흰쥐에 대한 생옻의 생물학적 효과

원태혁 ( Tai Hyok Won ),서필승 ( Phil Seung Seo ),박석돈 ( Seok Don Park ) 대한피부과학회 2009 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.47 No.3

Background: Exposure to Rhus (Japanese lacquer) can cause many adverse effects such as contact dermatitis, pruritus, rash and even hepatitis in human, and these effects can be caused by contact or ingestion of Japanese lacquer. Many Koreans currently eat Japanese lacquer boiled with chicken although it has many side effects. Koreans believe that Rhus will improve their health. However, they don`t known its adverse effects, and there is no experimental report on this topic. Objective: The principle objective of this study was to gather evidence on the toxicity and negative effects of Japanese lacquer through an experimental study with rats. Methods: A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study; 30 rats (experimental group) were given 0.1 ml of Japanese lacquer sap extract, water and food, and 30 rats (control group) were given only food and water. The WBC, the Hgb, ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine levels, the presence of pruritis and skin eruption, the skin biopsy findings and the liver biopsy findings were all checked at 5, 10, and 15 days. Results: The rats that were given Japanese lacquer sap showed a higher WBC and higher ALT and AST levels and only these rats demonstrated erythroderma (5th day: 30%, 10th day: 40%, 15th day: 70%). In addition, they exhibited frequently scratching behavior. On histological examination of the skin of the rats given Rhus, dermal edema and mild inflammatory cell infiltration were found. On histological examination of the liver of the rats given Rhus, there was no significant change as compared with the rats that weren`t given lacquer. Conclusion: In this experimental study, it was proven that Rhus could induce pruritis, erythroderma, skin inflammation and hepatotoxicity. (Korean J Dermatol 2009;47(3):251∼258)

크롬 노출에 의한 건강장해 및 생물학적 지표

노재훈,김치년 가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터 2000 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.39 No.3

Chromium exposure generally occurs through both environmental and work-related pollution. The exposure limit of chromium compounds should be set differently because the extent of its harmful effects on the body differs depending on its atomic valence and water solubility. The Korean Ministry of Labor classified chromium compounds into simply bichromium and chromic acid. Chromium compounds used as a pigment component are generally insoluble, have strong carcinogenic and toxic effects. Regardless of the large use of chromium compounds in pigment, most health-related interests have extended to plating and welding industries and relatively little to the pigment industry in Korea. Therefore, for proper health management of workers exposed to chromium compounds, including workers involved in pigment manufacturing, the exposure limits should be more specified. The ACGIH uses the urinary chromium concentration as the biological exposure index of manual metal arc welders, who are chronically exposed to chromium. The blood chromium concentration, however, has not been used as an exposure index because of the lack of useful data and analytic difficulties. Presently in Korea biological monitoring of chromium compounds does not account for the different compound types and exposure duration and uses both urinary and blood chromium concentrations selectively. The guidelines of worker's health examination sets the exposure limit of chromium at the end of the workday at 10 μg/g creatinine of urinary chromium, but the ACGIH recommends increasing during shift work at 10μg/g creatinine of urinary chromium. For a more accurate biological monitoring of chromium, more studies on the exposure limits of these agents, and on the revision and supplementation to Occupational Health and Safety Acts are needed.

도라지의 생산과 가공 향상에 관한 최신 연구 동향

이신우,조영손,신용욱 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2014 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.6

