성숙기간과 후숙기간을 달리한 대목용 박(Lagenaria siceraria Standl.) 종자의 발아율

오대근,우영회,전진우,Oh, D.G.,Woo, Y.H.,Chun, J.W. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2018 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.20 No.2

This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of after-ripening of gourd fruits before seed collection. Five varieties of commercial gourd varieties were cultivated and the fruits were picked after 24, 31, 50, and 70 days from pollination. For after-ripening treatments the fruits were placed for five days in a cool, air-circulated place while a number of fruits were placed for longer periods to 85 days including growing period, 24 + 62 days, 31 + 55 days, 50 + 35 days, and 70 + 15 days. The seeds collected from fruits harvested on 24^th day were not emerged at all, but the seeds from after-ripening treatment for 62 days showed 78% emergence or higher. The growth of seedlings showed the effects of after-ripening treatment of the fruits before seed collection; the seeds collected after ripening treatment showed better hypocotyl growth and larger embryo size than the non-treated seeds.

Determination of the Harvest Date and Ripening Phase of ‘Seolhyang’ Strawberry

Sae Jin Hong(홍세진),Hyang Lan Eum(엄향란) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2020 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구는 ‘설향’ 딸기의 수확시기에 따른 품질 특성을 확인하고, 상온(20°C )・cold-chain(10-12°C)・저온(5°C) 유통에 적합한 숙성단계를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 딸기는 12월 20일부터 5월 9일까지 6번에 걸쳐서 수확하였다. 딸기를 수확할 때 적합한 숙성 정도는 3월까지는 경도 2.9-3.0 N, 당도 8.6 °Brix 이상이었으나, 4월 이후에는 당도가 감소하였다. 딸기의 숙성을 결정하는 주요 요인은 붉게 착색된 정도이고, Hunter a 값은 32-37, hue angle은 36-45°였다. 딸기의 후숙 실험에서 숙성 정도는 딸기의 착색이 진행되는 정도에 따라서 결정되었으며, 상온에서는 10%/day, 10-12°C에서는 5%/day, 5°C에서는 3%/day씩 착색이 진행되었다. 따라서 상온에서 유통할 경우에는 80%, cold-chain ・ 저온에서 유통하기 위해서는 90%의 착색된 과실을 수확하여야 유통하는 동안 상품성이 유지되었다. 그리고 상온에서는 70% 이하로 착색된 딸기를 유통하거나, 저온에서는 80% 이하로 착색된 딸기를 유통하는 경우에는 100% 착색이 이루어지지 않고 상품성을 잃었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of ripe fruit based on harvest date and to examine the ripening phase of ‘Seolhyang’ strawberry suitable for room temperature, cold-chain, and low temperature distribution. The strawberries were harvested six times between December 20 to May 9. The appropriate maturity of strawberries is characterized by the firmness of approximately 2.9–3.0 N, and SSC remained above 8.6 °Brix until March and declined after April. The quality index values that determine the maturity stage of strawberries should be red color, Hunter a value ranging from 32 to 37, and hue angle of 36-45°. For the after-ripening experiment, the progression rate of the ripening stage determined based on strawberry color was 10%/day at room temperature, 5%/day at 10-12°C, and 3%/day at 5°C. Thus, strawberries should be harvested at 80% coloring stage for distribution at room temperature and at least 90% for low temperature storage to maintain the merchantability. Besides, strawberries harvested at 70% coloring stage at room temperature and strawberries harvested below 80% coloring stage at low temperatures below 5°C had lost commercial value before reaching 100% coloring stage.

