장애인의 생태학적 변인과 운동 참여와의 관계 모형

김경숙(Kyung Sook Kim),조창옥(Chang Ok Cho),구교만(Kyo Man Koo),김성겸(Sung Kyeom Kim),오아라(Ah Ra Oh) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.52

The purpose of this study was to effective in the maintenance and socialization by the exercise of people with a disability. As the objects of this study, it was collected that 1962 people with a disability. This data analysis was done by Amos 16.0 program. The structural Equation Model was applied to inspect the causal relations among the participation in physical activity and ecological factors of people with a disability. This level of significance was α=.05. The results are as follows: First, among all the ecological environments of the sports activity participa-tion, path effect of medical personnel factors was found as the negative effect and factor of the sports time had negative difference. In the path effect of acquaintance and friends, positive effects in sports activity time and fre-quency were showed and they had positive difference in acquaintance factor with sports activity time and it also had positive difference in sports activity time. In the path effect of media factors, it had negative effects and had negative difference(t=-2.056, p<.01) between sports activity time and media factors. In case of movement fac-tors, all appeared as the negative effects such as frequency, time, and period. The path effect of instructor factors was showed with positive effect; however, family, program and facilities, policies and community factors had no response with path effect. Second, the followings are the results of analysis on prototype in disability categories. In the verification on the relating prototype between ecological variables of the disability categories and participa-tion in physical activity, while medical personnel, mass media and accessibility factors had been negatively effec-tive, acquaintance & friends and instructors had been positively effective to the physical disability. In people with a visual impairment, negative effects had been in medical personnel and instructors and positive effects had been in acquaintance & friends, policies and community factors. Accessibility had negative effects and physical activity program and facility had positive effects in people with a hearing impairment. In developmental disability, negative effects were showed in physical activity program and facility, positive effects, on the other hand, were showed in policy and community factors. In brain lesions, medical personnel, policy and community factors had been in negative effects and physical activity program and facility had been in positive effects.