도라지는 세계적으로 1속1종만 알려져 있는 식물로 관상용으로 도 가치가 있는 대표적인 약용 및 식용식물이다. 경상남도에서 제 정된 토종농산물 보존·육성에 관한 조례에 도라지가 포함되는 등 국내에 자생하는 토종 도라지에 관한 관심이 증대되고 있으며 여기 에 최근 국내 도라지 최대 수출국이던 중국의 자국 내 도라지 수요 증가로 수출물량의 감소로 인해 국내의 재배면적 및 생산량이 증가 하고 있는 추세에 있다. 이러한 추세에 발 맞춰 장백도라지의 대량 증식을 위한 조직배양 및 순화 조건, 도라지 재배로 인한 토양의 화 학적 특성변화, 뿌리 썩음 방제, 수확 후 저장 및 가공과정에 관한 연 구결과가 보고되고 있다. 한편, 국내산 토종도라지는 지표물질로 알려진 platycodin D 가 중국산에 비해 현저히 적다는 것이 다수의 연구결과에 의해 입증되고 있다. 하지만 기존 발표된 연구결과를 종합 해 볼 때 도라지의 다양한 약리작용을 platycodin D 가 대표하 지는 않는다는 점이 뒷받침 되므로 국내산 도라지의 고유성분에 대 한 연구와 이를 증가시킬 수 있는 재배방법 및 가공방법에 대한 체 계적인 연구가 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 본 고 에서는 도라지의 기 원, 재배, 가공, 효능에 대해 분야별로 최근 보고된 연구결과를 종합 하여 다음과 같이 국내도라지 연구에 대한 방향을 제안하고자 한 다. 첫째, 외래종에 비해 토종 도라지는 사포닌이 platycodin D에 편중되지 않고 재배기간이 길어질수록, 측근이 발달할수록 극성이 큰 사포닌 생성이 되므로 이러한 사포닌에 대한 생체이용률을 높이 기 위해서는 발효 또는 가열처리에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 둘째, platycodin D가 항암연구에 집중되어 있다면 platycodin D 이외 의 국내산 도라지에 함유된 다양한 사포닌으로 콜레스테롤 감소효 과, 면역조절작용 및 기억력개선작용에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 셋 째, 도라지의 뿌리 이외에 지상부에 함유된 페놀성 화합물의 항산 화작용을 이용한 연구가 필요하다고 결론지을 수 있다. is native to Asia. In terms of popular culture of east asian country, BF has been in the limelight as flowers, medicine and food. Platycosides (saponins) from the roots of BF are reported to have a wide range of efficacy and characterized by a structure containing a triterpenoid aglycone and two sugar chains. Saponins from BF are of pharmaceutical significance, and their applications are increasing with evidence of their efficacy. As the cultivation area of BF is continually increased in Korea, research for preventing root rot incidence and nitogen fertilizer application on yield of saponin are reported and also storaging, steam heating and bio-transformational method are developed. There are several biological effects of compounds from BF. saponin from BF has cholesterol lowering effects, neuroprotective activity, cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, and polysaccharide has immuno-boosting effects and pheolic compounds from aerial part of BF has anti-oxidative effects. However, The purchase decision factor of consumers in market is cultivate year of BF and producing country are also important as contents of platycodins in BF. This paper reviews the origin of plants, harvest and post harvest processing methods that maximize the value in terms of efficacy of extracts and platicoside from BF

Platycosides from the Roots of Platycodon grandiflorum and Their Health Benefits

Elijah Nyakudya,Jong Hoon Jeong,Nam Keun Lee,Yong-Seob Jeong 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.19 No.2

The extracts and pure saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) are reported to have a wide range of health benefits. Platycosides (saponins) from the roots of PG are characterized by a structure containing a triterpenoid aglycone and two sugar chains. Saponins are of commercial significance, and their applications are increasing with increasing evidence of their health benefits. The biological effects of saponins include cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, neuroprotective activity, antiviral activity, and cholesterol lowering effects. Saponins with commercial value range from crude plant extracts, which can be used for their foaming properties, to high purity saponins such as platycodin D, which can be used for its health applications (e.g., as a vaccine adjuvant). This review reveals that platycosides have many health benefits and have the potential to be used as a remedy against many of the major health hazards (e.g., cancer, obesity, alzheimer’s) faced by populations around the world. Methods of platycoside purification and analysis are also covered in this review.

Platycosides from the Roots of Platycodon grandiflorum and Their Health Benefits

Nyakudya, Elijah,Jeong, Jong Hoon,Lee, Nam Keun,Jeong, Yong-Seob The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2014 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.19 No.2

The extracts and pure saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) are reported to have a wide range of health benefits. Platycosides (saponins) from the roots of PG are characterized by a structure containing a triterpenoid aglycone and two sugar chains. Saponins are of commercial significance, and their applications are increasing with increasing evidence of their health benefits. The biological effects of saponins include cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, neuroprotective activity, antiviral activity, and cholesterol lowering effects. Saponins with commercial value range from crude plant extracts, which can be used for their foaming properties, to high purity saponins such as platycodin D, which can be used for its health applications (e.g., as a vaccine adjuvant). This review reveals that platycosides have many health benefits and have the potential to be used as a remedy against many of the major health hazards (e.g., cancer, obesity, alzheimer's) faced by populations around the world. Methods of platycoside purification and analysis are also covered in this review.

Current Research Trends on Improvement of Balloon Flower Production and Processing

이신우,조영손,신용욱 인간식물환경학회 2014 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.6

Balloon flower (BF, Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A.DC.) is a monotypic species of the bellflower family (Campanulaceae), which is native to Asia. In terms of popular culture of east asian country, BF has been in the limelight as flowers, medicine and food. Platycosides (saponins) from the roots of BF are reported to have a wide range of efficacy and characterized by a structure containing a triterpenoid aglycone and two sugar chains. Saponins from BF are of pharmaceutical significance, and their applications are increasing with evidence of their efficacy. As the cultivation area of BF is continually increased in Korea, research for preventing root rot incidence and nitogen fertilizer application on yield of saponin are reported and also storaging, steam heating and bio-transformational method are developed. There are several biological effects of compounds from BF. saponin from BF has cholesterol lowering effects, neuroprotective activity, cytotoxic effects against cancer cells, and polysaccharide has immuno-boosting effects and pheolic compounds from aerial part of BF has anti-oxidative effects. However, The purchase decision factor of consumers in market is cultivate year of BF and producing country are also important as contents of platycodins in BF. This paper reviews the origin of plants, harvest and post harvest processing methods that maximize the value in terms of efficacy of extracts and platicoside from BF.

