스토리 기반의 정보 검색 연구

유은순(Eun-Soon You),박승보(Seung-Bo Park) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2013 지능정보연구 Vol.19 No.4

Video information retrieval has become a very important issue because of the explosive increase in video data from Web content development. Meanwhile, content-based video analysis using visual features has been the main source for video information retrieval and browsing. Content in video can be represented with content-based analysis techniques, which can extract various features from audio-visual data such as frames, shots, colors, texture, or shape. Moreover, similarity between videos can be measured through content-based analysis. However, a movie that is one of typical types of video data is organized by story as well as audio-visual data. This causes a semantic gap between significant information recognized by people and information resulting from content-based analysis, when content-based video analysis using only audio-visual data of low level is applied to information retrieval of movie. The reason for this semantic gap is that the story line for a movie is high level information, with relationships in the content that changes as the movie progresses. Information retrieval related to the story line of a movie cannot be executed by only content-based analysis techniques. A formal model is needed, which can determine relationships among movie contents, or track meaning changes, in order to accurately retrieve the story information. Recently, story-based video analysis techniques have emerged using a social network concept for story information retrieval. These approaches represent a story by using the relationships between characters in a movie, but these approaches have problems. First, they do not express dynamic changes in relationships between characters according to story development. Second, they miss profound information, such as emotions indicating the identities and psychological states of the characters. Emotion is essential to understanding a character’s motivation, conflict, and resolution. Third, they do not take account of events and background that contribute to the story. As a result, this paper reviews the importance and weaknesses of previous video analysis methods ranging from content-based approaches to story analysis based on social network. Also, we suggest necessary elements, such as character, background, and events, based on narrative structures introduced in the literature. We extract characters’ emotional words from the script of the movie Pretty Woman by using the hierarchical attribute of WordNet, which is an extensive English thesaurus. WordNet offers relationships between words (e.g., synonyms, hypernyms, hyponyms, antonyms). We present a method to visualize the emotional pattern of a character over time. Second, a character’s inner nature must be predetermined in order to model a character arc that can depict the character’s growth and development. To this end, we analyze the amount of the characters dialogue in the script and track the character’s inner nature using social network concepts, such as in-degree (incoming links) and out-degree (outgoing links). Additionally, we propose a method that can track a character’s inner nature by tracing indices such as degree, in-degree, and out-degree of the character network in a movie through its progression. Finally, the spatial background where characters meet and where events take place is an important element in the story. We take advantage of the movie script to extracting significant spatial background and suggest a scene map describing spatial arrangements and distances in the movie. Important places where main characters first meet or where they stay during long periods of time can be extracted through this scene map. In view of the aforementioned three elements (character, event, background), we extract a variety of information related to the story and evaluate the performance of the proposed method. We can track story information extracted over time and detect a change in the character’s emotion or inner nature, spatial movement,