매실의 저장과 후숙에 따른 물성 변화

김정실,오임경,허창기,하호경 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2023 농업생명과학연구 Vol.57 No.1

Prunus mume, which has been widely used as food and herbal medicine since ancient times, is a climacteric fruit and undergoesafter-ripening within a few days after harvesting, such as yellowing and softening. In this study, we investigated the physical and chemicalchanges of P. mume according to storage at room temperature, refrigeration, and freezing to compare the changes in quality and nutritionby after-ripening. When we considered the time required for a change of more than 10-15% compared to the physical properties ofP. mume on the harvest date, the change was not clearly affected by the chromaticity difference on the harvest date throughout thestorage period. The decrease in hardness on the experimental date compared to the harvest date was most noticeable under all temperatureconditions. The changes in chromaticity and malic acid progressed rapidly, but there was little change in soluble solids and pH. Achange in physical properties of less than 10% may maintain the quality of P. mume by storing it at room temperature within about4 days and refrigeration within about 20 days. In the case of frozen storage, chromaticity and hardness changed rapidly in the beginningof storage, but other properties were generally maintained for a long period of time over 5 months. Hence, the results of this study,suggest that the storage method of P. mume and the appropriate time to use should be determined by considering of changes in physicaland chemical properties according to storage conditions.

다양한 파장의 LED 조사를 통한 참다래 과실의 산 함량 조절

백광현(Kwang-Hyun Baek),장명환(Myung Hwan Jang),곽용범(Yong Bum Kwack),이세원(Se Weon Lee),윤해근(Hae Keun Yun) 한국청정기술학회 2010 청정기술 Vol.16 No.2

참다래(‘헤이워드’) 과실을 저온 및 상온 저장 중에, 여러 다른 파장의 light emitting diode (LED) 광원을 조사한 후 과실의 경도, 당도 및 산함량의 변화를 분석하였다. 과실 경도는 4℃보다 25℃에서 크게 감소하였고, 1주 동안 LED 파장을 조사했을 때, 440 nm와 660 nm의 LED 광원을 처리한 참다래가 암실처리 보다 경도가 높게 유지되었고 380 nm UV등과 470 nm 백색 LED를 처리한 과실은 암실의 조건에 비하여 경도가 낮게 조사되었다. 밀봉을 한 참다래는 공기 중에 개방된 참다래보다 모든 처리구에서 경도가 더 높았다. 당도는 25℃에서 공기 중에 개방한 경우, 470 nm 백색 LED 처리구에서는 낮게 나타났으나 암조건과 380nm UV등 처리에서는 15℃Brix 이상을 나타내었다. 참다래 과실의 산함량은 660 nm 적색 LED 처리구에서 52% 감소하였다. 밀봉된 참다래에서 440 nm 청색 LED, 470 nm 백색 LED, 660 nm 적색 LED 광원을 처리하였을 때, 암실에 놓여진 참다래보다 산함량이 각각 52.6, 55.6 및 52.8% 감소하였다. 참다래에 대한 다양한 파장의 LED 조사효과 중에서, 산함량의 감소는 향후 참다래 과실의 수확 후 후숙기간을 조절하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다. LED 광원은 정확하고 매우 좁은 영역의 파장을 적은 용량의 전력 소모량으로 구현하기 때문에 대표적인 청정 기술로 분류되며, 이러한 LED 광원을 이용한 참다래 과실의 산도 조절은 기존의 에틸렌 등의 화학물 처리보다 안전한 친환경 과실을 생산할 수 있는 청정기술이라 평가된다. The physiological roles of various wavelength of light emitting diode (LED) on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit experiencing after-ripening were investigated. Various wavelengths from LED light source were irradiated on kiwifruits kept in plastic bags or under open air at 25℃. During two weeks of storage, firmness of Hayward kiwifruits was decreased by 25℃ treatment than by 4℃ treatment. In the 25℃ storage condition, the firmness of kiwifruits was decreased by the treatment of 380 nm UV and 470nm white LED light source. Sweetness of kiwifruits treated with 380 nm UV LED and dark condition at 25℃ increased higher than 15℃Brix. The acidity of kiwifruits under open air was decreased 52% by incubating at 25℃ with 660 nm red LED treatment. The acidity of kiwifruits in plastic bags was decreased 52.6, 55.6, 52.8% by the treatment of 440 nm blue, 470 nm white and 660 nm red LED light source, respectively, compared to that of kiwifruits incubated in darkness at 25℃. Decreased acidity irradiated by 660 nm red LED light source can be applied for regulating periods of the kiwifruit after-ripening process. LED light sources emit very narrow wavelength with a power-saving mode, therefore, the usage of these LED light source for regulating the after-ripening process can be classified as a clean biotechnology producing safe and environment-friendly kiwifruits.

