미술교육 연구를 위한 방법론 고찰

정현일(Jung, Hyun Il) 한국미술교육학회 2009 美術敎育論叢 Vol.23 No.3

본 논문은 미술교육에서 연구되어지고 있는 프로젝트를 체계적이고 논리적으로 전개해 나가기 위한 연구방법론들을 고찰하는데 목적이 있다. 특히, 필자는 현장연구에서 폭넓게 사용되어지고 있는 실행연구 방법론들 중에서도 가장 친-합리적, 친-민주적, 그리고 친-평화적 연구접근이라 할 수 있는 커뮤니티 중심의 연구(CBR)와 커뮤니티 중심의 실행연구(CBAR)를 중심으로 심도 있게 논의하고자 한다. 그 CBR과 CBAR의 연구방법론들에 대한 본격적인 논의에 앞서 필자는 먼저 방법(method)과 방법론(methodology)의 올바른 정의와 차이점을 설명하기 위해서 조선시대 아낙네들에 의해서 만들어진 ‘조각보’의 비유를 들어 설명하였다. 그런 후에 실행연구 분야의 저명한 학자들이 출간한 논문들을 통해서 CBR과 CBAR의 연구 목적들, 특징들, 정의들, 그리고 기원들 등을 심층적으로 비교․분석하였다. 마지막으로, 한 가설을 통해 미술교육연구에서 CBR과 CBAR의 연구방법론들을 어떻게 현장연구나 커뮤니티 중심의 미술교육에 적용할 수 있는지에 대해 논의하였다. This study seeks to explore research methodologies for conducting a study in art education systematically and logically. It mainly focuses on defining the terminologies method, methodology, community-based research(CBR), and community-based action research(CBAR). This study also focuses on how to apply CBR and CBAR into the practices of art education that are especially associated with the local communities, such as schools, community libraries, community agencies, churches, youth clubs, ethnic groups, and many other settings. To better understand the meaning of CBR and CBAR, I first give a background that defines the differences between method and methodology using a parable that the process of conducting a research in art education is very similar to the process of making. a Korean patchwork(Jogakbo) created in the 19th century. After defining the meaning of the terms and the principles of CBR and CBAR, this study examines the characteristics, similarities, and differences between community-based research and community-based action research through a chart that compares the two methodologies in terms of origins, goals, features, the researcher and participant's roles, and other important aspects of research. To address what the similarities and differences are, I have reviewed variety books written by prominent scholars in the field of action research and also reviewed two web-sites to give an additional layer to compare the methodologies. Lastly, I mention a hypothesis to suggest one of many ways in which how art educators can apply CBR and CBAR to a research in field-based art education or community-based art education.

Engaging in adapted physical activity research broadly: Studies of “adapted” health promotion, diversity and dignified inclusion in active lifestyles, within community contexts

( Kyoung June Yi ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: This presentation aims at discussing broadened ways of engaging in adapted physical activity (APA) research. Opportunities and challenges of pursuing APA research from health promotion, diversity, and community-based approaches will be highlighted. Method: Three young scholars in the field of social justice and equity studies within physical activity contexts were involved in action learning (i.e., an inquiry approach focusing on learning from each other’s experiences; Kemmis & McTaggart, 2005) and narrative inquiry (i.e., a study of experience by writing, sharing, and collaboratively reflecting on stories of one’s lived experience; Clandinin & Connelly, 2000). The presenter’s own reflective insights will be showcased as a storied form, with follow-up discussions. Result: Health promotion approach. Promoting health and wellness amongst persons experiencing disabilities is a priority in APA practice. As such, instead of merely focusing on investigating the therapeutic merits of APA, APA researchers have been exploring ways of increasing the readiness to engage these people in lifelong active lifestyles. The ways in which physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects play roles in the health and wellness amongst these populations within lifespan contexts need to be examined holistically. APA, from this view, then can be seen as studies of “adapted” health promotion. Diversity approach. Inclusiveness is another priority in APA practice to ensure human rights and dignity of persons experiencing disabilities. Accordingly, APA research involves exploring ways of creating inclusive environments in active lifestyles amongst persons experiencing disabilities. However, pursuing inclusion is not only for these people, but also diverse people: Inclusion should be for all. From this perspective, APA research could be viewed much broadly by focusing on diversity (i.e., approaching beyond disability) to ensure the inclusiveness that is for all. Community-based approach. As highlighted in the notion, “nothing about us without us,” disability communities are key players in decision-makings in APA research process. Expert-driven approaches in APA research.that is, research projects designed without careful considerations of the voices of disability communities.are sometimes criticized as paternalistic, irrelevant, and even exploitative. This type of taken-for-granted APA research approaches might be linked to a practical problem: the “disconnections” between researchers and the ultimate beneficiaries of the research, people experiencing disabilities. Ways of knowledge generation and translation in APA, therefore, need to be further explored from the lens of community-based participatory research. Conclusion: The boundaries of APA research have been blurred. Moving beyond therapy-based, medicalized, and expert-driven approaches will open up new possibilities in future APA research. This presentation intends to inspire APA researchers to engage in dialogues to further discuss the scope of APA research.