아동 목격자 진술에서 준거기반 내용분석 (Criteria-Based Content Analysis)의 진위 판별 효과성: 메타분석

문혜민 ( Moon¸ Hye Min ),조은경 ( Jo¸ Eun Kyung ) 한국경찰학회 2021 한국경찰학회보 Vol.23 No.5

진술이 유일한 목격 증거인 사건에서 진술 신빙성 분석을 위해 준거기반 내용분석(Criteria-Based Content Analysis, CBCA)이 활용되고 있으며 CBCA 점수가 진술의 진위를 효과적으로 분별할 수 있다는 사실은 경험적 연구들을 통해 검증되었다. 그러나 개별 준거의 효과성에 관한 연구 결과는 일관되지 않아 개별 준거의 진술 신빙성 분석 효과를 일반화하기 어려웠다. 이 연구에서는 CBCA 총점 및 개별 준거들의 아동 및 청소년의 진술 진위 판별 효과성을 메타분석을 통해 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 아동 및 청소년 진술에 CBCA를 적용한 국ㆍ내외에서 출간된 10편의 연구를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, CBCA가 경험을 기반으로 한 진술과 거짓으로 꾸며낸 진술을 효과적으로 구분하는 것으로 확인되었다. 개별 준거 중 ‘전체적인 특징’ 범주의 일부 준거들과 ‘내용의 구체성’ 범주의 일부 준거들이 진실한 진술과 허위 진술을 구분하는 데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 ‘내용의 독특함’ 범주와 ‘동기적 특징’ 범주의 준거들은 대부분 진술 신빙성 분석에 효과적이지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과 분석을 통해 연구 방법과 진술한 사건 내용에 따라 CBCA의 효과크기 변화를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 CBCA의 진위 판별 효과성에 관한 함의와 추후 발전 방향에 대해서 논의하였다. Criteria-Based Content Analysis(CBCA) was designed to assess the credibility of statements in cases where child witness testimony is the only evidence. It has been well established that CBCA can effectively discern truths and lies. However, the effectiveness of the individual criteria varied from study to study, making it difficult to generalize the effectiveness of individual criteria. This study carried out a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of individual CBCA criteria in discriminating truth and fabricated statements of children and adolescents. Based on a variety of criteria, 10 published studies in Korea and abroad were included for analysis. The result showed that CBCA effectively distinguishes between experience-based statements from fabricated statements. Some criteria in the 'general characteristics' category and the 'specific contents' category were effective for distinguishing between truth and lies. However, most of the criteria in the 'peculiarities of content' category and the 'motivation-related contents' category were ineffective in determining the statement's credibility. Finally, a moderation effect analysis showed that the study method and the contents of the case moderated the effect size of CBCA. Finally, implications of these results and future research directions were discussed.

내용중심 영어교육 수업 효과 메타분석

심영미(Shim, Yungmi),민찬규(Min, Chan Kyoo) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.23

이 연구는 내용중심 교육의 학습 효과를 다룬 연구물들을 메타 분석하여 이 교수-학습 접근법이 우리나라 영어교육에 얼마나 효과적 접근법인지 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 2019년 3월부터 12월까지 교과 통합 내용중심 언어교 육을 주제로 삼아 연구된 138개의 연구물을 찾아 이 중에서 메타 분석이 가능한 52편의 학술지 논문과 학위 논문을 선정한 후, CMA(Comprehensive Meta Analysis) 2.0프로그램과 메타 ANOVA를 이용하여 이 교수-학습 접근법이 학습자의 영어 능 력 신장과 학업 성취도에 미치는 전체 효과크기를 분석하였다. 효과크기를 보다 구체적으로 살펴보기 위해 인지적 변인, 언어 기능, 교과 유형, 과목 등과 같은 종속 변인과 학교급, 실험 기간, 실험 지역 등 조절 변인에 따른 효과크기를 분석하였다. 연 구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 내용중심 영어교육의 평균 효과크기는 중간 효과크기를 보이고 있고, 종속 변인별 분석이나 조절 변인별 분석에서도 대부분 중간 정도의 효과크기를 보이고 있었다. 둘째, 과목별 효과성 크기는 체육과 과학이 가장 높았으 며 이를 통해 영어와 체육 또는 영어와 과학을 연계한 학습에서 학습자의 영어 능력향상과 학업 성취도 달성을 기대할 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 일부 과목에서는 효과크기의 편차가 상당하기 때문에 효과성 크기에 대한 일관성이 부족하여 그런 과목에서 내용 중심 영어교육을 적용하여 안정된 수준에서 효과성을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 보기 어렵다고 판단되며, 앞으로 더 많은 관련 연구가 필요하다. The aim of this article is to determine the extent to which content-based language teaching methods are effective in the Korean EFL learning environment. For this, using Comprehensive Meta Analysis (CMA) 2.0 and Meta-ANOVA, 52 academic journal papers and degree theses written on the topic of content-based English learning and teaching (CBELT) were collected and analyzed to deduce the total effect size for the improvement of learners language skills and the academic achievement. More specifically, this study analyzed the deduction of the effected size based on the dependent variables, such as cognitive variations, language skills, and subject types, along with the analysis based on the moderator variables, such as the school-level, the experimental period, and the experimental area. The results of the study are as follows. First, the average effected size of content-based English education is in the range of the median effect size, and most of the analysis results, based on the dependent variables and on the moderated variables, showed that they are in the range of the median effected size as well. Second, some school subjects, such as physical education and science compared to other subjects, showed a high effected size with the content-based English education approach. Finally, in some subjects, such as social sciences and music, the effected size figures significantly deviated between the low level and the high level, Thus we cannot fully determine the effectiveness of content-based English teaching methods within such subjects.