성인지적장애인과 일반인의 신체활동량, 건강체력 및 심혈관질환 위험요인 비교

양덕일 ( Deok Il Yang ),석민화 ( Min Hwa Suk ),임강일 ( Kang Il Lim ),신윤아 ( Yun A Shin ) 한국특수체육학회 2014 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 20~40대의 지적장애인 37명과 동일한 연령의 일반인 32명을 대상으로 신체활동량 수준과 신체조성, 체력수준, 심혈관질환 위험요인에 대하여 비교분석하여 동일연령에서의 차이를 살펴보고, 신체활동량 부족에 따른 심혈관질환 위험요인을 분석하여 지적장애인들의 신체활동에 대한 이해를 높이고 신체활동량 증가를 위한 접근방법 및 필요성을 제기하기 위하여 실시하였다. 신체활동량은 가속도계를 이용하여 측정하였으며, 신체조성 요인은 근육량, 체지방율, BMI, 허리둘레, 허벅지둘레, 종아리둘레를 측정하였다. 체력수준은 근력, 근지구력, 심폐지구력, 민첩성, 유연성을 측정하였고, 심혈관질환 위험요인으로 혈압, 공복혈당, HDL-C, LDL-C, 중성지방을 측정하였다. 첫째, 지적장애인과 동일한 연령의 일반인의 신체활동량, 신체조성, 체력수준, 심혈관질환 위험요인을 비교분석한 결과, 지적장애인이 일반인보다 보수와 고강도 활동량에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 신체조성은 지적장애인이 일반인보다 근육량, 허벅지둘레, 종아리둘레에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 체력수준은 지적장애인이 일반인보다 근력, 근지구력, 심폐지구력, 유연성, 민첩성이 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 심혈관질환 위험요인은 20대는 지적장애인이 일반인보다 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤, 30대는 수축기혈압, 이완기혈압에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났고, 40대는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 신체활동량과 체력수준, 심혈관질환 위험요인과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 신체활동량과 체력의 상관관계는 활동 칼로리량, 보수, 고강도 활동량은 각각 근지구력, 근력, 심폐지구력, 유연성, 민첩성과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 신체활동량과 심혈관질환 위험요인의 상관관계는 보수가 공복혈당, 총 콜레스테롤, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 고강도 활동량은 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 체력과 심혈관질환 위험요인의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 근지구력은 수축기혈압과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 공복혈당과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 근력은 수축기혈압, 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 공복혈당과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 심폐지구력은 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 공복혈당, 중성지방과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 지적장애인과 일반인은 신체활동량, 신체조성, 체력수준, 심혈관질환 위험요인에서 지적장애인들이 신체활동량과 더불어 체력수준이 저하되어 있으며, 이는 심혈관질환 위험요인에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 지적장애인은 20대부터 신체활동량과 체력수준이 일반인보다 낮은 것으로 나타났으므로, 지적장애인의 신체활동 증진 프로그램을 위한 다양한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study were comparatively analyzed physical activity level, body composition, physical fitness level, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Subjects were 37 adults with intellectual disability(ID) in their 20s~40s and 32 adults without intellectual disability of the same age. The analysis was performed in accordance with age between cardiovascular disease risk factors and activity lack. First, as result of comparing physical activity level, adults with ID had significantly lower steps and high intensity activity than adults without ID. As result of comparing body composition, adults with ID had significantly lower muscle mass, thigh circumference, and calf circumference than adults without ID. As result of comparing physical fitness level, adults with ID had significantly lower muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and agility than adults without ID. As result of comparing cardiovascular disease risk factors, adults with ID had significantly low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the 20s, had significantly low systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the 30s, and were no significant values in the 40s. Second, As result of analyzing the correlation between physical activity and physical fitness level, the activity calories, steps, high intensity activities each had positive correlation with muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and agility had negative correlation. As result of analyzing the correlation of cardiovascular disease risk factors, steps showed to have negative correlation with fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and had positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. High intensity activity showed to have positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. As results of analyzing the correlation between physical fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors, muscular endurance showed to have positive correlation with systolic blood pressure and had negative correlation with fasting blood glucose. Cardiovascular endurance showed to have positive correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors and negative correlation with fasting blood glucose and Triglyceride. Therefore, in physical activity, body composition, physical fitness level, and cardiovascular disease risk factors, low physical fitness level and physical activity showed that this gives significant influence to cardiovascular disease risk factors both adults with ID and without ID. It was especially shown that adults with ID starting from their 20s have lower physical activity and physical fitness level than without ID. In this reason, various physical activity enhancement programs are thought to be required in early adults with ID.

