수직적 치조제 증강술후 발생하는 골흡수량에 관한 연구

전하룡(Ha-Ryong Jeon),김종원(Jong-Won Kim),권호범(Ho-Beom Kwon),이동환(Dong-Hwan Lee),홍종락(Jong-Rak Hong),김창수(Chang-Soo Kim) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2006 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Purpose: This study presents radiographic and laboratory analysis and comparison of bone resorption rate of grafted endochondral bone and intramembranous bone on the aspect of height and volumetric change. Patients and Methods: 18 partially edentulous patients who needed alveolar ridge augmentation for implant placement during the years 2002 to 2004 were selected for this study. Group A consisted of 5 males & 3 females who were treated with intraoral(intramembranous) bone and Group B consisted of 8 males & 2 females who were treated with iliac(endochondral) bone. Non-standard periapical X-ray was taken at day 1, 2 month, 4 months, 8 months after the surgery. Resorption rate of grafted bone were measured on these X-rays and compared. Also we calculated volume of grafted bone with models which was fabricated at 1.5 months, 6 months. Results: There was bone resorption in both groups. Group B showed more bone resorption than Group A. In Group A, the resorption rate according to the radiographic measurements was 9.81 %, and resorption rate according to volumetric measurement was 16.5 %. In group B, the resorption rate according to the radiographic measurements was 15.9 %, and resorption rate according to volumetric measurement was 30.6 %. Significant difference is on radiographic resorption of post-op 2, 4, 8 months on two groups (P < 0.05). Also significant difference is on volume resorption on two groups (P < 0.05) Conclusion: We found that more bone resorption occurred with iliac(endochondral) bone and when we use intraoral bone, that bone can maintain their vitality for alveolar ridge augmentation.

Interleukin-10 이 $interleukin-1{\beta}$로 유도되는 골흡수에 미치는 효과

유윤정,강윤선,이승일,Yu, Yun-Jung,Kang, Yun-Sun,Lee, Syng-Ill 대한치주과학회 1994 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.24 No.2

The cytokines released by osteoblasts induce bone resorption via the differentiation of osteoclast precursors. In this process, $interleukin-1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$)-induced bone resorption is mediated by granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulation factor(GM-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$) released from osteoblasts. Since these cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$) are produced by not only osteoblasts but also monocytes, and interleukin-10(I1-10) inhibits the secretion of these cytokines from monocytes, it may be speculated that IL 10 could modulate the production of GM-CSF, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ by osteoblasts, then control $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ bone resorption. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to examine the effects of IL-10 on bone resorption. The sixten or seventeen-day pregnant ICR mice were injected with $^{45}Ca$ and sacrificed one day after injection. Then fetal mouse calvaria prelabeled with $^{45}Ca$ were dissected out. In order to confirm the degree of bone resorption, mouse calvaria were treated with Lipopolysaccharide(LPS), $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, IL-8, $IL-1{\beta}$, and $IL-1{\alpha}$, Then, IL-10 and $interferon-{\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$) were added to calvarial medium, in an attempt to evaluate the effect of $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ bone resorption. In addition, osteoclasts formation in bone marrow cell cultures, and the concentration of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and GM-CSF produced from mouse calvarial cells were investigated in response to $IL-1{\beta}$ alone and simultaneously adding f $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-10. The degree of bone resorption was expressed as the ratio of $^{45}Ca$ release(the treated/the control). The osteoclasts in bone marrow cultures were indentified by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) stain and the concentration of the cytokines was quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent method. As results of these studies, bone resorption was induced by LPS(1 ng/ml ; the ratio of $^{45}Ca$ release, $1.14{\pm}0.07$). Also $IL-1{\beta}$(1 ng/ml), $IL-1{\alpha}$(1 ng/ml), and $TNF-{\alpha}$(1 ng/ml) resulted in bone resorption(the rations of $^{45}Ca$ release, $1.61{\pm}0.26$, $1.77{\pm}0.03$, $1.20{\pm}0.15$ respectively), but IL-8 did not(the ratio of $^{45}Ca$ release, $0.93{\pm}0.21$). The ratios of $^{45}Ca$ release in response to IL-10(400 ng/ml) and $IFN-{\gamma}$(100 ng/ml) were $1.24{\pm}0.12$ and $1.08{\pm}0.04$ respectively, hence these cytokines inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$(1 ng/ml)-induced bone resorption(the ratio of $^{45}Ca$ release $1.65{\pm}0.24$). While $IL-1{\beta}$(1 ng/ml) increased the number of TRAP positive multinulcleated cells in bone marrow cultures($20{\pm}11$), simultaneously adding $IL-1{\beta}$(1 ng/ml) and IL-10(400 ng/ml) decreased the number of these cells($2{\pm}2$). Nevertheless, IL-10(400 ng/ml) did not affect the IL-6, GM-CSF, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion from $IL-1{\beta}$(1 ng/ml)-activated mouse calvarial cells. From the above results, it may be suggested that IL-10 inhibites $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ osteoclast differntiation and bone resorption. However, the inhibitory effect of IL-10 on the osteoclast formation seems to be mediated not by the reduction of IL-6, GM-CSF, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production, but by other mechanisms.