과학 · 수학 내용 중심 초등 영어 교재 분석 준거 개발 및 적용

백진임(Baek, Jin Im),김정렬(Kim, Jeong Ryeol) 한국영어교과교육학회 2011 영어교과교육 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop evaluation criteria which are appropriate for content-based science and math instruction and to analyze materials based on them. To this end, the survey of 82 elementary school teachers was conducted to identify their needs when adopting the content-based materials. In addition, some former studies concerning the evaluation of English, science, math materials, and official proposals from NCTM were integrated to develop new criteria. Nine science materials and eight math materials were analyzed by three specialists using the new criteria. This study shows how content-based instruction is implemented in elementary schools in Korea and provides practical criteria for adopting CBI materials. Also, this study shows the content-based science and math materials used in elementary schools are not appropriate for students when it comes to the language being used in books in terms of the average length of sentences, words, and the content. In conclusion, science and math content-based materials for elementary school students which meet criteria should be developed for better understanding of content.

대학에서 실시간 영상 기반 및 음성 기반 소프트웨어의 교육적 효과 비교 분석

손진영(Jinyoung Son),정혜원(Hyewon Jeong),이지은(Jieun Lee),주은경(Eungyung Ju),임걸(Keol Lim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.2

목적 본 연구에서는 영상 기반 소프트웨어와 음성 기반 소프트웨어의 교육적 효과를 비교하기 위해 실시간 쌍방향 토의 수업을 진행하여 토의 환경에서의 의사소통 유형 요소를 살펴보고, 소프트웨어 유형별 교육적 효과를 비교하여 대학에서의 실시간 쌍방향 토의수업 설계의 시사점을 도출하여 상호작용을 촉진할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 방법 이를 위해 2021년 1학기 A대학에서 개설한 강좌를 수강하는 학생 38명을 대상으로, 총 7개의 소그룹에 5명 내외의 학생을 임의로 배정하여 네 번에 걸쳐 토의 활동을 진행하였다. 그리고 소그룹별 대화 내용을 분석 범주에 따라 ‘학습내용’, ‘학습지원’, ‘형용적표현’, ‘잡담’으로 구분하여 내용분석을 실시하였다. 결과 연구 결과, 전반적으로 음성 기반 소프트웨어보다 영상 기반 소프트웨어에서 다소 활발하게 토의 활동이 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 소프트웨어와 내용분석 범주 간 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났는데 영상 기반 소프트웨어에서는 ‘잡담’이 활발하게 이루어졌고, 음성 기반 소프트웨어에서는 ‘학습지원’이 많이 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 또한 심층 인터뷰 결과 영상 기반 및 음성 기반 소프트웨어의 교육적 가치를 확인하였다. 결론 이러한 결과를 토대로 대학에서의 실시간 쌍방향 토의 수업 진행 시 교육적 효과를 높이기 위한 수업 설계 방안이 제시되었다. Objectives In this study, we examined the patterns of communication types in synchronous interactive discussion classes. With those examination we analyzed educational effects between two media, video-based and audio-based software, trying to derive implications for synchronous interactive discussion classes design in universities. Methods In order to conduct research objectives, 38 students who took courses at A university in the Spring semester of 2021 were randomly assigned as five students to seven small groups and participated in the learning activities. we divided conversation contents of each small group into ‘learning contents’, ‘learning support’, ‘adjective expression,’ and ‘chatting’. Results Overall, it was proved that discussion was more active in video-based software than audio-based software. ‘Chatting’ was more active in video-based software, and ‘learning support’ was more accomplished in audio-based software. Also we have confirmed the educational value of video-based and audio-based software by in-depth interviews. Conclusions Based on these results, the instructional design plan to enhance educational effectiveness of synchronous interactive discussion classes at universities was proposed.

