Phospholipids from Bombycis corpus and Their Neurotrophic Effects

권학철,정연,조세연,조옥련,양민철,이성옥,허진영,김선유,양종범,이강노 대한약학회 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.6

Three phospholipids (4-6) and three aromatic amines (1-3) were obtained from the methanol extract of Bombycis corpus. Based on spectral data, their structures have been elucidated as nicotiamide (1), cytidine (2), adenine (3), 1-O-(9 Z-octadecenoyl)-2-O-(8 Z,11 Z-octadecadienoyl)- sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (4), 1,2-di-O-hexadecanoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (5) and 1,2-di-O-9 Z-octadecenoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (6). We examined the effects of compounds on synthesis of NGF in cultured astrocytes. By RT-PCR analysis, expresison of NGF mRNA in astrocytes cultured in serum-starvation increased after the addition of phospholipid (10 mM). The NGF content in the culture medium was significantly increased by compound 5, compared with the control value. These results suggest that three phospholipid compounds isolated from the methanol extract of Bombycis corpus may exert neurotrophic effects by stimulation of NGF synthesis in astrocytes.

백강잠의 세포독성성분

권학철(Hak Cheol Kwon),문형인(Hyung In Moon),최상훈(Sang Hoon Choi),이정옥(Jung Ock Lee),조세연(Sae Yun Cho),정이연(I Yeon Jung),김선여(Sun Yeou Kim),이강노(Kang Ro Lee) 대한약학회 1999 약학회지 Vol.43 No.2

The acivity-guided fractionation on the MeOH extract of Bombycis corpus inoculated by Beauberia bassiana 101A led to the isolation of two steroids, 24-ethylcholest-4-ene-3,6-dione (1) and ergosterol peroxide (2), as active principles. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxicity against cultured human tumor cell fines, A-549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF-498 and HCT-15 with ED50 values ranging from 3.42 to 11.37mcg/ml.

東醫寶鑑을 통한 허준의 의학사상에 관한 고찰

權學澈,朴贊國 대한한의학원전학회 1992 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.6 No.-

Huh-joon's medical thoughts shown on his medical book of the Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham can be summerized as follows. 1. The general trend of medical science in Koryo dynasty is that much more interests were concentrated upon the books about curative means rather than upon the books about theoretical knowledge of medical science. With the development of Hyang Yak(鄕藥) (the term referring either various kinds of domestic medical stuffs such as herbs or the curative methods using those stuffs) and the writing of books on Hyang Yak, independent medical science of the nation's own was established in late Koryo dynasty. And the national medical science was continuously further developed until early Choson dynasty. Briskly-expanded mutual exchanges with China in early Choson dynasty provided Choson opportunities to import Chinese medical science and to examine it. Under this circumstances, he wrote the Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham. 2. As we look over the preface and Chip-Rae-Mun(集例文), we can find the characterstic of Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham is that the philosophical theory of Taoism was quoted in explaining the principles of his medical science and that the main idea of Naekyung is the basis in explaining the way of curing diseases. 3. 83 kinds of medical books were quoted in the Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham. Besides, as many as 200 kinds of books including Tao-tzu's teaching books(道書), history books(史書), almanac( 書), and Confucius' teaching books(儒家書篇) were quoted in total. Naekyung and Eue-hak-Ip-Mun, Dan-kye-Sim-Bup were the most frequently quoted books among them. 4. Huh-Joon's medical thoughts about health care were like these. 1) The reason why Huh-Joon regarded the idea of health care as of great importance was that he laid much more emphasises on the preventive medicines rather than on the remedial medicines. The direct reason was that he was greatly influenced by profound knowledge of Taoist's study of discipline and who participated in the editing the books from the beginning. 2) Huh-Joon's outlook on human body started from the theory of "Unity of Heaven and Man"(天人合一論), which implied man was a kind o miniature universe. In addition to that, he largely theory of essence(精), vital force(氣), and spirit(神) which were regarded very important as the three most valuable properties in Taoism. However, he took his medical ground on practical and pragmatic idea that he did not discuss fundamental essence(元精), fundamental vital force(元氣), and fundamental spirit(元神) which were given by Heaven from the received only the theory of essence, vital force, and spirit which were acquired after birth and worked mainly on realistic activity of life. 3) Huh-Joon accepted Do-In-Bup(導引法) sharply as a method to prevent and cure diseases. 5. Huh-Joon's medical thoughts on remedial aspects are as 1) Naekyung was considered so important in Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham that not only each paragraph was begun with the quotations from Naekyung but also the edited order fo the content of the book the same with that of Naekyung. And differently from the former korean medical books he accepted at large and recorded the theories of the four noted physicians of the Geum-Won era(金元四大家) by Dong-Eui-Bo-Kham. 2) For the first time, Huh-Joon introduced the theory of Un-Ki (運氣論) in the Dong-Eui-Bo-Kahm. However, he accepted it as a pathological function of human body but he did not apply physical constitution, physiological function, pathological function, and remedial methods. 3) Huh-Joon liked to use Hyang Yak that he recorded korean name of Hyang Yak(鄕名), places of the production(産地), the time of collecting(採取時月), and the way of drying herbs(陰陽乾正法) in the remedial method of a single medicine prescription for diseases at the end of each paragraph. By doing so, he developed, arragned, and revived Hyang Yak. 4) He believed that since the natural features of China were different from those of Korea the reasons of being attacked with its remedial methods couldn't be the same with different from Chinese medical books which primarily focused on paralysis and the injury of the cold has his own structure in his book that he founded independent science of this nation. He consulted enormous documents. He discovered and wrote the theory and therefore concrete methods for diseases so that the book had the principles of outbreak of diseases(理), methods of cure(法), prescription(方), and a single medicine prescription(藥) and set system of medical science in a good order. By doing so, he and pragmatic development of medical science.