Interleukin-1β induces bone resorption by regulation of prostaglandin E₂ synthesis and plasminogen activator activity, and TGF-β inhibits bone resorption of rat bone cells

Kim, Young-Hun,Lee, Young-Jun,Chung, Kyu-Rhim,Park, Young-Guk 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.6

골세포는 골대사에 영향을 미치는 다양한 성장인자와 싸이토카인을 생성하여 골 기질로 유리시킨다. 이 연구는 쥐의 장골 세포 배양 모델에서 recombinant human IL-1β가 PGE2 합성과 plasminogen activator의 활성 조절을 통한 골흡수 유도 기전의 일단을 구명하고, 이와 동시에 TGF-β에 의한 골흡수 억제 기전을 해명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 쥐의 장골 세포를 배양하여 통법의 골모세포 phenotype을 발현하는 세포를 분리하고 세포 배양능, alkaline phosphatase assay, PG assay, 골흡수능 측정들을 시행하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1.IL-1β는 쥐의 골모세포의 증식, PGE2 생성 및 palsmonogen activator의 활성을 촉진하였다. 2.IL-1β는 쥐의 골모세포에서의 alkaline phosphatase 활성을 감소시켰다. 3.rhIL-1β는 골 흡수를 촉진시켰다. 4.TGF-β는 쥐의 장골 세포에서 골의 흡수를 억제하였으며, Vitamin D3에 의하여 유도된 골 흡수를 억제하였다. 이상의 연구 결과는 IL-1β에 의한 골 파괴의 병인과 관련하여 골 세포 대사의 병리학적 조절에 있어서의 IL-1β의 역할을 지지하며, 이와 동시에 골 흡수 억제에 있어서의 TGF-β의 역할을 확인시켜주는 것으로 생각된다. Bone cells produce multiple growth factors and cytokines that hale effects on bone metabolism and can be incorporated into the bone matrix. The present study was designed to extend these observations by examining the interactions between transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) or interleukin-1β (rhIL-1β) and bone cells in a rat long bone culture model. IL-1β regulates several activities of the osteoblast cells derived from rat long bone explants in vitro. IL-1β stimulated cellular proliferation as well as the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and plasminogen activator activity in the cultured cells in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-β is present in the bone matrix and potentially released during bone resorption. TGF-β reduced basal bone resorption and inhibited vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]-Induced bone resorption in rat long bone cells. These results support the role of IL-1β in the pathological modulation of bone cell metabolism, with regard to implication in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by IL-1β, and that TGF-β positively inhibits the bone resorption.

Medial Tibial Periprosthetic Bone Resorption and Its Effect on Clinical Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Cobalt-Chromium vs Titanium Implants