약물 관련 정보를 이용한 약물 부작용 예측

서수경(Sukyung Seo),이태건(Taekeon Lee),윤영미(Youngmi Yoon) 한국정보기술학회 2019 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.12

Side effects of drugs mean harmful and unintended effects resulting from drugs used to prevent, diagnose, or treat diseases. These side effects can lead to patients death and are the main causes of drug developmental failures. Thus, various methods have been tried to identify side effects. These can be divided into biological and systems biology approaches. In this study, we use systems biology approach and focus on using various phenotypic information in addition to the chemical structure and target proteins. First, we collect datasets that are used in this study, and calculate similarities individually. Second, we generate a set of features using the similarities for each drug-side effect pair. Finally, we confirm the results by AUC(Area Under the ROC Curve), and showed the significance of this study through a comparison experiment.

얼굴표정의 정서가 생물형운동의 처리에 미치는 맥락적 영향

김민희,김제중 한국인지및생물심리학회 2022 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.34 No.2

Contextual effects on emotion recognition have been well evidenced on various contextual stimuli. However, previous studies mostly focused on facial expressions. Although the facial expressions are important cue in emotional communication, bodily expressions are also one of the fundamental sources of emotional information especially when faces are hard to recognize. The present study examined contextual effects on emotional processing of the bodily expression. Given that the bodily expressions are inseparable from the facial expression, we aimed to examine contextual effects of faces on bodily expression. For bodily expression, we used point-light biological motion(BM) that depicts human movement and convey emotional information. In the affective priming paradigm, emotionally neutral BMs were presented as targets following the prime which was either happy, angry, or neutral face. To compare with the emotional processing of faces, the same experiment but with neutral face target was additionally conducted. Participants were told to rate emotional valence of the targets. The results showed that both the BM and face targets were affected by priming effects. Notably, the effects were much greater on BM than the face targets, indicating that BM was more influenced by contextual emotion. These suggest that BM perception may need greater integration of the emotional contextual information possibly due to insufficient its own emotional information compared to faces. To summarize, the present study newly revealed the affective contextual effect of facial expression on BM, and identified distinct property of emotional valence convey by BM compared with facial expressions. 정서 재인에 있어서 맥락의 효과는 다양한 맥락자극을 사용한 연구들에서 입증되어 왔다. 그러나, 정서에 관한 대부분의 연구는 얼굴표정에 초점을 두고 수행되었다. 얼굴표정이 정서적 상호작용에서 매우 중요한 단서임은 틀림없으나, 신체표현 역시 정서 정보의 중요한 출처가 된다. 본 연구에서는 신체표현의 정서정보 처리에 작용하는 맥락의 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히, 신체표현은 얼굴표정과 분리해서 생각하기 어려운 만큼, 얼굴표정의 정서 정보가 신체표현에 미치는 맥락적 영향을 정서 점화 과제를 통해 알아보았다. 신체 움직임을 나타내는 자극으로는 점광생물형운동(BM)자극을 사용하였다. 첫 번째 과제에서는 분노, 중립 또는 행복정서를 나타내는 얼굴표정이 점화자극으로 짧게 주어진 후 정서중립 BM자극이 표적으로 제시되었고, 참가자들은 BM자극이 어떤 정서가를 가지는 것으로 보이는지를 판단하였다. 또한, 선행연구들이 얼굴표정의 처리에 초점을 맞추어 온 점을 고려하여, 동일한 과제에서 중립얼굴을 표적자극으로 사용한 과제를 실시하였다. 마지막으로, 정서가를 가진 BM에 대한 정서 평정 과제를 실시하여 그 결과를 첫 번째 과제와 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 정서를 가진 얼굴 점화자극은 얼굴 표적자극뿐만 아니라, BM자극의 정서가 판단에도 점화자극의 정서와 일치하는 방향으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 이 효과는 분노 및 행복정서 모두 BM자극에서 얼굴 자극보다 더 크게 나타났다. 본 연구는 BM자극에 정서적 얼굴표정이 미치는 효과를 확인한 것과, 얼굴자극과의 비교를 통해 BM자극이 전달하는 정서가의 특성을 밝힌 점에서 의의가 있다.