백강잠 101A의 세포독성 사이클로뎁시펩타이드 성분

권학철(Hak Cheol Kwon),방은정(Eun Jung Bang),최상운(Sang Un Choi),이완주(Won Chu Lee),조세연(Sea Yun Cho),정이연(I Yeon Jung),김선여(Sun Yeou Kim),이강노(Kang Ro Lee) 대한약학회 2000 약학회지 Vol.44 No.2

From the MeOH extract of Bombycis corpus inoculated by Beauberia bassiana 101A, two cyclodepsipeptides, bassianolide (1) and beaubericin (2), were isolated and their structures were determined by one and two dimensional NMR studies. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxicity against cultured human tumor cell lines.

그늘쑥의 Seszuiterpene Lactone성분

권학철(Hak Cheol Kwon),최상진(Sang Zin Choi),이원빈(Won Bin Lee),민용득(Yong Deuk Min),양민철(Min Cheol Yang),정애경(Ae Kyung Chung),이규하(Kyu Ha Lee),이강노(Kang Ro Lee) 대한약학회 2001 약학회지 Vol.45 No.2

The phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Artemisia slyvatica(Asteraceae) led to the isolation of nine sesquiterpene lactones, 1-alpha-hydroperoxy-rupicolin A acetate(1), rupicolin B acetate(2), rupicolin A acetate(3), 1-alpha-hydroxy-4-alpha-hydroperoxy-bishopsolicepolide(4), 1-alpha-hydroperoxy-4-beta-hydroxy-8-alpha-acetoxy-guaia-2,9,11(13)-triene-6-alpha,12-olide(5), 1-alpha-hydroperoxy-4-alpha-bishoplicepolide(6), 1-alpha-4-beta-dihydroxy-8-alpha-acetoxy-guaia-2,9,11(13)-triene-6-alpha-12-olide(7), rupicolin A(8) and 1-alpha-4-alpha-dihydroxybisphopsolicedpolide(9). Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

上古時代와 古朝鮮時代의 醫學에 關한 文獻的 考察

權學澈,朴贊國 대한한의학원전학회 1989 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.3 No.-