지역사회기반 참여연구 방법에 입각한 단기집중 방문재활프로그램 질적 평가

이민영(Min-young Lee),김은성(Eun-seung Kim),윤범철(Bum-chul Yoon) 한국전문물리치료학회 2016 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Background: The Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach is recognized in the field of health promotion as a way to optimize intervention for promoting health by taking into account specific social, economical, and institutional situations of the community. However, the CBPR approach has not been applied in the field of community-based rehabilitation. Objects: This study was conducted to explore the self-perceived satisfaction of therapists and disabilities on the Short-term Intensive Home-based Rehabilitation (SIHR) program developed using the CBPR approach as well as determine the points that need improvement. Methods: This research was conducted through in-depth interviews. The SIHR program was developed, applied, and evaluated by both the researchers and four therapists on the basis of the CBPR approach. The SIHR program was administered to four disability for 1 hour a day, 2 or 3 times a week, for 8 weeks, and their self-rehabilitation was monitored once a week for 4 weeks. After all intervention periods, in-depth interviews were conducted by using a semi-structured questionnaire for the therapists and disability. Results: The therapists were satisfied with the contents of the SIHR program, such as behavioral change technique and goal-directed training. They were also satisfied with the process of developing the program through a community network. Disabilities were satisfied with the therapists’ persuasive and emotionally interactive way of delivering the SIHR program as well as the individually customized rehabilitation training and physical improvement. The short period (8 weeks) of the SIHR program was noted by both therapists and disabilities as the part that needs improvement. Conclusion: The SIHR program developed using the CBPR approach was feasible and satisfying to therapists and disabilities. However, a longer SIHR program should be developed. Community networks could help therapists effectively utilize community resources and thereby provide more rehabilitation program for persons with disability

지역사회 기반 참여모형(CBPR)을 중심으로 한 고혈압·당뇨병환자의 전문가 치주질환관리프로그램 평가

박수경 ( Su-kyung Park ),이가영 ( Ga-yeong Lee ),김연주 ( Yeun-ju Kim ),이민영 ( Min-young Lee ),변도화 ( Do-hwa Byun ),김경희 ( Kyung-hee Kim ),손효림 ( Hyo-rim Son ),김춘배 ( Chun-bae Kim ),안양희 ( Yang-heui Ahn ),김남희 ( Nam- 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2017 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.41 No.1

Objectives: To evaluate the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) professional periodontal care program model for patients with hypertension and diabetes. Methods: This descriptive case study included 151 participants of the professional periodontal care program. The CBPR-based professional periodontal care program consists of 5-steps: `Issue identification and prioritization` (Step 1), `Strategy development` (Step 2), `Entry into community` (Step 3), `Implementation` (Step 4), and `Transition` (Step 5). Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency analysis, and descriptive data with PASW 23.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The results of the Focus group interview (FGI) were classified as `general opinions regarding the program planning and operation receptiveness`, `sustainability`, `potential spread of the program`, and `improvement of program`. The interviews were qualitative research involving seven people. Results: 1. Participants increased their interest in health and oral health by managing their hypertension, diabetes, and periodontal disease using community resources. Through this, healthy practices and improved awareness helped to prevent complications and manage periodontal diseases. 2. Community organizations actively cooperated, resulting in positive changes in oral health practices (increased registration of patients in education centers for hypertension and diabetes, and increased number of patients visiting the local dental clinic). In the future, it was positive to participate in the program continuously. Conclusions: The most important step is `Entry into community`, which has led to active participation and cooperation of community organizations and participants. Therefore, community organizations and strategy development should be discussed, and the role of community leaders should be emphasized to build cooperative relationships. In addition, participation in and collaboration with health-based projects should be achieved through a search of various community organizations.