에틸렌발생 타블렛이 토마토 후숙에 미치는 효과 검증

박도수 ( D S Park ),정천순 ( C S Jeong ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2015 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구는 에틸렌 가스와 개발한 에틸렌 발생 타블렛을 토마토 수확후 후숙에 대한 효과를 비교하기 위해 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 색도 변화는 에틸렌 및 타블렛처리구가 대조구에 비해 착색이 빠르게 진행되었다. Hunter ``a`` 값의 경우 수확직후 -13.69에서 저장 3일 대조 구는 -3.78로 증가한 반면, 에틸렌 처리구 7.93, 타블렛처리구 8.65로 큰 폭으로 증가했다. 경도변화는 8.02 N에서 처리직후 대조구는 5.06 N, 에틸렌 처리구 2.78 N, 타블렛 처리구 3.26 N으로 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 감소폭이 크게 나타났다. 또한, 라이코펜 함량 또한 대조구에 비해큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 에틸렌 발생 타블렛과 에틸렌 가스 처리가 토마토 수확후 후숙에 미치는 효과는 유사하였고, 15℃ 보다는 25℃ 조건에서 처리효과가 명확하게 나타났다. This study was carried out existing shortcomings ethylene treatment to supplement ethylene producing tablet development and verify the effects on tomato ripening. The coloring was speeding in ethylene gas and ethylene producing tablet treatment group compared to the control group. In case of hunter ``a``, the store three days control group increased from -13.69 to -3.78. On the other hand, ethylene treatment 7.93, ethylene producing tablet 8.65, has increased significantly. In case of firmness, the store one days control group decreased from 8.02 N to 5.06 N. Ethylene gas treatment group 2.78 N, ethylene producing tablet treatment group 3.26 N, declined immediately after harvest in the 8.02 N. Lycopene content also increased significantly compared to the control group. Ethylene gas and ethylene producing tablet effect on the tomato ripening were similar. The treatment effect of 25℃ was clear than 15℃.