경제적 부담과 건강 문제를 겪는 노인들의 여가만족 요인에 관한 연구: 여가활동을 중심으로

홍석호 한국노년학회 2020 한국노년학 Vol.40 No.1

This study aimed to suggest leisure activities and policy-level support in the light of the characteristics and needs among the elderly by examining constraint factors of leisure activities among the elderly. Data of 3887 elderly with the age of 65 and above with economic burden and health problems from the 6th Korean Retirement and Income study were used for the statistical analyses. Hierarchical linear models were tested by entering factors stepswise; demographic factors(age, gender, marriage status, single household, region, living expenses, health status) in the first step, leisure factors(leisure time, leisure motivation) in the second step, and lastly leisure activity factors(desired leisure activities, undesired leisure activities) in the third step. The results were as follows: First, major factors that constrict leisure activities of the elderly were financial burden and health problems. Second, there were significant differences among three(financial constraint, health constraint, and financial and health constraint) groups. Financial constraint group was the highest in the level of leisure satisfaction but leisure time was the shortest. The major reason to do leisure activities of the financial constraint group was to keep relationships with families and friends. In terms of desired leisure activities, health constraint group wanted resting, financial constraint group wanted hobbies and entertainment, and the financial-and-health constraint group wanted social activities. Third, financial constraint group demonstrated higher levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted to take care of pets or gardens; however, they showed lower levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted to domestic trips for desired leisure activities. In case of health constraint group, they demonstrated lower levels of leisure activity satisfaction whether or not they wanted resting like watching TV or listening to the radio. And, the showed higher levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted social activities such as participation in religion or social gathering organizations. For the financial-and-health constraint group, whereas they showed lower levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted walking around or watching TV, and domestic trips for desired leisure activities, they demonstrated higher levels of leisure activity satisfaction when they wanted entertainment doing the game of go, or chess, and hobbies like hiking and social activities. Practice and policy level suggestions to offer leisure activities that meet the needs of the elderly were made based on the study results. 본 연구는 노인들의 여가활동 제약요인들을 살피고, 특정 제약요인을 가진 노인들의 여가만족도를 높이기 위해서 실천적 측면에서 노인의 특성과 욕구에 기반 한 여가활동을 제안하고 정책적 지원 방안을 마련 할 목적으로 수행되었다. 노후보장패널 6차 부가조사자료를 활용하여 65세 이상 노인들 가운데 경제적 부담과 건강문제로 여가활동에 제약을 경험한다고 응답한 3167케이스를 분석하였다. 여가활동의 제약요인 집단별 여가만족도의 영향요인을 분석하기 위하여 인구사회적 특성(나이, 성별, 교육, 혼인상태, 독거여 부, 지역, 적정생활비수준, 건강상태), 여가관련 변인(여가시간, 여가동기), 여가활동 변인(선호 활동, 비선호 활동)을 단계적으로 위계선형 회귀 모형에 입력하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인 여가활동의 주요한 제약원인으로는 경제적 부담과 건강 문제가 압도적으로 높았다. 둘째, 세 집단(재정취약집단, 건강취약집단, 재정+건강취약집단) 간의 여가관련 변인에서 차이가 나타났다. 여가활동 만족 수준은 재정취약집단이 가장 높게, 다음으로 건강취약집단, 재정+건강취약집단의 순서로 나타났다. 여가시간은 재정취약집단에서 가장 짧았으 며, 여가동기에서는 재정취약집단에서 가족 및 주변 관계 때문이라는 응답은 높았으며, 건강유지라는 응답은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 건강취약집단에서 휴식활동을, 재정취약집단에서는 오락취미 활동을, 그리고 재정+건강취약집단에서 사회활동을 선호 한다는 응답이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 재정취약집단의 경우, 애완동물 돌보기 및 정원손질 같은 활동들을 선호 한다고 응답할수록 여가만족도 가 높게 나타난 반면, 국내여행을 선호 한다고 대답할수록 여가만족도가 낮게 나타났다. 건강취약집단의 경우, TV 시청 및 라디오 듣기 등의 휴식활동을 선호 한다고 응답할수록 그리고, 비선호 한다고 응답할수록 모두의 경우에서 여가만족도가 낮게 나타났다. 이밖에 도 종교활동 혹은 친목단체 활동과 같은 사회참여 활동을 선호 한다고 응답할수록 여가만족도가 높게 나타났다. 재정+건강취약집단의 경우, 집근처 산책 혹은 TV 시청, 국내여행 등의 활동을 여가활동으로 선호 한다고 응답한 노인일수록 여가만족도가 낮게 나타난 반면, 바둑, 장기, 체스 등의 오락 활동과 등산과 같은 취미활동, 그리고 친목단체 활동 등을 선호 한다고 응답한 노인일수록 여가만족도가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 노인 여가활동에 대한 전국단위의 데이터를 실증적으로 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 맞춤형 여가활동을 제안하고 정책적 지원 방안에 대한 논의를 포함하고 있다.

