스마트폰 단안카메라를 활용한 3D 동작 분석 시스템 정확성 검증

양종현 ( Jonghyun Yang ),박정준 ( Jeongjun Park ),유창완 ( Changwan Yu ) 한국스포츠정책과학원 2021 체육과학연구 Vol.32 No.4

[목적] 본 연구는 스마트폰 단안카메라로 촬영된 영상으로 인공지능에 기반한 사용자 동작 인식 기술을 통해 산출된 3차원 동작 데이터의 정확성을 검증하여 신체활동 수행 동작의 측정과 피드백 제공의 신뢰도를 제고할 수 있는 애플리케이션 개발 가능성을 탐색하는 데 목적을 두고 있다.[방법] 준지도 학습(Semi-supervised learning) 방식으로 학습된 인공지능 기반 3D 동작 분석 시스템의 정확성을 확인하기 위해 상용화된 3차원 적외선 동작분석 시스템을 활용하여 3개 운동면상의 동작, 관절 움직임이 제한된 동작, 이동범위가 넓고 빠른 동작을 측정하고 비교하였다.[결과] 3D 동작 분석 애플리케이션을 통해 산출된 관성면상의 동작과 시상면상의 동작은 매우 높은 측정 정확성 보였지만 카메라로 직접 촬영을 하지 못한 수평면 상의 동작 측정 정확성은 관상면, 시상면 상의 동작에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 이동 동작에서 3D 동작 측정 정확도는 보통 수준으로 나타났으며, 관절 움직임이 제한 된 동작의 경우 3D 동작 측정 정확성이 낮게 나타났다.[결론] 움직임이 제한된 동작과 이동 동작의 감지율을 높일 수 있는 알고리즘 개선이 필요하지만, 스마트폰 단안카메라를 활용한 3D 동작 분석 시스템의 정확성이 매우 높다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 개발된 3D 동작 분석 시스템이 온라인 체육수업 현장에 활용되기 위해서는 체육과 교육과정의 내용 체계와 신체활동의 내용 분석을 통해 프로그램에 포함되는 신체활동 유형을 포괄적으로 구성하는 노력이 추가되어야 할 것이다. PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) motion data produced through artificial intelligence-based user motion recognition technology with images obtained using a smartphone monocular camera. This was done to explore the possibility of developing an application that can improve the reliability of the measurement of physical activity performing motions and feedback provision. METHODS To check the accuracy of the artificial intelligence-based 3D motion analysis system that utilized a semi-supervised learning method, a commercialized 3D infrared motion analysis system measured and compared motions on three movement planes, motions with limited joint movement, and fast motions in a wide moving range. RESULTS The motions on the coronal and sagittal planes produced through the 3D motion analysis application showed very high measurement accuracy; however, the accuracy of the measurement of motions on the horizontal plane, which could not be measured directly with a camera, was relatively lower than that of the coronal and sagittal planes. Accuracy in measuring 3D motion was moderate in moving motions and low in motions with limited joint movement. CONCLUSIONS For the developed 3D motion analysis system to be used in online physical education, the types of physical activities included in the program should be comprehensively composed through the analysis of the content system of the physical education curriculum and the resultant physical activities.

3D 인체데이터 및 수상스키 동작적합성에 따른 래시가드 니트웨어 개발 연구(제Ⅰ보) - 3D 인체데이터를 중심으로 -

정윤경,김경희 한국니트디자인학회 2021 패션과 니트 Vol.19 No.1

In this study, it is meaningful to provide basic data to help develop competitive water leisure sportswear that responds to consumer needs by analyzing body surface changes by water ski movements based on human body data using 3D scanners. The research method selected three people within the standard error range of their 20s and 30s presented by the Korea Agency of Technology and Standards from those with more than one year of experience in water skiing. Based on preceding research, 3D scanning was conducted with five selected types of movements to identify changes in body surface by motion, and the average joint range of four types of water ski movements was calculated through the 3D motion analysis system. The results of this study are as follows: First, the design area could be set up in the front and back neck area, the center area between the front shoulders and chest size, the area between the back and hip, the center area between back shoulders and chest size, and the lower arm area. Second, as a result of joint angle analysis of ski movements through the 3D motion analysis system, the motion with the largest neck bend angle is a ‘two hand turn motion’ with a forward bend angle of 35.8˚ and the minimum angle is a ‘two ski start motion’ with a backward angle of 4.39˚. In the range of arm flexion, 84.21˚ was the largest in the ‘two ski start motion’, and 6.99˚ was the smallest in the ‘one-hand turn motion‘. In addition, the average angle of the elbow was large at 41.46˚ in one-hand turn motion, while the torso bend angle leaned forward at 53.34˚ in two-ski start motion, and the two-hand turn and one-hand turn motion leaned back at 0.66˚ and 2.06˚, respectively.