진술분석의 역사적 발전과 연구과제

박종선,김상균 한국범죄심리학회 2019 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.15 No.1

This study is historical development process and research subjects. The purpose of this study was to confirm Statement Validity Assessment(SVA) is used to assess the veracity of witness' testimony in trials for offences. CBCA: Criteria-Based Contents Analysis is a statement analysis technique that determines the veracity of sexually abused child victims’s statements. SCAN: Sdentific Content Analysis is one of the most popular statement analysis techniques being used by investigators in many countries. Statement Validity Assessment(SVA) is used to assess the veracity of child witness' testimony in trials for sexual offences. SVA assessment is used to assess child witness's statement since 2005 in Korea. Recently, SVA assessments are accepted as evidence in Korean criminal courts. SVA procedure consists of three stages: a semi structured interview, CBCA(criteria-based content analysis. Specially, In Korea, police investigators interview witnesses(young child or person with mental retardation). Therefore they have to get the more professional education about child or person with mental retardation. 이 연구는 진술분석에 관한 역사적 발전과정과 과제를 다루었다. 사실인정의 판단이 되는 진술증거에 있어 기존의 법정은 아동과 성인의 ‘진술’을 동일하게 판단하기도 함은 물론, 그 판단에 있어서도 일관성이 없다는 이유로 꾸준히 지적을 받고 있었다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 진술의 신뢰도를 구체적이고도 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 즉, 법과 심리학이 서로 협력하여 판단하는 기법인 ‘진술신뢰도평가(Statement Validity Assessment; SVA)’ 기법의 발전과정과 구성요소를 먼저 설명하였다. 이를 토대로 우리나라에서 진술분석기법의 유효성연구 결과 적용가능성을 확인하였으며, 그 결과 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 아동성폭력 피해자에 대해 수사와 재판과정에 아동의 진술능력을 고려한 심리전문가를 참여시키기 시작하였다. CBCA(Criteria-Based Content Analysis)는 성폭력 피해 아동 진술의 신빙성을 판단하기 위한 진술분석 기법이다. 총 19개의 준거로 구성되어 있으며 개별 준거는 진실한 아동에게서 더 많이 나타나는 것으로 고려된다. 진술분석기법의 발전을 위한 제언을 한다면, 현재 작성되고 있는 전문가 의견서의 질적 수준의 개선을 위해 합의제를 통해 분석할 것과, 진술분석전문가의 자격기준을 보다 엄격히 정할 필요성, 경찰과 검찰의 진술분석가에 대한 자격기준을 통일할 것, 아동이나 정신지체자 등에 대한 진술분석과정을 보다 전문적인 과정의 교육을 받을 필요가 있다.

A Flow Analysis Framework for Traffic Video

Bai, Lu-Shuang,Xia, Ying,Lee, Sang-Chul Korea Spatial Information System Society 2009 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.2

The fast progress on multimedia data acquisition technologies has enabled collecting vast amount of videos in real time. Although the amount of information gathered from these videos could be high in terms of quantity and quality, the use of the collected data is very limited typically by human-centric monitoring systems. In this paper, we propose a framework for analyzing long traffic video using series of content-based analyses tools. Our framework suggests a method to integrate theses analyses tools to extract highly informative features specific to a traffic video analysis. Our analytical framework provides (1) re-sampling tools for efficient and precise analysis, (2) foreground extraction methods for unbiased traffic flow analysis, (3) frame property analyses tools using variety of frame characteristics including brightness, entropy, Harris corners, and variance of traffic flow, and (4) a visualization tool that summarizes the entire video sequence and automatically highlight a collection of frames based on some metrics defined by semi-automated or fully automated techniques. Based on the proposed framework, we developed an automated traffic flow analysis system, and in our experiments, we show results from two example traffic videos taken from different monitoring angles.