한반도 특산식물 한라개승마 종자의 생리적휴면과 발아특성

백진주,권학철,이승연 한국화훼학회 2022 화훼연구 Vol.30 No.3

Aruncus aethusifolius (H. Lév.) Nakai, an endemic species in Korea, can be used as an ornamental and medicinal crop. A seed propagation protocol for A. aethusifolius was developed in this study. The seeds used in the experiment were harvested at the Hantaek Botanical Garden on November 3, 2019. Seeds were also obtained from living collections in a genetic resources plot at Andong National University on November 10, 2020. The seeds were detached from the parent plant and started to germinate in March of the following year. The seeds of A. aethusifolius had fully developed embryos at maturity. Within 3 h of the water uptake test, the weight increased by more than 25% compared with that of the initial dry state, confirming that physical dormancy was absent. The germination rate of A. aethusifolius seeds was higher under light conditions than under dark conditions, according to the temperature germination test. Less than 20% of the seeds germinated under dark conditions. Therefore, the seeds are photoblastic and can thus form a soil seed bank. Regarding the GA experiment, the effects of seeds harvested in 2019 and those harvested in 2020 differed. Additionally, the number of days required for germination was found to be earlier as the period of cold stratification treatment increased. However, the germination rate of the seeds in 2020 was low; thus, the germination rate did not exceed 40%, even after 12 weeks of low-temperature treatment. The after-ripening treatment period affected the germination of A. aethusifolius seeds. The experimental results revealed a difference in germination rate between seeds harvested in 2019 and those harvested in 2020, which was attributed to mother plant environmental conditions. 한라개승마(Aruncus aethusifolius (H.Lév.) Nakai)는 관상용 및 약용 식물로 이용이 될 가능성이 있는 한국 고유종이다. 그러나 종자에 의한 번식에 대해서는 알려진 바가 거의없다. 이 연구는 한라개승마의 종자번식 프로토콜을 개발하기위해 수행되었다. 실험에 사용된 종자는 2019년 11월 3일 한택식물원에서 채종하였으며, 안동대학교 유전자원포지에서 관리하던 식물체에서 2020년 11월 10일에 채종하였다. 한라개승마 종자는 완전히 성숙한 배를 가지고 있었다. 종자는 모식물체에서 탈리되고 이듬해 3월부터 발아하기 시작하였다. 수분흡수실험 3시간 이내에 초기 건조상태의 무게 대비 25% 이상 무게가 증가하여 물리적휴면이 없는 것을 확인하였다. 명암 조건에서의 온도별 발아시험 결과, 한라개승마 종자의 발아율은 암조건보다 명조건에서 높았고, 명암 조건 모두 4°C에서 발아하지 않았다. 따라서 종자는 광발아종자이므로 soil seed bank를 형성할 가능성이 있다. GA 실험의 경우 2019년수확한 종자와 2020년 수확한 종자의 효과가 다르게 나타났다. 저온습윤처리 기간이 길어질수록 발아소요일이 앞당겨지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 2020년도 종자는 발아율이 낮아서 12주간의 저온습윤처리 이후에도 발아율이 40%를 넘지 못했다. 그리고 후숙처리 기간은 한라개승마 종자의 발아에 영향을 미쳤다. 실험결과 2019년 수확한 종자와 2020년 수확한종자의 발아율 차이가 확인되었다. 이는 모식물체의 생육 환경에 따른 영향으로 판단된다.

Influence of after-ripening environments on the germination characteristics and seed fate of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

Minoru Ichihara,Masayuki Yamashita,Hitoshi Sawada,Yoichi Kida,Motoaki Asai 한국잡초학회 2009 Weed Biology and Management Vol.9 No.3

Seed Germination of Carex neurocarpa Maxim. is Promoted by Fluctuating Temperatures and Seed Scarification

Ryoung Eun Kim,Hyun Hwan Jung,Ki Sun Kim 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.3

This study was conducted to clarify the process of dormancy breaking and germination physiology of Carex neurocarpa seed and then to determine the effective methods for enhancing its germination in order to use this species as a unique ornamental grass. Seeds of C. neurocarpa needed after-ripening period to germinate under the condition of constant temperature. However, germination response was significantly improved by fluctuating temperatures (24/20, 26/22, or 28/20℃), compared with constant temperature (24℃). Moreover, up to 90% of germination percentage was achieved by chemical scarification with KOH, NaOCl, or NaOH, followed by fluctuating temperatures. After-ripening period or combination of chemical scarifying treatment (12% NaOCl or 20% KOH for 60 min or 10% NaOH for 30 min) with fluctuating temperatures (24/20, 26/22, or 28/20℃) is recommended as an effective practice to improve germination of C. neurocarpa.

II분과 : 에틸렌 처리와 저장조건에 따른 “오텀센스” 다래의 저장성및 품질특성 변화

오성일 ( Sung Il Oh ),김철우 ( Chul Woo Kim ),김만조 ( Mahn Jo Kim ) 한국임학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.3