As mentioned above, I got the next conclusion since I had considered the medical contents of the ancient period(上古時代) and the era of the old-Korea(古朝鮮時代) through several bibliographic records. 1. There were Pung-baeg(風伯), Uh-sa(雨師), Un-sa(雲師) that were the names of the governmental officials during the ancient period of Whan-ung(桓雄). Among them, Uh-sa specially managed the treatment for diseases. When we think of the significance of Pung(風)-which means the winds, Uh(雨)-which means the rain, Un(雲)-which means the clouds, we will find out that the human life will be affected by all kinds of phenomena of the nature. So I can infer that ancestries could prevent treat diseases with adjusting them to the changes in the weather. 2. There were five government officials(五事) in the ancient period of Whan-ung(桓雄上古時代). They are Uh-ga(牛加), Ma-ga(馬加), Ku-ga(狗加), Cheo-ga(猪加) and Yang-ga(羊加), and had charges of five important duties. Among them, Cheo-ga was set to a charge of treatment for diseases. So we can notice that there existed people who treated for diseases professionally. Whem we think of the meanings of Uh(牛)-which intends cows or bulls. Ma(馬)-which intends horses, Ku(狗)-which intends dogs, Cheo(猪)-which intends wild boars and Yang(羊)-which intends sheep, we can see that livestocks would be raised at that time, and they came to have more chances to digest meat. Since the digesting of meat became to be a burden on the stomach and the intestines, it might cause a lot of indigestive troubles. 3. When I compared Tan-gun Pal-ga(檀君八加) with the Oh-ga(五加) in the ancient period of Whan-ung(桓雄上古時代), I could tell that the community of Tan-gun's period is more advanced and specialized than one of Whan-ung's. When I think of the next sentence ; "The Prince Imperial, Bu-u(夫虞) become to be a Ro-ga(鷺加), who treat for diseases professionally.", I am sure that the treatment for diseases was more importment than any other things, because he was the third son of Tan-gun(檀君). 4. According to Tan-gun(檀君) mythology, Whan-ung(桓雄) came down from the heaven of the pure Yang(純陽) to the earth and then changed into a man who had had more Yang(陽) than Yin(陰). And a bear came up from the underground(or the cave) to the ground and then changed into a women who had had more Yin(陰) than Yang(陽). So both of them became to hold together. This story implicated that ancestors had taken a serious view of each of them, namely the ancestors didn't give the ascendance to the one side of them, and made much account of the mutual harmony. So I amd sure that this fact coincided with the basic theories of oriental medical science. To refer to two proverbs of Tan-gun mythology that are "Ki-Sam-Chil-Il(忌三七日)" which means caring for twenty one days, and "Pul-Gyon-Il-Gwang-Baeg-Il(不見日光百日)" which means keeping indoors for one hundred days, I can tell you that "twenty-ond-day" involves the principle of the birth of life, and "one-hundred-day" contains a preparatory period or the period of death to bear another life. 5. From the medical stuff, such as wormwood(艾), garlic(蒜), or wonder-working herbage(靈草), that had been written at the bibliographic papers of the ancient period(上古時代) and the era of the old-Korea(古朝鮮時代), I consider that many people might get a lot of women's diseases, indigestive troubles, and other diseases that were caused by the weakness, but with using various spices, such as the leaves of water pepper(蔘), they could prevent the occurrance of all kinds of diseases previously. So I regard this treatment as the medicine from food. 6. One of the sayings at Nae-gyong(內經) is that "The stone accupuncture(폄석) came from the orient." We can see both "wonder-working wormwood(靈艾)" and "dried wormwood(乾艾)" in the several bibliographic papers of the ancient history of the old Korea(朝鮮上古史). From these records, I can be convinced that ancestors would utilize the acupuncture(針) and the moxa cautery(灸) to cure a patient of a disease. 7. Even though someone claimed that the book, "medical science and chemistry(醫學化學)" and "medical treatment(醫學大方)" had had been written during the ancient period of the old-Korea(上古朝鮮時代), such a fact can't have been ascertained historical evidence. But it has been handed down that there existed the original phonetic alphabet, such as the "Ka-Im-To alphabet(加臨土文字)" at that time. The terms about the diseases, which had been occurred at the community of the old-Korea(古朝鮮地域), were recorded fragmentarily at other records after that time. The origin of confucianism came from the race of the eastern barbarians, and Tae-Ho-Pok-Hi(태호복의) and the king, Sun(舜) came from the eastern barbarians, too. The divination of tortoise shells at the country of Un(殷) is another from which was developed at the eastern barbarians' forune-telling of animal bones. From these facts, I can infer that, by all means, they might record the medical knowledge which had been stored for thousands of years while contacting with china directly.