내용기반 이미지 검색 시스템의 Use Case 모델링

서재현,이윤,김태공 인제대학교기초과학연구소 1998 자연과학 Vol.2 No.-

최근 인터넷 및 인트라넷 분야의 기술이 엄청나게 빠른 속도로 확산되면서 복잡해지고 대형화된 이 기종간의 분산 시스템을 통합하는 문제가 데두되고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 객체지향 개발 방법론을 이용하여 분석 및 설계하고 이를 구현하려는 노력이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 특히 Booch, Rumbaugh 그리고 Jacobson에 의해 정의된 UML(Unified Modeling Language)은 객체 지향적 분석/설계 방법론의 표준 지정을 목표로 하고 있어 앞으로의 시스템 개발에 이를 이용할 것이다. 그러나 UML을 이용한 객체지향 분석 및 설계에 대한 이해와 경험이 부족으로 인해 아직은 여러 초보 분석가와 개발자들은 UML을 사용하여 객체지향 소프트웨어 시스템을 개발할 때 어디서부터 어떻게 시작을 해야할지 모르는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 UML의 Use Case을 이용한 내용기반 검색 (Content Based Retrieval) 기능을 지원하는 이미지 데이터 관리 시스템의 요구사항을 분석한다. Recently, since techniques for Internet and Intranet field are wide spread very quickly, the issues that unifies a complex and scalable heterogenous distributed system is appeared. To sovle these problems, the studies for analysis, design, and implementation that problems using object-oriented development methodology have been processing. Especially, HML(Unified Modeling Language) has been proposed by Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson as a standard notation for object-oriented analysis and design. but the understanding and Experience by object-oriented analysis/design methodology which UML is lack, when a novice analysts and developers develop object-oriented software methodology with UML, they don't know yet when they start, what they do. So in this paper, we analyse requirements of image data management system that supports the contents based retrieval function with Use Case in UML.

2015 개정 초등영어 교과서의 타교과 통합 내용 분석 및 적용 방안

김영민 한국초등영어교육학회 2019 초등영어교육 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study was to analyze the content-language integrated activities of the 5 th and 6 th grade English textbooks based on the 2015 revised national curriculum, and to suggest directions for application in teaching English. Four elementary English textbooks of each grade were analyzed and the results were as follows. First, the integration of contents with English were cited 78 times in 10 subjects. Second, the most frequently integrated subject was social studies(15 times), followed by practical arts(14), Korean(11), ethics(11), and arts(10). Third, the most popular integrated topics were leisure activities(P.E.), jobs(practical arts), geographical information and cultural diversity(social studies), manners and recognition of importance on time and things(ethics). These integrated subject contents and topics provided a variety of contexts for meaningful and real language use. Fourth, a list of language-content integration for 5 th and 6 th grade English teaching was completed based on the analysis of the current textbook activities. Some implications and suggestions for further research for effective content-language integrated textbook activities were made.

컴퓨터 정보통신 공학부 영어 교수ㆍ학습 모형 개발을 위한 기초연구

박부남(Park Punahm) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2006 영어교육연구 Vol.18 No.3

  This research was designed as a preliminary study of developing a content-based language instruction for engineering students. It focused on analyzing characteristics and needs of Electronics and Computer Engineering students. For the purpose of this study, I conducted surveys on 289 engineering students and 38 professors and instructors to find out their needs and interests on language and content (subject-matter) learning. I also interviewed 16 technicians to recognize their perception of what language skills and content would benefit for engineering students. The results of the needs analysis and interview strongly suggested the need to adopt a content-based teaching and learning model incorporating communicative English for general and specific purposes in the field of computer engineering to accomplish their real-life tasks in future. This study also led us to some issues on the integration of language and content for engineering students and the cooperation of content specialists and language specialists for a language instruction model, Adjunct Instruction. Some issues were discussed for the application of an Adjunct Instruction for engineering students in EFL contexts.