본 연구는 에틸렌 처리와 저장조건에 따른 ‘오텀센스’ 다래의 저장성과 품질 변화를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 다래의 저장 중 품질변화를 관찰한 결과, 48시간과 96시간동안 에틸렌을 처리한 모든 처리구에서 경도는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 급격히 감소하였으나, 당도는 급격히 증가하였다. 산도는 모든 처리구에서 0.7~1.4%수준으로 나타났다. 저장기간 동안 다래의 중량감소율을 조사한 결과, 48시간동안 에틸렌을 처리하고 저장한 다래는 저장24일 동안 20℃저장구에서 30.9%로 가장 높았으며, 2℃에 상대습도 90%저장구에서 5.9%로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 96시간동안 에틸렌을 처리하고 저장한 다래는 저장 22일 동안 20℃저장구에서 29.4%, 4℃저장구에서 20.7%, 2℃저장구에서 12.1% 그리고 2℃에 상대습도 90%저장구에서 6.0% 감소하였다. 저장기간 동안 다래의 식미는 모든 처리구에서 증가하다 감소하였다. 특히 20℃저장구는 저장 초기에 급격히 증가하다 감소하였고, 2℃에 상대습도 90%저장구는 저장 18일 후에 감소하였다. 부패율은 모든 처리구에서 저장기간 동안 증가하였으며, 20℃저장구는 저장 2일후, 2℃에 상대습도 90%저장구는 16일부터 급격히 증가하였다. 따라서, 2℃에 상대습도 90%의 저장조건이 다래의품질을 유지하는데 효과적일 것으로 판단되며, ‘오텀센스’ 다래의 적정 저장조건과 후숙시기를 판단할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. This study was investigated the changes of storability and quality characteristics of ‘Autumn Sense’hardy kiwifruit according to ethylene treatment and storage condition. In the results of investigation of changesin hardy kiwifruit quality during storage period, hardness of ethylene treated hardy kiwifruit during 48 and 96hours was rapidly decreased, but soluble solid content was rapidly increased with the passing of storage periodin all treatment groups. The total acid was estimated from 0.7 to 1.4% with storage period in all treatmentgroups. In the results of investigation of the weight loss rate, ethylene treated hardy kiwifruit during 48 hourswas the highest 30.9% in storage at 20oC and lowest 5.9% in storage at 2oC with a relative air humidity ofabout 90% during storage at 24 days. Ethylene treated hardy kiwifruit during 96 hours was decrease 29.4% instorage at 20oC, 20.7% in storage at 4oC, 12.1% in storage at 2oC, and 6.0% in storage at 2oC with a relativeair humidity of about 90% during storage at 22 days. The taste of hardy kiwifruit during storage was reducedto increase in all treatment groups. Particularly, storage at 20oC was rapidly reduced to increase in the earlystorage and storage at 2oC with a relative air humidity of about 90% was decrease after storage at 18 days. Therotten rate during storage was increased in all treatment groups, storage at 20oC was after storage at 2 days andstorage at 2oC with a relative air humidity of about 90% was rapidly increased after storage at 16 days. Thus,it can be recommended that storage at 2oC with a relative air humidity of about 90% is good to maintainquality. Also, we will decide optimal storage condition and after-ripening time of ‘Autumn Sense’ hardykiwifruit.

개미가 종자를 산포하는 춘계단명식물 깽깽이풀과 현호색의 전파체, 종자산포 및 발아 특성

김회진,김갑태 한국환경생태학회 2017 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.31 No.6