Yoon, Chan,Chang, Moon Jong,Chang, Chong Bum,Song, Min Kyu,Shin, Jae Hoon,Kang, Seung-Baik Elsevier 2018 The Journal of arthroplasty Vol.33 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Recently, concerns arose over the medial tibial bone resorption of a novel cobalt-chromium implant. This study aimed at investigating the effects of tibial component material, design, and patient factors on periprosthetic bone resorption and at determining its association with clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 462 primary TKAs using 5 types of implants were included. To evaluate tibial periprosthetic bone resorption, we assessed radiolucent lines and change in bone mineral density at the medial tibial condyle (BMD<SUB>MT</SUB>). Factors related to bone resorption were assessed using regression analysis. Clinical outcomes were also evaluated with respect to periprosthetic bone resorption.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Compared to titanium implants, cobalt-chromium implants showed a higher incidence of complete radiolucent lines (23.1% vs 7.9% at 2 years post-TKA) and a greater degree of BMD<SUB>MT</SUB> reduction. However, there was no significant difference between the implants made of the same material. Increased medial tibial bone resorption was associated with male sex, osteoporosis, larger preoperative varus deformity, longer follow-up period, and lower body mass index. The periprosthetic bone resorption was not associated with clinical outcomes including changes in range of motion and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score. Furthermore, no cases warranted additional surgery.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Periprosthetic bone resorption was associated with implant material but not with implant design. Moreover, patient factors were related to the medial tibial bone resorption post-TKA. However, the periprosthetic bone resorption was not associated with short-term clinical outcomes. We contend that researchers should incorporate integrative considerations when developing and assessing novel implants.</P>

Retrospective Study of Bone Resorption after Maxillary Sinus Bone Graft

Moon, Ji-A,Cho, Min-Sung,Jung, Seung-Gon,Kook, Min-Suk,Park, Hong-Ju,Oh, Hee-Kyun Korean Academy of Dental Science 2011 Journal of korean dental science Vol.4 No.2

Purpose: This research sought to determine the resorption rate of bone grafted to the maxillary sinus according to the grafted material's type, patient's age, systemic disease, implant size, site of implant placement, and residual ridge height. Materials and Methods: This research targeted 24 patients who had immediate Osstem$^{(R)}$ implant (US Plus$^{(R)}$) placement after bone graft. The panorama was taken before the surgery, after the surgery, and 6 months after the surgery. Vertical height change and resorption rate of the grafted bone were measured with the same X-rays and compared. The influence of the following factors on the grafted bone material's resorption rate was evaluated: grafted material type, patient's age, systemic disease, implant size, site of implant placement, and residual ridge height. Results: Patients in their 40s had $34.0{\pm}21.1%$ resorption rate, which was significantly higher compared to the other age groups (P<0.05). There was no significant relationship between systemic disease and grafted bone resorption. There was no significant relationship between implant size (diameter, length) and grafted bone resorption. There was no significant relationship between the site of implant placement and grafted bone resorption. The ramal bone-grafted site was significantly more resorbed than the ramal bone/Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$-grafted site, maxillary tuberosity bone/Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$-grafted site, and ramal bone/maxillary tuberosity bone/Bio-Oss$^{(R)}$-grafted site (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the grafted bone resorption rate in the sinus between more than 4 mm and less than 4 mm residual ridge heights. After an average of 6 months, a second surgery was done; given an average follow-up of 1.9 years, the success rate and survival rate of the implant were 96.9% and 98.4%, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that the bone resorption rate of grafted bone among patients in their 40s is higher compared to patients in their 50s and over, and that only autogenous bone (ramus) shows higher resorption rate than the mixed graft of autogenous bone and xenogenous graft (Bio-oss) after maxillary sinus graft.

Quantification of Temporal Changes in 3D Osteoclastic Resorption Pit using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

전옥희,정수호,유영민,김경환,윤대성,김지현 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2012 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.9 No.1

