구급대원용 개인보호복 개발을 위한 기초연구

노유민,남윤자,이혜린,김태한,김주현,신상도,No, Yoo-Min,Nam, Yun-Ja,Lee, Hye-Rin,Kim, Tae-Han,Kim, Chu-Hyun,Shin, Sang-Do 한국응급구조학회 2018 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of personal protective equipment (PPE) for emergency medical technicians (EMTs) during chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive situations. Methods: Body measurements were obtained for adults aged from 20 to 59 years from the data in the 6 th Size Korea national sizing survey. These data were compared to the sizes of protective clothing currently available in the market. In-depth interviews with active paramedics with experiences of wearing PPE were conducted. Results: Most of the imported protective clothing turned out to be unfit for Korean adults. This showed the urgent need for developing appropriately sized protective clothing for Korean emergency technicians. In total, 55.0% of the respondents indicated that the current protective clothing is unsafe, and 71.0% requested the clothing to have level C protective performance. Regarding the design, many people wanted hooded all-in-one type of clothing. Conclusion: Considering these requirements, most of the wearers wanted their protective clothing to be fundamentally protective of their body, be available in various sizes with adjustable parts, and easy to wear and take off. They also wanted the clothing to be secure in clear sight, while not revealing any parts of their body and not interfringe with their ability to communicate with others.

반팔 내의-전투복-화생방보호의 시스템에서 환기가 열적 스트레스에 미치는 영향

이옥경,엄란이,정희수,조경민,이예진 한국의류학회 2022 한국의류학회지 Vol.46 No.5

This study establishes basic data for the development of a new Chemical, Biological, and Radioactive (CBR) protective clothing by selecting the ventilation position to optimize thermal comfort on the basis of the opening and closing of each part. Participants were eight men in their 20s who had previously worn CBR protective clothing. After vigorous exercise and perspiration, the microclimate of the clothing and skin temperature was measured. Results revealed that when the ventilation zipper was opened after exercising, the skin and clothing microclimate temperatures, which had increased during the exercise, decreased in the chest and shoulder blade regions. The clothing microclimate humidity decreased in the chest area. The change was greatest in the chest region; the skin temperature decreased by 0.2°C, the clothing microclimate temperature by 2.7°C, and the clothing microclimate humidity by 3.2%RH through ventilation. Thus, the opening that allows the exchange of accumulated heat and moisture while wearing the CBR protective clothing is efficient.

국내·외 화학 보호복 및 특수 방화복 소재 적용에 관한 연구

박평규,남동군 한국위험물학회 2022 한국위험물학회지 Vol.10 No.2

In this study, turnout gear and chemical protective clothing are intended to protect the wearer from various hazards and poor environmental conditions that may cause harm or death. There are various fabric of protective clothing, the potential of Polyimide(PI) performance fabric relevant to personal protective clothing for firefighters. The PI turnout gear showed performance comparable to that the PBI turnout gear. It is judged that the current and future materials for turnout gear for firefighters are insufficient at internal and external, and further materials should be developed. The government needs a lot of research because protective clothing is needed for about 55,000 firefighters in Korea. There is an urgent need to upgrade personal protective equipment for firefighters. It was found that PI fabric can be applied in terms of physical properties such as flame/heat resistance of turnout gear and chemical protective clothing.

화학보호복의 생화학 유사작용제 투과저항성 평가 방법 개발

윤혜신,권대혁,강재성,서현관,이해완,박현배,Yoon, Hye Shin,Kwon, Dae Hyuk,Kang, Jae Sung,Seo, Hyeon Kwan,Lee, Hae Wan,Park, Hyen Bae 한국섬유공학회 2014 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.51 No.6

Non-military researchers and civil manufacturers face several difficulties in the study of protective materials for chemical-biological defense. The performance of these materials cannot be estimated in non-governmental circles as the private use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs), such as GD (soman) and HD (mustard), by civilians is not permitted. The barrier properties of protective materials can be evaluated only in military laboratories, by the TOP 8-2-501 test method, using real CWAs. In this study, the permeation of CWA simulants such as dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (CEPS) was investigated by the chemical permeation test method. Moreover, permeation of the CWA simulants through different samples of protective materials could be estimated by the proposed cumulative permeation measurements, using an absorbent tube.