개미가 종자를 분산시키는 춘계단명식물 깽깽이풀과 현호색의 전파체 특성, 종자분산 및 발아특성을 밝히고자, 2014년 4월부터 2015년 6월까지 열매 수집, 전파체의 전처리에 따른 포장발아율을 조사하였다. 깽깽이풀의 전파체는5mm 정도의 황갈~암갈색의 장타원형 종자에 부정형의 백색 지방체가 붙어 있고, 전파체는 15.86mg, 종자는 13.46mg, 지방체는 2.40mg 등의 평균값을 보였으며 지방체의 중량비는 15.13% 였다. 현호색 전파체는 지름이 1.2mm 정도의광택이 나는 검은색 난형의 종자에 주걱형의 백색 지방체가 붙어 있고, 전파체는 2.58mg, 종자는 2.05mg, 지방체는0.53mg 등의 평균값을 보였으며, 지방체의 중량비는 20.54% 였다. 털왕개미와 곰개미가 깽깽이풀 전파체를 물어가고, 곰개미와 고동털개미가 현호색 전파체를 물어갔다. 깽깽이풀의 발아율은 지방체 제거 유무에 무관하며, 전처리와 파종시기 간에는 1% 유의수준에서 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 6월 20일에 파종에서, 깽깽이풀은 평균 발아율은 65%, 8월 19일 파종에서는 17.50%, 10월 20일 파종에서는 전혀 발아하지 않았다. 현호색의 발아율은 지방체 제거 유무간에 5%, 파종시기 간에는 1% 유의수준에서 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 무처리구에서 평균 54.17%가 발아하였고, 지방체를 제거한 처리구에서 평균 35.0%가 발아하였다. 6월 20일에 파종에서 발아율은 75%, 8월 19일 파종에서53.75%, 10월 20일 파종에서 5.0%가 발아하였다. 개미가 종자를 분산시키는 춘계단명 식물종의 발아는 성숙하여종자가 낙하하는 시기에 개미들이 개미집으로 부지런히 물어가는 것을 고려할 때 채종 후 곧바로 파종하는 것이 이들식물종들이 진화해온 특성에 적합한 방법이며, 가장 높은 발아율을 확보할 수 있는 방법이라 판단된다. 개미가 종자를분산시키는 춘계단명 식물종들은 개미와의 상리공생을 위하여 지방체를 생산하여 종자에 부착하고, 개미에 의하여적온적습한 환경조건, 개미집,으로 이동되어 배가 충분히 자라서 이듬해 봄에 발아에 성공하는 것이라 판단된다. This study examined the germination characteristics by collecting fruits and pretreatment of the diaspore from April 2014 to June 2015 to investigate the diaspore characteristics, seed dispersion, and seed germination characteristics of two myrmecochorous spring ephemerals (MCSE): -Jeffersonia dubia (Jb) and Corydalis remota (Cr)-. The diaspore of Jb was about 5mm-long yellow-dark brown, oblong seeds with the attached amorphous white elaiosome. The mean weights of diaspore, seed, and elaiosome were 15.86mg, 13.46mg, and 2.40mg, respectively, and the elaiosome ratio was 15.13%. The diaspore of Cr was about 1.2mm diameter and glossy black ovoid seeds with the attached white spatula-shaped elaiosome. The mean weights of diaspore, seed, and elaisome were 2.58mg, 2.05mg, and 0.53mg, respectively, and the elaiosome ratio was 20.54%. Camponotus niponensis and Formica japonica transported the diaspore of Jb while Formica japonica and Lasius japonicus transported the diaspore of Cr. The germination percentage of Jb seeds was statistically significant and had the significance level of 1% with the pretreatment and date of sowing. However, it was independent of attachment of elaiosome. The mean germination percentages of Jb seeds was 65.0% during sowing on June 20, 17.5% during sowing on August 19, and 0% during sowing on October 20. The germination percentage of Cr was statistically significant and had the significance level of 5% and 1% with the attachment of elaisome and date of sowing, respectively. The mean germination rates were 54.17% and 35.0% in the non-treatment section and the treatment section with elaisome detached, respectively. The mean germination percentages of Cr seeds was 75.0% during sowing on June 20, 53.75% during sowing on August 19, and 5.0% during sowing on October 20. Considering the fact that the ants transported the diaspores to the ant house when the fruits of MCSE were ripened and dropped the seeds, the direct seeding right after collecting may be most suitable to the characteristics of the evolution of these plant species and may be the best method to obtain the highest germination percentages. Since the ants distribute their seeds, the MCSE produces and attaches the elaiosome to the seed to maintain the symbiotic relationship with ants. The ants then transport the seed to the ant house where the environment is controlled for suitable temperature and humidity, and then the MCSE succeeds in germination after the embryo grows sufficiently in the next spring.