한반도 특산식물 한라개승마 종자의 생리적휴면과 발아특성

백진주,권학철,이승연 한국화훼학회 2022 화훼연구 Vol.30 No.3

Aruncus aethusifolius (H. Lév.) Nakai, an endemic species in Korea, can be used as an ornamental and medicinal crop. A seed propagation protocol for A. aethusifolius was developed in this study. The seeds used in the experiment were harvested at the Hantaek Botanical Garden on November 3, 2019. Seeds were also obtained from living collections in a genetic resources plot at Andong National University on November 10, 2020. The seeds were detached from the parent plant and started to germinate in March of the following year. The seeds of A. aethusifolius had fully developed embryos at maturity. Within 3 h of the water uptake test, the weight increased by more than 25% compared with that of the initial dry state, confirming that physical dormancy was absent. The germination rate of A. aethusifolius seeds was higher under light conditions than under dark conditions, according to the temperature germination test. Less than 20% of the seeds germinated under dark conditions. Therefore, the seeds are photoblastic and can thus form a soil seed bank. Regarding the GA experiment, the effects of seeds harvested in 2019 and those harvested in 2020 differed. Additionally, the number of days required for germination was found to be earlier as the period of cold stratification treatment increased. However, the germination rate of the seeds in 2020 was low; thus, the germination rate did not exceed 40%, even after 12 weeks of low-temperature treatment. The after-ripening treatment period affected the germination of A. aethusifolius seeds. The experimental results revealed a difference in germination rate between seeds harvested in 2019 and those harvested in 2020, which was attributed to mother plant environmental conditions. 한라개승마(Aruncus aethusifolius (H.Lév.) Nakai)는 관상용 및 약용 식물로 이용이 될 가능성이 있는 한국 고유종이다. 그러나 종자에 의한 번식에 대해서는 알려진 바가 거의없다. 이 연구는 한라개승마의 종자번식 프로토콜을 개발하기위해 수행되었다. 실험에 사용된 종자는 2019년 11월 3일 한택식물원에서 채종하였으며, 안동대학교 유전자원포지에서 관리하던 식물체에서 2020년 11월 10일에 채종하였다. 한라개승마 종자는 완전히 성숙한 배를 가지고 있었다. 종자는 모식물체에서 탈리되고 이듬해 3월부터 발아하기 시작하였다. 수분흡수실험 3시간 이내에 초기 건조상태의 무게 대비 25% 이상 무게가 증가하여 물리적휴면이 없는 것을 확인하였다. 명암 조건에서의 온도별 발아시험 결과, 한라개승마 종자의 발아율은 암조건보다 명조건에서 높았고, 명암 조건 모두 4°C에서 발아하지 않았다. 따라서 종자는 광발아종자이므로 soil seed bank를 형성할 가능성이 있다. GA 실험의 경우 2019년수확한 종자와 2020년 수확한 종자의 효과가 다르게 나타났다. 저온습윤처리 기간이 길어질수록 발아소요일이 앞당겨지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 2020년도 종자는 발아율이 낮아서 12주간의 저온습윤처리 이후에도 발아율이 40%를 넘지 못했다. 그리고 후숙처리 기간은 한라개승마 종자의 발아에 영향을 미쳤다. 실험결과 2019년 수확한 종자와 2020년 수확한종자의 발아율 차이가 확인되었다. 이는 모식물체의 생육 환경에 따른 영향으로 판단된다.

Seed Dormancy Type and Germination Characteristics in Four Hemerocallis Taxa Native to the Korean Peninsula

김건모,권학철,Yong Ha Rhie,고충호,이승연 한국화훼학회 2023 화훼연구 Vol.31 No.4

This study was conducted to develop a seed propagation protocol of Hemerocallis taxa native to the Korean Peninsula. In this study, the seed dormancy types were classified. The germination traits of H. thunbergii, H. dumortieri, H. hakuunensis, and H. hongdoensis were also characterized. The initial embryo to seed length ratio (E:S ratio) in seeds of the four Hemerocallis species was between 0.80 and 0.90 at harvest, however, the E:S ratio did not increase until just before germination. Thus, seeds of the four Hemerocallis species had no morphological dormancy (MD), and at least 84% of seeds of all tested species germinated at 25/15℃ under light within 30 days. The lower the incubation temperature, the lower the germination rate of seeds of the four Hemerocallis species. However, the temperature range for germination was expanded due to old stratification. Gibberellin treatment increased the germination rate or germination speed at a relatively low temperature of 15/6℃. However, this treatment did not improve the germination rate as much as the temperature at 25/15℃. Under 15/5℃ of incubation, cold stratification increased the final germination percentage and rate/speed and expanded the temperature range for germination from high to low (25/15℃ → 15/6℃). This indicates that the seeds have a conditional dormancy (CD) that germinates in a narrow temperature range. In conclusions, the four Hemerocallis seeds exhibited nondeep physiological dormancy.

애기똥풀의 세포독성 성분

최상진,권학철,이재훈,이원빈,최상운,이강노,Choi, Sang-Zin,Kwon, Hak-Chul,Yi, Jae-Hun,Lee, Won-Bin,Choi, Sang-Un,Lee, Kang-Ro 한국생약학회 2001 생약학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Three alkaloids, (-)-stylopine (I), (+)-chelidonine (II), oxysanguinarine (III) and two triterpenoids, $6{\alpha}-hydroxy-A-neo-germacer-22(29)-en-30-oic\;acid$ (IV) and hop-22(29)-en-30-oic acid (V), were isolated from the methanol extract of of Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum, and their cytotoxicity were tested against five cultured human tumor cell lines.

그늘쑥의 식물화학적 성분

문형인,권학철,지옥표,이강노,Moon, Hyung-In,Kwon, Hak-Cheol,Zee, Ok-Pyo,Lee, Kang-Ro 한국생약학회 1999 생약학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Two carotenoids and four flavonoids were isolated from the whole plant of Artemisia sylvatica Max. Their structures were identified as ${\beta}-carotene$, lutein, luteolin, rutin, $pectolinarigenin-7-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ and luteolin-7-O-neohesperidoside on the basis of spectroscopic means.