Osteoclasts, cells responsible for bone resorption, generate 3D resorption pits by attaching to the bone surface and excavating the underneath bone matrix. Changes in trabecular bone microstructure due to these excavations may be detrimental to overall bone strength. However, most studies on bone resorption analyze osteoclastic activity using 2D staining techniques which do not correctly show the effects of a 3D resorption pit. Therefore, in this study, our goal was to (1) understand how osteoclastic bone resorption pits are generated temporally by focusing on the changes in resorptive area and resorptive depth and (2) understand how changes in the number of osteoclasts,increases in pit area and depth individually contribute to the eventual increases in overall resorption pit volume at each time period. We accurately measured the changes in resorption pit volume, depth, and area by using 3D confocal laser scanning microscopy and counted tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and pit number by using conventional 2D staining techniques at Day 7, 14, and 21 after osteoclasts were seeded on dentine slices (Day 0). Resorption pit numbers significantly increased by Day 7 and then decreased by Day 14 and the level was maintained until Day 21. The numbers of osteoclast per resorption pit are similar at Day 7 and Day 14 but the number significantly decreases at Day 21. Pit depth and pit volume both increased between Day 7 and Day 14 but only pit volume continued to increase between Day 14 and Day 21. These results indicate that up to Day 7, the dispersed osteoclasts generate many individual pits on various spots of the dentine surface. Between Day 7 and Day 14, several osteoclasts in the process of fusion appear to target a single pit and then the larger fused osteoclasts with more resorptive efficiency excavate resorption pits deeper resulting in the increase in pit volume. Between Day 14 and Day 21, osteoclastic bone-resorbing activities appear to be significantly decreased due to osteoclast degradation.

The efficacy of a double-layer collagen membrane technique for overlaying block grafts in a rabbit calvarium model

Kim, Su-Hwan,Kim, Do-Young,Kim, Kyoung-Hwa,Ku, Young,Rhyu, In-Chul,Lee, Yong-Moo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Clinical oral implants research Vol.20 No.10

<P>Abstract</P><P>Objectives</P><P>To analyze the outcomes of a single- and a double-layered collagen membrane on the efficacy of onlay block grafts in terms of bone resorption and augmentation.</P><P>Material and methods</P><P>A total of 36 New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Calvarial bone blocks were obtained from one side of the parietal bone and fixed on the contaralateral side. The onlay grafts were covered with either no (C group), one (M1 group), or two (M2 group) layers of a non-cross-linked collagen membrane (BioGide<SUP>®</SUP>). After 2, 4, and 6 months of healing, rabbits were sacrificed and explanted specimens were prepared for histologic and histomorphometric analysis. At each period, the overall pattern of graft bone resorption and membrane biodegradation were examined histologically, and the sustained external form of grafted bone (%) and the remaining mineralized bone volume (%) were measured histomorphometrically.</P><P>Results</P><P>The M1 and M2 groups exhibited decreased bone resorption compared with the C group at all periods. The M2 group had less graft resorption and a higher bone density of the grafted bone than the M1 group. In the M1 group, the collagen membrane was degraded partially or completely by 4 months and was absent at 6 months. Conversely, for the M2 group, the membrane body was retained up to 6 months.</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>Our results demonstrated that the collagen membrane used here can reduce graft bone resorption. Furthermore, the double-layer technique using non-cross-linked collagen membranes (BioGide<SUP>®</SUP>) can enhance the efficacy of the onlay block bone graft technique in terms of both bone resorption and augmentation compared with a single-layer collagen membrane.</P>

쥐의 골세포에서 PGE² 합성과 plasminogen activator 활성 조절에 의한 IL-ß의 골 흡수유도와 TGF-ß에 의한 골 흡수 억제 기전에 관한 연구

김영훈(Young-Hun Kim),이영준(Young-Jun Lee),정규림(Kyu-Rhim Chung),박영국(Young-Guk Park) 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.6