만성질환 노인의 여가스포츠활동 선택과정에서의 합리성

이은석(Eun Surk Yi) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 2010 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.34 No.1

The purpose of this study was to explain the rationality of leisure sports activities` choice of the elderly with chronic diseases. To accomplish this purpose, the researcher used Downs` rational choice theory as theoretical framework. Data were collected through in-depth interview from five elderly. The result of this study are as follows; First, factors affecting to choice of leisure sports activities of the elderly are divided by two factors; one is factors affecting to decisions and the other is factors affecting to expected benefits. The factors affecting to decisions consist of positive information about leisure sports activities, environment around participants and personal investment cost. The factors affecting to expected benefits are material benefits and social benefits. Second, factors affecting to decisions played an important role as a motivation when they chose their activity, while factors affecting to expected benefits play a role as vehicle to achieve their final goal which is to keep healthy life and to overcome their diseases. Therefore, when they chose leisure sports activities rather than other activities, expected benefit factors is recognized as more important than decision factors.

Highly Active Analogs of α-Factor and Their Activities Against Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ahn, Hee Jun,Hong, Eun Young,Jin, Dong Hoon,Hong, Nam Joo Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.5

Thirteen analogs of tridecapeptide ${\alpha}$-factor (WHWLQLKPGQPMY) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with C- or N-terminal Trp extension and isosteric replacement by Aib at position 8 and 11, Trp at position 13, D-Ala at position 9, and Orn and Glu at position 6 were synthesized and assayed for their biological activity. Receptor binding assay was carried out using our newly developed spectrophotometric method with detector peptide 14. C- or N-terminal extended analogs, ${\alpha}$-factor-$[Trp]_n$ (n =1-5) 1-5 and $[N-Trp]_1$-${\alpha}$-factor 6, were all less active than native ${\alpha}$-factor and gradual decreases in both activity and receptor affinity were observed with greater Trp extension. Trp-substituted analog at position 13, $[Trp^{13}]{\alpha}$-factor 7, exhibited about 2-fold reductions in both activity and receptor affinity. Aib-substituted analogs, $[Aib^8]{\alpha}$-factor 8 and $[Aib^{11}]{\alpha}$-factor 9, showed 5- to 10-fold reduction in activity as well as 3-fold reduction in receptor affinity compared to native ${\alpha}$-factor. $[Orn^6]{\alpha}$-factor 10 demonstrated strong potency with a 7.0-fold increase in halo activity as well as 1.8-fold increase in receptor affinity compared to native ${\alpha}$-factor. For two double substituted analogs, [$Glu^6,{\small{D}}-Ala^9$]${\alpha}$-factor 12 showed the slightly decreased potency in halo activity compared to analog 10, whereas [$Orn^6,{\small{D}}-Ala^9$]${\alpha}$-factor 11 exhibited 15-fold higher halo activity as well as nearly 3-fold higher receptor affinity compared to native ${\alpha}$-factor.

Current Understanding of RANK Signaling in Osteoclast Differentiation and Maturation

Park, Jin Hee,Lee, Na Kyung,Lee, Soo Young Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.10

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that are derived from hematopoietic precursor cells and require macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL) for their survival, proliferation, differentiation, and activation. The binding of RANKL to its receptor RANK triggers osteoclast precursors to differentiate into osteoclasts. This process depends on RANKL-RANK signaling, which is temporally regulated by various adaptor proteins and kinases. Here we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate RANK signaling during osteoclastogenesis. In the early stage, RANK signaling is mediated by recruiting adaptor molecules such as tumor necrosis factor receptorassociated factor 6 (TRAF6), which leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and the transcription factors nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Activated NF-${\kappa}B$ induces the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is the key osteoclastogenesis regulator. In the intermediate stage of signaling, the co-stimulatory signal induces $Ca^{2+}$ oscillation via activated phospholipase $C{\gamma}2$ ($PLC{\gamma}2$) together with c-Fos/AP-1, wherein $Ca^{2+}$ signaling facilitates the robust production of NFATc1. In the late stage of osteoclastogenesis, NFATc1 translocates into the nucleus where it induces numerous osteoclast-specific target genes that are responsible for cell fusion and function.