지상무기효과분석모델(AWAM)을 활용한 워리어 플랫폼 지능형 조절 시스템 생존 효과도에 관한 연구

권영진,김태양,채제욱,김주희 한국군사과학기술학회 2020 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Survivability in a battle field is the most important aspect to the warriors. To analyze the survival effectiveness of warrior platform, the simulation via war-game model is an essential step in advance to the development of platform. In this study, Army Weapon effectiveness Analysis Model(AWAM) was utilized for analysis. Several weapon parameters were adjusted to apply the characteristics of warrior platform in some cases of the defense and survival system. Especially, adjusted triage possibility, probability of kill, fatality and accuracy were employed as parameters in the simulation program to evaluate the survival effectiveness of intelligent system based on the previous researches. In the future battle field or virtual space in the AWAM, the warrior platform intelligent system could react emergency treatment on time by expoiting the bio-information of man at arms. Considering the order of supply priority, special force was selected as operating troops and battle scenario without engagement was selected to measure accurate survival effectiveness. In conclusion, the survivability of

대기오염 역학연구의 주요 쟁점들

하은희,권호장,Ha, Eun-Hee,Kwon, Ho-Jang 대한예방의학회 2001 예방의학회지 Vol.34 No.2

우리는 이 글에서 대기오염의 건강영향, 특히 사망에 대한 역학 연구 결과를 해석하는데 논란이 되고 있는 쟁점들을 고찰하였다. 과거 런던스모그 때와 같은 극심한 대기오염 사건 때는 그로 인한 건강영향도 매우 자명하여 별다른 논란의 소지가 없었다. 그러나 오늘날 우리가 경험하는 수준의 대기오염은 눈에 바로 띨 정도의 건강영향을 초래하지는 않기 때문에 많은 연구에서 관찰되는 통계적 유의성이 인과적 관련성을 의미하는지에 대한 많은 논란이 있다. Hill의 인과성기준에 비추어 대기오염에 관한 역학 연구 결과들을 평가해보면 각 기준 별로 부합되는 소견과 그렇지 않은 소견이 같이 존재하지만 전체적으로는 인과적인 관련성을 지지하는 증거들이 많은 편이다. 특히 세계 여러 지역에서 수행된 연구들에서 공통된 결과들이 나오는 것이 인과성을 지지해주는 강력한 근거라고 할 수 있다. 대기오염이 사망을 증가시킨다고 가정할때 구체적으로 어떤 병태 생리적인 기전을 통해서 증가시키는지는 아직 충분히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 현재까지의 역학연구 결과들과 동물실험 결과들을 종합해보면 대기오염 물질이 일차적으로 폐포에 염증을 유발하고 이에 따라 이차적으로 혈장의 응고성이 증가하거나, 심장에 대한 자율신경조절에 이상이 생겨서 사망위험이 증가한다는 가설이 가장 폭넓은 지지를 받고 있다. 시계열분석에서 나타나는 대기오염에 의한 초과사망자들이 어떤 특성을 가지고 있는지에 대한 논란도 많다. 대기오염이 아니더라도 곧 사망할 사람들이 대기오염 때문에 몇 일 앞당겨 사망한다는, 즉 추수효과에 의한 것이라는 것이 상식적인 판단이지만 최근의 연구들은 추수효과 외에도 대기오염에 의해 실질적인 수명의 감소가 있다는 증거들을 제시하고 있다. 대기오염 물질과 사망의 양-반응 관계가 어떤 모양일지, 그리고 문턱값이 존재하는지의 여부도 중요한 관심사이다. 특히 문턱값의 존재 여부는 대기오염 관리 대책과도 밀접한 관계가 있다. 대기환경 기준을 정해서 대기오염 수준을 관리하는 현재의 대책은 문턱간의 존재를 전제하고 있기 때문이다. 그러나 현재까지의 증거를 종합해보면 대기오염과 사망의 관련성은 문턱값이 없는 선형적 관계일 가능성이 높다. 따라서 향후 대기오염 관리대책에서는 대기오염 물질의 평균농도를 낮추려는 노력을 병행하여야 할 것을 생각한다. The purpose of this review is to discuss the debate concerning the interpretation of epidemiologic studies on particles and health effects. Study of the 1952 air pollution disaster in London established that very high levels of particulate-based smog can cause dramatic increases in daily mortality. However, recent epidemiologic studies have reported statistically significant health effects and mortality due to low levels of air pollution. The statistical significance does not prove causation in observational studies; therefore it is necessary to evaluate these associations. There are arguments for and against each of the numerous studies using Hill's criteria, however the body of accepted evidence supports the causal association. In particular, a high level of consistency in the estimated effect of PM10 has been observed across studies worldwide. The mechanism of the relationship between air pollution and health effects is not obvious. The mechanism of particle-induced injury may involve the production of an inflammatory response by the particulate. The harvesting and the threshold effect are also major concerns regarding the health effects of air pollution. However, current epidemiologic findings indicate that linear models lacking a threshold are appropriate for assessing the effect of particulate air pollution on daily mortality even at current levels.