소방용 화학보호복 착용시 신체변화에 관한 연구

방창훈,권정숙 한국방재학회 2015 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.15 No.1

The aim of study intends to investigate the physiological response wearing fire chemical protective clothing and to provide the basicdata for the safety of firefighter. The results of the study are as follows; After firefighters(n=10; age 31.2) performed workload of 9METs(6 km/h, 10%) in WBGT 20oC(Globe Temperature 22.0oC, dry bulb temperature of 21.6oC, relative humidity 77.2%) during20minute. After experiments, mean skin temperature(9.9%), tympanic temperature change(4.2%), heart rate(112.3%), RPE(65.4%),thermal Sensation(87.1%), weight loss(0.7%), glucose(17.6%) and lactate(533.3%) are statistically significantly higher by wearing firechemical protective clothing. It is concluded that physiological responses of human body varied considerably and reflected by wearingfire chemical protective clothing. 본 연구는 소방용 화학보호복 착용시 신체에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 소방공무원의 안전을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 한다. 실험온도 WBGT 20oC(흑구온도 22.0oC, 건구온도 21.6oC, 습도 77.2%)에서 작업강도 9 METs(6 km/h, 10%)로 소방공무원(10명; 31.2세)을 대상으로 20분 동안 소방용 화학보호복을 착용한 후 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 소방용 화학보호복을 착용한 경우에서 평균피부온도차(9.9%), 고막온도차(4.2%), 심박수(112.3%), 운동자각도(65.4%), 온냉감(87.1%), 체중감소(0.7%), 혈당(17.6%)과 젖산(533.3%)이 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났으며, 이상의 결과 소방용 화학보호복 착용이 신체에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 연구되었다.

국내 및 유럽, 미국의 화학보호복 제도와 감염성 생물체 저항성 보호복에 대한 국내 인증제도 도입 제안

전민권(Minkwon Jeon),박평규(Pyoung-kyu Park),백두현(Doo-Hyun Baik) 한국위험물학회 2021 한국위험물학회지 Vol.9 No.2

In order to acquire CE certification, Europe recognizes the authentication system of chemical protective clothing and EN 14126 tests through protective clothing against infective agents. Europe has a "-B" on the chemical protective clothing format, and certifies the quality of the protective clothing against infective agents. In Korea, which introduced a European Chemical Protective Clothing System, KOSHA has conducting KCs safety certification through national safety certification on chemical protective clothing, however Korea has not introduced the EN 14126 certification system, and uses the name of the "Level D" by quoting the OSHA of United States. We propose to solve this ambiguous problem of terminology and introduce an EN 14126 certification system to protect medical staff and quarantine worker in Korea.

재사용 및 제한적 화학보호복의 열적 성능 평가에 관한 연구

박평규(Pyoung-Kyu Park),김로(Lu Jin),최영덕(Young-Duk Choi) 한국위험물학회 2018 한국위험물학회지 Vol.6 No.1

In this study, the thermal performance of limited and reusable thermal chemical protective clothing from domestic and foreign countries were investigated in terms of flame resistance and thermal protective performance. The results showed that the performance of thermal protective clothing certificated by KFI was comparable with that of foreign products certificated by NFPA 1991 and EN 943, respectively. Moreover, the cumulative flame time of all three products were zero second and the burning distance of S sample exhibited two times higher than that of the other two samples. The thermal protective clothing of chemical protective clothing made of nonwoven fabric is better than that of the other ones. There was no burn injury until 6 seconds from flash fire test, but 5.8 % of second burn injuries were observed after 12 seconds. In addition, Inflating the chemical protective clothing would increase the exposure time when encountering the chemical flash fire.

소방용 화학보호복 착용 현장대원의일상 훈련용 프로토콜 설계 및 활동성 분석

김시국,임우섭,홍성철 한국화재소방학회 2018 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.32 No.4

The present article is concerned with a study on the daily training protocol for field crews wearing chemical protectionclothing for firefighting and the analysis of activity. To improve coping ability of & secure safety for firefighting crewsinitially incorporated in the fields of chemical accident & chemical terror, 10 steps in total of daily training protocol havebeen designed. The designed protocol is largely composed of the extensive activity protocol for daily adaptation offirefighting chemical protection clothing (steps 1, 2, 6, 7 & 9), the precision operation protocol utilizing hands (steps 3,4 & 5), and the protocol requiring strong physical burdens (steps 8 & 10). According to the measurement results for activityas a result of the protocol, the average maximum heart rate upon wearing the firefighting chemical protection clothing wasshown to increase by step 1 20.32%, step 2 18.69%, step 3 25.23%, step 4 34.77%, step 5 27.44%, step 6 30.24%, step7 25.33%, step 8 22.25%, step 9 22.80% and step 10 20.85% compared with the time of not wearing them. The averagemaximum breathing rate was shown to increase by step 3 1.92%, step 4 4.11%, step 5 1.24%, step 6 3.95%, step 7 0.93%,step 8 10.23%, step 9 3.36% and step 10 15.10%, except for steps 1 & 2. 본 논문은 소방용 화학보호복 착용 현장대원의 일상 훈련용 프로토콜 설계 및 활동성 분석에 관한 연구이다. 화학사고 및 화학테러 현장에 최초 투입되는 소방대원들의 대처능력 향상 및 안전성 확보를 위해 총 10단계의 일상 훈련용 프로토콜을 설계하였다. 설계된 프로토콜은 크게 소방용 화학보호복 일상 적응을 위한 광범위 활동 프로토콜(1,2, 6, 7, 9단계)과 손을 활용한 정밀작업 프로토콜(3, 4, 5단계) 그리고 강한 신체적 부담을 요구하는 프로토콜(8, 10단계)로 구성하였다. 프로토콜에 따른 활동성 측정결과 소방용 화학보호복 착용 시가 미착용 시보다 평균최대심박수는1단계 20.32%, 2단계 18.69%, 3단계 25.23%, 4단계 34.77%, 5단계 27.44%, 6단계 30.24%, 7단계 25.33%, 8단계22.25%, 9단계 22.80%, 10단계 20.85% 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 평균최대호흡수는 1단계 및 2단계를 제외하고 3단계 1.92%, 4단계 4.11%, 5단계 1.24%, 6단계 3.95%, 7단계 0.93%, 8단계 10.23%, 9단계 3.36%, 10단계 15.10% 증가되는 것으로 나타났다.