Highly Active Analogs of α-Factor and Their Activities Against Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Hee Jun Ahn,Eun Young Hong,진동훈,홍남주 대한화학회 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.5

Thirteen analogs of tridecapeptide α-factor (WHWLQLKPGQPMY) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with C- or N-terminal Trp extension and isosteric replacement by Aib at position 8 and 11, Trp at position 13, D-Ala at position 9, and Orn and Glu at position 6 were synthesized and assayed for their biological activity. Receptor binding assay was carried out using our newly developed spectrophotometric method with detector peptide 14. C- or N-terminal extended analogs, α-factor-[Trp]n (n =1-5) 1-5 and [N-Trp]1-α-factor 6, were all less active than native α-factor and gradual decreases in both activity and receptor affinity were observed with greater Trp extension. Trp-substituted analog at position 13, [Trp13]α-factor 7, exhibited about 2-fold reductions in both activity and receptor affinity. Aib-substituted analogs, [Aib8]α-factor 8 and [Aib11]α-factor 9, showed 5- to 10- fold reduction in activity as well as 3-fold reduction in receptor affinity compared to native α-factor. [Orn6]α- factor 10 demonstrated strong potency with a 7.0-fold increase in halo activity as well as 1.8-fold increase in receptor affinity compared to native α-factor. For two double substituted analogs, [Glu6,D-Ala9]α-factor 12 showed the slightly decreased potency in halo activity compared to analog 10, whereas [Orn6,D-Ala9]α-factor 11 exhibited 15-fold higher halo activity as well as nearly 3-fold higher receptor affinity compared to native α-factor.

Current Understanding of RANK Signaling in Osteoclast Differentiation and Maturation

박진희,이나경,이수영 한국분자세포생물학회 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.10

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that are derived from hematopoietic precursor cells and require macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL) for their survival, proliferation, differentiation, and activation. The binding of RANKL to its receptor RANK triggers osteoclast precursors to differentiate into osteoclasts. This process depends on RANKL-RANK signaling, which is temporally regulated by various adaptor proteins and kinases. Here we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate RANK signaling during osteoclastogenesis. In the early stage, RANK signaling is mediated by recruiting adaptor molecules such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and the transcription factors nuclear factor-B (NF-B) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Activated NF-B induces the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is the key osteoclastogenesis regulator. In the intermediate stage of signaling, the co-stimulatory signal induces Ca2+ oscillation via activated phospholipase C2 (PLC2) together with c-Fos/AP-1, wherein Ca2+ signaling facilitates the robust production of NFATc1. In the late stage of osteoclastogenesis, NFATc1 translocates into the nucleus where it induces numerous osteoclast-specific target genes that are responsible for cell fusion and function.

지역에 따른 여중생의 학교스포츠클럽활동 재미요인과 수업몰입의 관계

양정빈 ( Yang Jeong-bin ),이세형 ( Lee Sei-hyoung ) 제주대학교 체육진흥센터(구 제주대학교 체육과학연구소) 2019 체육과학연구 Vol.25 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between school sports club fun factors and flows according to the region. Middle school girls in Jeju Island were selected as population groups, and subjects were selected by region, and a total of 404 questionnaire data were used for analysis. The measurement tools were revised and supplemented by the Fun Factor Questionnaire developed by Lee, Chang - Sup and Nam Sang - woo (2003) and the Instruction Questionnaire developed by Kim Jong - hwan (2008) through consultation with experts. In order to investigate the difference between variables, t - test and variance analysis were carried out and regression analysis was used to analyze the relation between pleasure factor and class immersion. The results of the research were as follows. First, looking at the difference in factors of pleasure according to the grade, it was significantly higher in the order of the first grade, the second grade and the third grade by the factors of the teacher. It was significantly higher in the order of first grade, third grade, and second grade with agreement between behavior and consciousness in class attraction. Secondly, looking at the factors of pleasure according to the region, the towns and villages area was significantly higher than the same area by all sub factors of pleasure factor. Even in class attendance, all the sub factors caused the municipality area to be higher than in the same area. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the relation between the factors of pleasure and the immersion of classes, it was found that the overall attendance of the lesson becomes significantly higher as the factor of enjoyment increases overall. However, social emotions of factors of pleasure and self-purpose experience of class immersion in coursework easily had a positive relationship with course integration, but they are immersed in the contents, there is no relation with agreement between behavior and consciousness. In this study, it was carried out in quantitative research, but in subsequent research, in addition to this, it would be possible to deeply study the causal relationship between variables in parallel with qualitative research.