휠체어 탁구선수 유니폼 개발을 위한 3D 동작 및 체표 변화 분석

박광애 ( Gwang-ae Park ),양정은 ( Chung-eun Yang ),한윤수 ( Yoon-soo Han ),이수진 ( Su-jin Lee ),한창수 ( Chang-su Han ) 한국특수체육학회 2021 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 휠체어탁구 선수에 적합한 유니폼 개발을 위해 3D 동작분석에 기반 한 인체공학적 스포츠의류설계의 기초자료 수집에 있다. 이를 위해 휠체어탁구 선수에 8명을 대상으로 3D 동작분석과 3D 인체 스캔 측정을 통해 휠체어 탁구선수의 동작범위, 체표면적과 체표길이 변화를 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 휠체어탁구 포핸드스트로크에서 어깨관절의 동작범위가 큼으로 유니폼 설계 시 관절의 최대 동작범위를 충분히 수용할 수 있도록 하여 관절의 동작범위를 제안하지 않도록 주의해야 한다. 둘째, 휠체어탁구 동작에 따라 최대 40%이상 체표면이 증가하는 것으로 나타나 체표면적의 변화량을 수용할 수 있도록 신축성 소재, 설계치수 등 유니폼에 적용할 수 있는 적절한 적용방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 셋째, 체표면적 뿐 아니라 체표길이의 변화까지 종합적으로 고려한 유니폼의 설계가 이루어져야 할 것을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to collect basic data for ergonomic sportswear design based on 3D motion analysis to develop uniforms suitable for wheelchair table tennis players. For this purpose, the range of motion, body surface area, and body surface length change of the wheelchair table tennis players were analyzed through 3D motion analysis and 3D body scan measurement for 8 wheelchair table tennis players. The research results are as follows. First, since the shoulder joint has a large range of motion in the wheelchair table tennis forehand stroke, care should be taken not to suggest the joint motion range by sufficiently accommodating the maximum motion range of the joint when designing the uniform. Second, it is found that the body surface increases by up to 40% or more according to the operation of table tennis in wheelchairs, so it is necessary to study an appropriate application method that can be applied to uniforms such as elastic materials and design dimensions to accommodate changes in body surface area. Third, it is suggested that uniform design should be made in consideration of changes in body surface length as well as body surface area.

3차원 동작분석법을 활용한 골프웨어 평가를 위한 기초연구 -상체 동작범위를 중심으로-

정혜원 ( Hye Won Chung ),신주영 ( Ju Young Annie Shin ),남윤자 ( Yun Ja Nam ) 한국의류산업학회 2016 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.18 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze joint angle for a range of swing motion derived through 3D motion analysis in order to design the ergonomic golf wear, use it for evaluation method of apparel fit to improve exercise functionality and provide the basic materials necessary for designing clothes. In order to do this, the subjects for this study were 3 men of age 20s. The data for a range of motion of golf swing were collected by using equipment for 3D motion analysis and then were used for analysis of joint angles and evaluation method of apparel fit. Range of motion was derived through 3D motion analysis of golf swing motion and joint angles for items of joint motion item and of X, Y, and Z-axis were calculated, respectively. In order to set the evaluation questions for evaluation of apparel fit, to find a range of motion at the maximal value and the minimal value of swing motion. As a result, during the swinging motion, neck extension, right shoulder extension, right/left elbow extension, right/left elbow supination did not appear. Items of joint motion showing the maximum at range of each swing motion were applied into 55 questions and consisted. The results of this study were meaningful as a basic study to apply 3D motion analysis to the fashion industry. It’s expected to be used to design functional clothing.