골세포는 골대사에 영향을 미치는 다양한 성장인자와 싸이토카인을 생성하여 골 기질로 유리시킨다. 이연구는 쥐의 장골 세포 배양 모델에서 recombinant human IL-1β가 PGE₂ 합성과 plasminogen activator의 활성 조적을 통한 골흡수 유도 기전의 일단을 구명하고, 이와 동시에 TGF-β에 의한 골흡수 억제 기전을 해명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 쥐의 장골 세포를 배양하여 통법의 골모세포 phenotype을 발현하는 세포를 분리하고 세포 배양능, alkaline phosphatase assay, PG assay, 골흡수능 측정들을 시행하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. IL-1β는 쥐의 골모세포 증식, PGE₂ 생성 및 palsmongen activator의 활성을 촉진하였다. 2. IL-1β는 쥐의 골모세포에서의 alkaline phosphatase활성을 감소시켰다. 3. rhIL-1β는 골 흡수를 촉진시켰다. 4. TGF-ILβ는 쥐의 장골 세포에서 골의 흡수를 억제하였으며, Vitamin D₃에 의하여 유도된 골 흡수를 억제하였다. 이상의 연구 결과는 IL-1β에 의한 골 파괴의 병인과 관련하여 골 세포 대사의 병리학적 조절에 있어서의 IL-1β의 역할을 지지하며, 이와 동시에 골 흡수 억제에 있어서의 TGF-β의 역할을 확인시켜주는 것으로 생각된다. Bone cells produce multiple growth factors and cytokines that have effects on bone metabolism and can be incorporated into the bone matrix. The present study was designed to extend these observations by examining the interactions between transforming growth factor-Il (TGF-β) or interleukin-1β (rhIL-1β) and bone cells in a rat long bone culture model. IL-1β regulates several activities of the osteoblast cells derived from rat long bone explants in vitro. IL-1β stimulated cellular proliferation as well as the synthesis of prostaglandin E₂and plasminogen .activator activity in the cultured cells in a dose-dependent manner. TGF-β is present in the bone matrix and potentially released during bone resorption. TGF-β reduced basal bone resorption and inhibited vitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃]-induced bone resorption in rat long bone cells. These results support the role.of IL-1β in the pathological modulation of bone cell metabolism, with regard to implication in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by IL-1β, and that TGF-β positively inhibits the bone resorption.

Propofol promotes osteoclastic bone resorption by increasing DC-STAMP expression

Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyung Joon,Baik, Seong Wan,Kim, Kyung-Hoon,Ryu, Sie Jeong,Kim, Cheul-Hong,Shin, Sang-Wook The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2018 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.18 No.6

Background: Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic which has antioxidant effects due to its similarity in molecular structure to ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. It has been reported that ${\alpha}$-tocopherol increases osteoclast fusion and bone resorption. Here, we investigated the effects of propofol on signaling pathways of osteoclastogenic gene expression, as well as osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Methods: BMMs were cultured with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) alone or M-CSF plus receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) in the presence of propofol ($0-50{\mu}M$) for 4 days. Mature osteoclasts were stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the numbers of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts were counted. To examine the resorption activities of osteoclasts, a bone resorption assay was performed. To identify the mechanism of action of propofol on the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts, we focused on dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), a protein essential for pre-osteoclastic cell fusion. Results: Propofol increased the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts. In addition, the bone resorption assay revealed that propofol increased the bone resorption area on dentin discs. The mRNA expression of DC-STAMP was upregulated most strongly in the presence of both RANKL and propofol. However, SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, significantly suppressed the propofol/RANKL-induced increase in mRNA expression of DC-STAMP. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that propofol enhances osteoclast differentiation and maturation, and subsequently increases bone resorption. Additionally, we identified the regulatory pathway underlying osteoclast cell-cell fusion, which was enhanced by propofol through p38-mediated DC-STAMP expression.

백서에서 방사선 국소 조사가 이식된 자가골 흡수에 미치는 영향

박병윤,이영호 大韓成形外科學會 1996 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.23 No.2

Bone grafts are commonly used in the reconstruction of bony defects as a result of bone tumor resection. While, postoperative radiotherapy is frequently indicated to prevent tumor recurrence, there are few reports on the effect of irradiation on bone grafts. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of postoperative irradiation on autogenous bone grafts of different embryonic origin. Using Sprague-Dawley rats (N=53), 3×5mm sized parietal calvarial bone grafts, and 2×5mm sized rib bone grafted were obtained, respectively. The obtained bones were grafted in onlay fashion, anteriorly and posteriorly on the opposite parietal bone. The rats were then divided smaller groups depending on the timing of irradiation after grafting; immediately after, 2 weeks after, 4 weeks after, 6 weeks after, cobalt 60 at 1.25Mev with a SSD of 80cm. A total of 36Gy was irradiated over 2 weeks. Specimens were obtained 3 months after completion of radiotherapy. Volumetric and his tologic studies were done. Statistical analysis was performed for significance. In the control group, the average resorption rate of the calvarial and rib bone grafts were 17.19% and 41.66%, respectively. The resorpion rate was reduced in the irradiated group, regardless of the difference in embryonic origin and interestingey the resorption rate of the (calvarial bone was more reduced than the rib graft.