소방훈련시 화학보호복 착용에 따른 동작만족도 연구

방창훈,권정숙 한국화재소방학회 2020 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.34 No.3

The aim of this study was to investigate the wearing acceptability of chemical protective clothing during fires and toprovide basic data for the safety of firefighters. The results of the study were as follows: Wearer acceptabilities of chemicalprotective clothing under static movement (e.g., looking at the ceiling with maximum head bending, wrapping one’s armsaround oneself, sitting obliquely on the floor, and maintaining a crouching position) were 21.7%–47.8% lower than thoseof general uniforms. When wearing chemical protective suits, the acceptability under static movement was statistically low(p < .001). Wearer acceptabilities of chemical protective clothing under dynamic movement (e.g., running, lifting a heavyobject (20 kg) up to the waist, lifting and moving a heavy object (20 kg) by 1 m, lifting a stretcher and walking forward,and lifting a stretcher and walking backward) were 19.2%–47.8% lower than those of general uniforms. When wearingchemical protective suits, the acceptability under dynamic movement was also statistically low (p < .001). 본 연구는 소방훈련시 화학보호복 착용시 동작만족도를 분석하여 소방공무원의 안전을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 한다. 정적 동작만족도는 일반근무복에 비하여 화학보호복의 경우 21.7%~47.8% 정도 낮게 나타났다. 화학보호복 착용시 정적 동작자세에서는 고개 최대한 젖혀서 천장보기, 두팔 몸 앞에서 끌어안기, 비스듬히 굽혀 앉기, 과도하게 쪼그리고 앉기의 동작들이 낮게 나타났으며 통계적으로도 유의하게 낮은 결과를 보였다(p < .001). 동적 동작만족도는 일반근무복에 비하여 화학보호복의 경우 19.2%~47.8% 정도 낮게 나타났다. 화학보호복 착용시 동적 동작자세에서는 뛰기, 중량물 20 kg 허리까지 들어올리기, 중량물 20 kg 들어 1 m 옮기기, 들것 들고 앞으로 걷기, 들것들고 뒤로 걷기의 동작들이 낮게 나타났으며 통계적으로도 유의하게 낮은 결과를 보였다(p < .001).

해외 및 국내 화학보호복에 대한 열적성능 비교

박평규(Pyoung Kyu Park),남동군(Dong Gun Nam) 한국화재소방학회 2022 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.추계

2012년 구미 불산사고를 계기로 소방청에서도 화학사고대응 기준(소방용 화학보호복, 2014.4.10.제정)을 마련하였다. 2014 ~ 2021년 까지의 화학사고를 추이를 보면 누출(535건), 화재(42건), 폭발(55건) 및 기타(40건)가 전국적으로 발생되었다. 지역적으로 보면경기도가 가장 많은 분포를 보였고 다음으로 울산, 충남 및 전남 순으로 나타났다. 국내 소방용 화학보혹은 공기호흡기 내장형, 공기호흡기 외장형, 호흡보호구 외장형으로 분류하고 있으며 유럽규격인 EN 943-2과 미국규격 NFPA 1991 기준을 혼용하고 있다. 특히 소방용 화학보호복은 산업용 화학보호복보다 난연성 및 열방호성능과 같은 열적성능이 뛰어나야한다. 사용되는 원단은 난연고무/아라미드직물/베리어 필름, 테프론/아라미드부직포/테프론, 난연 베리어층/아라미드부직포 등으로 구성되어있다. 특히, 미국 D사의 화학보호복은 다층복합 필름(Barrier film)이 없이 난연 다층 베리어층과 아라미드부직포로 구성되어 중량이 280gsm으로 매우 경량화를 보이고 있으며 Dichloromethane을 제외한 14종 화학물질에 8시간 이상 방호성능을 보고하였다. 반면 독일 Drager사의 CPS 7900은 제품은 5중 원단으로 제품 무게를 5.8kg로 경량화하여 기존 제품보다 착용 편리성과 피로도를 향상시켰다. 본 연구에서는 선진 화학보호복과 소방용 화학보호복의 열적성능을 비교하며 향후 소방용 화학보호복의 성능개선을 위해 의견을 개진하고자 한다.