손목·손가락 관절가동범위 측정에 관한 3차원 동작분석 프로그램의 신뢰도 연구

박선하(Sun Ha Park),박지혁(Ji-Hyuk Park),김종배(Jong Bae Kim),정영진(Young Jin Jung),이주현(Joo Hyun Lee),박혜연(Hae Yean Park) 대한신경계작업치료학회 2023 재활치료과학 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 손목과 손가락 관절가동범위 측정에 대한 3차원 동작분석 프로그램의 신뢰도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상자는 정상인으로 손목과 손가락의 움직임에 제한이 없는 자, 본 연구의 목적을 이해하고 참여에 동의한 자 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 측각기와 3차원 동작분석 프로그램을 사용하여 총 11항목의 손목과 손가락 관절가동범위를 각각 1회씩 측정하였다. 3차원 동작분석 프로그램의 신뢰도를 측정하기 위해 측정값의 일치도와 불일치 양상을 비교하였다. 결과 : 측정값의 일치도를 분석한 결과 44개의 항목 중 38개 측정항목에서 매우 높은 일치도를 보였으며, 측정값의 불일치 양상을 분석한 결과 3가지 항목에서 불일치 양상이 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과를 통해 본 연구에서 사용한 3차원 동작분석 프로그램을 통해 관절가동범위 측정이가능함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 3차원 동작분석 프로그램의 측정의 편리성, 정확성의 장점을 기반으로다양한 임상 분야에서 활용되기를 기대한다. Objective : This study aimed to assess the reliability of a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis program for measuring the range of motion (ROM) of wrist and finger joints. Methods : The study recruited 50 people who had no restrictions on wrist and finger movements, understood the purpose of this study, and agreed to participate. Using a goniometer and a 3D motion analysis program, a total of 11 wrist and finger ROM were measured once each. To measure the reliability of the 3D motion analysis program, the degree of agreement and inconsistency of the measured values were compared. Results : Analysis of the degree of agreement of the measured values revealed that 38 out of 44 items showed a very high degree of agreement. Regarding analysis of inconsistency in the measured values, inconsistencies were found in three items. Conclusion : The results of this study confirmed that the ROM of the joint could be measured using the 3D motion analysis program applied in this study. In addition, it might be expected that the 3D motion analysis program would be used in various clinical fields owing to the advantages of measurement convenience and accuracy.

연구논문 : 3차원 인체형상과 3차원 동작분석에 의한 방화복 소매패턴 개발

한설아 ( Sul Ah Han ),남윤자 ( Yun Ja Nam ),윤혜준 ( Hye Jun Yoon ),이상희 ( Sang Hee Lee ),김현주 ( Hyun Joo Kim ) 한국의류산업학회 2012 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This study aims at developing ergonomics patterns for the sleeve of structural firefighting protective clothing through 3D motion analysis in order to ensure efficiency and safety of firefighters who are exposed to harmful environment at work. A new research pattern was developed by applying the total results of 3D motion analysis, changes of body surface length measurements, and 2D data on 3D body shape analysis on the size 3 patterns of the existing coat sleeve. For the sleeves, we used the body surface length of the range of shoulder`s flexion and the joint angle of the range of wrist`s ulnar deviation. And for the production of structural firefighting protective clothing using the research pattern, we recruited a recognized producer of structural firefighting protective clothing designated by KFI. Unlike everyday clothes, structural firefighting protective clothing should be able to fully protect the wearers from the handful environment that threatens their lives and should not cause any restrictions on their movement Therefore, the focus of research and development of such protective clothing should be placed on consistent development of new technologies and production methods that will provide protection and comfort for the wearer rather than production cost reduction or operational efficiency. This study is meaningful as it applied 3D motion analysis instead of the existing methods to develop the patterns. In particular, since 3D motion analysis enables the measurement of the range of motion, there should be continuous research on the development of ergonomics patterns that consider workers` range of motion.