NMDA투여에 의한 transcription factor (Egr-1, C-Jun, JunB, FosB)의 발현 변화 양상

하종수(Jong-Su Ha),김재화(Jae-Wha Kim),송재찬(Jae-Chan Song) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.9

신경과흥분은 신경세포의 수지돌기 말단부에 있는 흥분성 수용체에 대한 과도한 자극에 의해서 신경세포가 손상을 받는 현상으로 transcription factor의 발현을 유도하여 통증을 유발하는 자극, 학습, 발작, 흥분, 신경변성, 저산소성 국소빈혈, 뇌신경손상, 신경절제, 약제내성 등의 원인이 된다. 신경과흥분은 정상농도 이상의 NMDA에 의해서도 유발되는데 본 논문에서는 mouse의 복강으로 과량의 NMDA를 투여하여 소뇌에서 RT-PCR 방법으로 Inducible transcription factors (Egr-1, c-jun, JunB, FosB) mRNAs의 상대적 발현량을 비교하였다. NMDA를 투여한 군에서 inducible transcription factors (Egr-1, C-Jun, JunB, FosB)가 투여량과 시간의 경과에 따라 다양한 발현의 변화를 보였으며, NMDA투여 후 일정한 시간에서 투여한 양에 대한 변화는 체중 g 당 5 μg의 NMDA투여한 경우에 현저한 변화가 나타났다. 조사한 transcription factor 중에서 JunB의 발현 변화가 다른 transcription factor보다 두드러지게 나타났다. NMDA 투여량이 일정할 때 투여 후 경과 시간에 따른 발현양상은 투여 후 24시간이 경과한 후에 발현의 변화가 두드러지게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 대부분 이 48시간 경과 후 발현이 최고치에 도달하였다. 이러한 결과는 과흥분이 유도된 소뇌에서의 유전자 발현의 변화를 2D-gel 또는 microarray와 같은 방법을 이용하여 세포 내의 전체 단백질 혹은 유전자의 변화를 관찰함으로써 NMDA 수용체의 과흥분에 의한 뇌세포의 사멸에 관련된 기전을 밝힐 수 있는 좋은 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Glutamate is one of the principle transmitters in the CNS. Ionotropic receptors of glutamate, selectively activated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), play an important role in the processes of cell development, learning, memory, and etc. On the other hand, many studies discovered that over-activation of glutamate receptors leads to neurodegeneration and are known to be implicated in major areas of brain pathology. Any sustained effect of a transient NMDA receptor activation is likely to involve signaling to the nucleus and to trigger coordinated changes in gene expression. Classically, a set of immediate-early genes are induced first; some of genes are by themselves transcription factors that control expression of other target genes. This study provides understanding of changes of inducible transcription factors mRNA levels with RT-PCR by inducing over-activation of NMDA receptor with intraperitoneal NMDA injection. The experimental conditions were varied by 1, 5, 25, and 125 g/ of body weight NMDA and measured transcription factors mRNA levels are Egr-1, c-Jun, JunB, and FosB. Based on result obtained, inducible transcription factors mRNA in NMDA injection to mice with 5 g/body weight showed the greatest change. And ITF mRNA showed greatest change 24 hr after injection. The expression level of JunB mRNA was markedly changed. Up to the present days, no study clearly understood how ITF mRNA affected the apoptosis of purkinje cells in the cerebellum. The current study improves the understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis of purkinje cells in the cerebellum.