New Evaluation Vector through the Stanford Mobile Inquiry-Based Learning Environment (SMILE) for Participatory Action Research

Paul Kim,안지영 대한의료정보학회 2016 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.22 No.3

Objectives: This article reviews an evaluation vector model driven from a participatory action research leveraging a collective inquiry system named SMILE (Stanford Mobile Inquiry-based Learning Environment). Methods: SMILE has been implemented in a diverse set of collective inquiry generation and analysis scenarios including community health care-specific professional development sessions and community-based participatory action research projects. In each scenario, participants are given opportunities to construct inquiries around physical and emotional health-related phenomena in their own community. Results: Participants formulated inquiries as well as potential clinical treatments and hypothetical scenarios to address health concerns or clarify misunderstandings or misdiagnoses often found in their community practices. From medical universities to rural village health promotion organizations, all participatory inquiries and potential solutions can be collected and analyzed. The inquiry and solution sets represent an evaluation vector which helps educators better understand community health issues at a much deeper level. Conclusions: SMILE helps collect problems that are most important and central to their community health concerns. The evaluation vector, consisting participatory and collective inquiries and potential solutions, helps the researchers assess the participants’ level of understanding on issues around health concerns and practices while helping the community adequately formulate follow-up action plans. The method used in SMILE requires much further enhancement with machine learning and advanced data visualization.

지역실행연구(CBR)1)에 의한 지역아웃리치(Community Outreach) 실천분석

홍현미라(Hong Hyun-Mee-Ra) 한국사회복지학회 2008 한국사회복지학 Vol.60 No.4

본 연구는 농촌지역사회에 대한 지역아웃리치를 실천하는 사례를 대상으로 지역실행연구를 수행하였다. 재구성한 실행계획 중 지역아웃리치의 성과는 첫째, 서비스 전달체계의 변화, 둘째, 자원동원, 셋째, 주민조직화 및 옹호활동 등으로 구성하였다. 이러한 실행계획에 의한 실천결과 지역아웃리치의 절차를 지역사회 들어가기, 지역사회 뿌리내리기, 사업의 이양과 종결하기로 도출하였다. 또한 재구성된 실천결과를 분석해서 발견한 지역아웃리치의 함의는 첫째, 지역아웃리치 접근법은 사회복지 서비스 전달체계로부터 단절ㆍ고립된 농촌지역 을 발견하고 그 곳에 서비스를 제공하는데 효과적이다. 둘째, 지역아웃리치 접근법은 복지 소외지역사회와 일반지역사회를 연계하는 실천이다. 셋째, 지역아웃리치 접근법은 복지 소외지역을 위한 사회자본의 재구조화를 촉진하는 함의를 지닌다. 따라서 다음과 같은 정책제언을 한다. 첫째, 농어촌이동복지관 사업 법령 제정과 전달체계 마련, 둘째, 사업의 지속성 확보를 위한 지방자치단체의 지원, 셋째, 의료 전문직 전달체계와의 연계 시급, 넷째, 농어촌 형 사회복지전달 체계 마련이 시급하다. Using a method of Community-Based Research, Reconstructed action plaining for community change within the rural community is to mobilize and develop community resources, to develop and change community service delivery system, to communicate on community issues and advocacy. Research findings are as follows: Firstly, community outreach, its utility is finding some needy client within the lack of resources absolutely. Secondly, one is linking communities between a poor community and a wealthy community. Finally, one is building initiative social capital. The results suggest that social policy for rural community should built up service delivery system. It needs for local government to maintain community change by financial support. It has to link social welfare system and medical system.

근로자의 건강증진에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰 참여적 실행연구와 지역사회기반 참여연구 중심으로

황원주,하지선,조현희 한국융합학회 2018 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.9 No.12

This study investigated a systematic literature review on local and international literatures focusing on Participatory Action Research(PAR), Community Based Participatory Research(CBPR) in workplace and community. Eighty percent of the 10 studies reviewed included research involving health professionals, community networks, workers, and university researchers. Health promotion programs varied from health and safety awareness, smoking cessation, diabetes management, physical activity, self-efficacy enhancement, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders and mental health. PAR, CBPR are required to participate actively in research through community collaboration to promote health. We can solve problems at the community level. And identified sustainable effects when developing and implementing a health promotion program. PAR and CBPR are expected to continuously pursue change by adjusting the scope of individuals, organizations, communities, and institutional dimensions. They are also expected to be implemented for workers in the various workplace. 본 연구는 사업장과 지역사회에서 이루어진 PAR, CBPR을 중심으로 국내·외 문헌을 체계적 고찰을 하였다. 검토된 10개 논문의 연구 참여자는 보건전문가, 지역사회 네트워크, 근로자, 대학 연구자가 포함된 연구가 80%였고, 적용된 실행연구 기반 건강증진 프로그램은 안전·건강관리인식, 금연, 당뇨관리, 신체활동, 자기효능감 증진, 심혈관 질환, 근골격계 질환, 정신 건강 등 다양했다. 건강증진을 위해서는 지역사회 공동 작업을 통해 연구에 주도적으로 참여하는 것이 필수적이며, 이런 과정을 통하여 지역사회 차원의 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 또한 협력하며 건강증진프로그램을 개발하고 적용했을 때 지속가능한 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. PAR, CBPR은 개인과 조직, 지역사회, 제도적 차원의 범위를 조정하여 지속적인 변화를 추구할 것으로 사료되므로 다양한 사업장에서 근로자를 대상으로 활발히 수행되길 기대한다.