한국 성인 남자의 상체 동작범위 연구 : 3D 동작분석 장치를 이용하여

朴吉順,柳信娥 服飾文化學會 2000 服飾文化硏究 Vol.8 No.4

The purpose of this study: 1.The total 56 range measurements of active dynamic motion of 4D suject (20's and 30's) were measured using 3-D dynamic motion analysis system. 2,Various comparisons were performed for the right and Ieft side, male, age goups (20's, 30's, and 40's -60's) using previous studies. The result were compared with the other studies in the aspects of age. In this study, the 3-D motion analysis system based on photogrammetry was established and used to analyze the human's motion and posture. The system consists of VICON 140, data acquisition system, and data analysis program (KRISSMAS). The results of this study were as follows : 1.Comparing 20's with 30's the result shows that 30's have larger ROM at some joints, which is inconsistent with the previous result. The reason is that female subjects in 20's were improperly sampled according to the representatives of anthropometry characteristics. 2.There Hre significant differences in some joints related with age. 20's male subjects have more flexible joints in the neck while 30's male subjects have more flexible in their shoulder joint and elbow joint. But most of the significances were not high (p>0.05). The prediction that the right side of Korean bodies Would be mere flexible was net a good hypothesis. And the joints flexibilities are not correlated with Rohrer's Index.

한국성인 남자의 하체 동작범위 연구 : 3D 동작분석 장치를 이용하여

류신아,박길순 복식문화학회 2000 服飾文化硏究 Vol.8 No.5

The purpose of this study: 1.The total 24 range measurements of active dynamic motion of 40 subjects(20's and 30's) were measured using 3-D dynamic motion analysis system. 2.Various comparisons were performed for the right and left side, male, age groups(20's, 30's, and 40's ∼60's) using previous studies. The results were compared with the other studies in the aspects of age. In this study, The 3-D motion analysis system consists of VICON 140, data acquisition system, and data analysis program called by KRISSMAS. VICON 140 is dynamic motion analyzer, and KRISSMAS is a program developed for analysis of the data captured from the VICON. The results of this study were as follows: 1.Comparing 20's∼30's and 40's∼60's the result shows that 40's∼60's have smaller ROM at the most joints(Thoratic and Lumber, Hip Joint, Knee Joint, Ankle Joint), which is inconsistent with the previous result. The reason is that most investigations were carried out using traditional measurement equipments, which have encountered difficulty in quantifying the exact motion of the body. 2.There are no significant mean difference between the right and the left side Most of the significances were not high(>0.05).

The analysis of Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Motion Analysis according to Normal Foot and Flatfoot during Walking

Jung Gyu Yoon,Kyung Tae Yoo,Ji Hong Lee,Jae Min Park,Kyung Ok Min,Jung Hyun Choi 국제물리치료학회 2012 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze lower limb muscle activity and 3D motion analysis according to change foot arch height during walking. We selected 9 young and healthy people who have been normal foot. And we selected 7 young and healthy people who have been flatfoot. So, people were divided into 2 groups and walked platform during 2 minutes twice for checked by 3D motion analysis. These data were characterized by EMG measurements of three muscles( tibialis anterior, medial and lateral gastrocnemius) while they were walking. The collected data were analyzed by Independent t test using the SPSS statistics program(Ver 12.0). In foot arch change, there were no significant difference in three muscles 3D motion analysis also found that there were no significant difference in joint angles. In this study was to analyze lower limb muscle activity and 3D motion analysis according to change foot arch, but there were no significant difference in 6 muscles neither joint angles.

The analysis of Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Motion Analysis according to Normal Foot and Flatfoot during Walking

Yoon, Jung-Gyu,Yoo, Kyung-Tae,Lee, Ji-Hong,Park, Jae-Min,Min, Kyung-Ok,Choi, Jung-Hyun International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2012 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze lower limb muscle activity and 3D motion analysis according to change foot arch height during walking. We selected 9 young and healthy people who have been normal foot. And we selected 7 young and healthy people who have been flatfoot. So, people were divided into 2 groups and walked platform during 2 minutes twice for checked by 3D motion analysis. These data were characterized by EMG measurements of three muscles( tibialis anterior, medial and lateral gastrocnemius) while they were walking. The collected data were analyzed by Independent t test using the SPSS statistics program(Ver 12.0). In foot arch change, there were no significant difference in three muscles 3D motion analysis also found that there were no significant difference in joint angles. In this study was to analyze lower limb muscle activity and 3D motion analysis according to change foot arch, but there were no significant difference in 6 muscles neither joint angles.