지역사회 개선을 위한 방법론으로서의 CBPR에 대한 메타적 고찰 -한국과 일본의 연구사례를 통하여-

류영진,김희재 동북아시아문화학회 2018 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.57

Recently, policies like ‘Maeul Mandelgie’ and ‘Regional Revitalization’ have been increasing in South Korea. As a result, concepts like ‘Spontaneity of Residents’ and ‘Problem Recognitions and Dynamics from inside’ are becoming increasingly important key-words for solving regional problems. However, the methodology that matches such policy trends is still lacking. This study presents CBPR(Community-Based Participatory Research) as a new methodology that can scientifically support recent policy trends. However, until now, CBPR has been mainly used in the public health sector. This study is the basic study of applying CBPR to social science. Through an overview of CBPR's concept and Merit, it explains that CBPR emphasizes ①Recognition of problems from within the region, ②Participation of the study subjects and ③Spontaneity and sustainability. etc. This is also an essential difference from other qualitative research methods. In addition, in this study, case of Korea and Japan with CBPR are selected for Meta-review. Meta reviews cover a wide range of CBPR case study, For example, ranging from improving local health, solving school violence, regional revitalization and seismic damage recovery. Through meta-review, we derive the some implications, ‘the importance of recognizing problems from within the region’, ‘the importance of association’, ‘the choice of methodologies considering local circumstances’ and ‘reaching agreement as collective opinion’. As a future research project, research on ‘the accumulation of CBPR studies based on Korea’ and ‘Specific conceptualization of CBPR’ are required.

Operation of Community Resident Groups in a Community-based Participatory Health Promotion Program for Low-income Older Adults

유승현,James Butler,Thistle I. Elias 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2009 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Community resident groups (CRGs) can play a critical role in community-based participatory research (CBPR) with their indigenous knowledge and ability to identify and address key health promotion issues. CRGs were convened in 12 government-subsidized apartment communities for low-income seniors in Pennsylvania, USA, to promote healthy aging. CRGs were venues at which apartment building residents could interact, discuss health priorities, and become change agents in their building. Researchers facilitated CRG meetings following a 6-step process of community empowerment and utilizing a social ecological model for assessment and planning. Researchers qualitatively analyzed almost 200 project-related documents, using matrix analysis principles such as cross-classification of multiple dimensions to identify patterns in the data and matrix building for displaying such patterns. The matrix displayed patterns of CRG inputs, processes, and outcomes. CRG members' priorities were about their daily living, including building conditions, poor access to fresh food, and unhealthy resident relations. As such, CRGs needed to understand the links between their health priorities and the resultant health issues. Specific patterns arose in analysis indicating that leadership within the CRGs, consistency of meetings and participants' attendance, and ability to link health concerns to daily experiences greatly impacted the CRGs' capability to identify and accomplish their goals.

거시적 지역사회실천과 실천통합적 연구의 모색: 포괄적 지역사회실천·지역사회기반 참여연구·이론기반 평가

김가율 한국사회복지실천연구학회 2014 미래사회복지연구 Vol.5 No.1

한국의 지역사회복지실천은 지역사회 수준의 변화를 목표로 하는 거시적 성격보다는 지역사회의 자원과 시스템을 활용하여 지역사회 구성원 개인과 가족을 돕는 미시적 성격의 실천이 주류를 이루고 있다. 본 논문은 거시적 수준의 지역사회 변화를 위한 실천과연구에 대한 논의를 촉진하기 위한 목적에서 ‘포괄적 지역사회실천(CCIs)’, 그리고 지역사회기반 참여연구(CBPR)와 변화이론기반 평가연구에 대한 논의를 소개하였다. ‘포괄적 지역사회실천’은 살아서 움직이고 변화하는 지역사회의 특성을 있는 그대로 수용한다. 따라서 실천의 과정은 매우 복잡하고 포괄적이며 다층적이고 진화적인 특징을 지닌다. 지역사회 기반연구와 이론기반 평가연구 방법은 전통적 연구 방식이 ‘포괄적 지역사회실천’의 이러한 특성을 적절히 반영할 수 없다는 비판에서 대안적으로 제시되고 있는연구 접근법이다. 이러한 방식의 지역사회실천과 연구방법이 한국의 현장에서 어떻게활용될 수 있을까에 대해서는 한층 더 심화된 논의가 필요하다.