Molecular characterization of lepidopteran pest-resistant transgenic rice events expressing synthetic Cry1Ac

Kyeong-Ryeol Lee,Kong Sik Shin,Seok Cheol Suh,Ki Young Kim,Yong Hee Jeon,Beom Seok Park,김주곤,Soon-Jong Kweon,Yeon-Hee Lee 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.4

The insecticidal toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the most commonly used in the development of genetically modified (GM) crops. In this research, we analyzed Bt rice showing lepidopteran pestresistance. The Bt gene is a synthetic Cry1Ac composed of optimal codons for plants, and the Bt protein is targeted to the chloroplast by a transit peptide. Three Cry1Ac rice events (C103-3, C127-1, and C7-1) were analyzed for molecular characterization. C103-3 contains two copies of T-DNA where the left border (LB) region is truncated. Both C7-1 and C127-1 have a single copy of T-DNA, but a part of the vector backbone DNA is inserted into the genome of C127-1; thus, only C7-1 had intact T-DNA. Progenies of C7-1 crossed with the original cultivar, Nakdong, and double-haploid lines from anther culture of lines crossed with the elite cultivar, Dongjin, were analyzed for T-DNA flanking genomic DNA and genotyping. Results showed that an intact T-DNA region without the vector backbone was inserted into the genome and was stably inherited through generations. The C7-1 homozygous event could be used as breeding material to develop GM rice with pest resistance.

Molecular characterization of duck enteritis virus CHv strain UL49.5 protein and its colocalization with glycoprotein M

Meng Lin,Renyong Jia,Mingshu Wang,Xinghong Gao,Dekang Zhu,Shun Chen,Mafeng Liu,Zhongqiong Yin,Yin Wang,Xiaoyue Chen,Anchun Cheng 대한수의학회 2014 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.15 No.3

The UL49.5 gene of most herpesviruses is conserved andencodes glycoprotein N. However, the UL49.5 protein ofduck enteritis virus (DEV) (pUL49.5) has not been reported. In the current study, the DEV pUL49.5 gene was firstsubjected to molecular characterization. To verify thepredicted intracellular localization of gene expression, therecombinant plasmid pEGFP-C1/pUL49.5 was constructedand used to transfect duck embryo fibroblasts. Next, therecombinant plasmid pDsRed1-N1/ glycoprotein M (gM)was produced and used for co-transfection with thepEGFP-C1/pUL49.5 plasmid to determine whether DEVpUL49.5 and gM (a conserved protein in herpesviruses)colocalize. DEV pUL49.5 was thought to be an envelopeglycoprotein with a signal peptide and two transmembranedomains. This protein was also predicted to localize in thecytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum with a probability of66.7%. Images taken by a fluorescence microscope atdifferent time points revealed that the DEV pUL49.5 andgM proteins were both expressed in the cytoplasm. Overlapof the two different fluorescence signals appeared 12 h aftertransfection and continued to persist until the end of theexperiment. These data indicate a possible interaction between DEV pUL49.5 and gM.

Bandgap Modulation of BeZnO Layers Grown by using Hybrid Plasma-Assisted Molecular-Beam Epitaxy/Electron-Beam Deposition

정태수,김정현,D. S. Park,J. H. Yu,김택성,윤창주,홍광준 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.6

Alloyed BeZnO layers were grown by using hybrid plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy/electron-beam deposition. From the X-ray measurements, we certified that the x composition of the BexZn1−xO layers increases with increasing temperature of the Be effusion cell. With increasing x, the optical bandgap energy ranges from 3.236 to 4.122 eV, and a large bowing parameter of 6.32 eV is measured. Therefore, this finding may open up new possibilities for wide bandgap materials by conducting bandgap engineering using bandgap bowing. This indicates that the BexZn1−xO layer through bandgap tuning can be utilized as a barrier layer in active layers consisting of the ZnO/ BexZn1−xO quantum well structure.

A comprehensive study on enhancement of lipid yield from Tetradesmus obliquus MT188616.1

Arekal Nagaraja Roopashri,Roshan Makam 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.1

Microalgae are known to produce neutral-lipids such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), a raw material required for biofuel production. The present study aimed to screen the high lipid producing native microalgae strains from freshwater habitats, select appropriate methods to extract lipid from wet algal biomass, and study fatty acid compositions. At first, isolated twenty native strains among them two isolates that exhibited higher lipid content was further subjected to molecular characterization. Results based on the cell morphology, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these two strains were Tetradesmus obliquus and Ettlia oleoabundans. Based on the growth study of screened algal strains, the biomass ranged from 0.65 g/L to 6.03 g/L with Tetradesmus obliquus providing the highest biomass and total lipid content of 51% when cultured in a nitrogen-deprived medium. The highest lipid yield was obtained with hexane:isopropanol (2 : 1) solvent mixtures, accompanied by an optimized cell wall disruption method. Additionally, it was found that Tetradesmus obliquus had higher contents of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, i.e., 36.19% and 31.49%, respectively, in nitrogen-deprived medium (N), whereas in nitrogen-containing medium (N+) was 27.34% and 28.85%, respectively. Hence, this suggests their suitability for biofuel production.

Evaluation of in vitroWater Stress Tolerance among EMS – Induced Variants of Banana (Musa spp., AAA), Using “Morphological, Physiological and Molecular” Traits

Siamak Shirani Bidabadi,Maziah Mahmood,Sariah Meon,Zakaria Wahab,Cyrus Ghobadi 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.4

Water stress is a serious environmental restriction to banana productivity. Hence, the objective of this study was to employ in vitro mutagenesis in selection and characterization of drought tolerant lines in banana. In vitro culture responses of ethyl methanesulphonate induced variants of banana cultivars, ‘Berangan Intan’ and ‘Berangan’ were assessed concerning morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics involving mutated shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with 30 g L_(-1) PEG. The results showed that water stress tolerant lines could be obtained from induced variations. Variants L_(2-5) and L_(1-5) showed the highest number of leaves per shoot (2.37 and 2.06, respectively) and the lowest were recorded in the parental lines L_(1-1) and L_(2-1) (0.81 and 0.93, respectively). Fresh weight and shoot vigor rate indicated the maximum increase in the water stress tolerant lines compared with susceptible and non-mutated parental lines. L_(2-5) exhibited the most increase in the chlorophyll and the most reduction in H₂O₂ and MDA contents when exposed to water stress. Under PEG treatment, proline and relative water content was enhanced in L_(1-5), L_(2-5), L_(2-6), L_(1-6) L_(2-3), L_(2-4), and L_(1-4). RAPD analysis revealed polymorphism (18.35 and 21.48%) among variants derived from ‘Berangan Intan’ and ‘Berangan’,respectively. The amplified fragments generated by primers opc01, opc04, opa11, and opa20 observed to be specific for L_(2-5) and L_(1-5) as more tolerant followed by L_(2-3), L_(1-4), L_(2-6), and L_(1-6) as moderately tolerant lines against water stress. This study demonstrates the application of in vitro mutagenesis in selection of water stress tolerant lines of banana as a convenient, cheap, and rapid technique.

Evaluation of in vitro Water Stress Tolerance among EMS - Induced Variants of Banana (Musa spp., AAA), Using "Morphological, Physiological and Molecular" Traits

Bidabadi, Siamak Shirani,Mahmood, Maziah,Meon, Sariah,Wahab, Zakaria,Ghobadi, Cyrus 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.4

Water stress is a serious environmental restriction to banana productivity. Hence, the objective of this study was to employ in vitro mutagenesis in selection and characterization of drought tolerant lines in banana. In vitro culture responses of ethyl methanesulphonate induced variants of banana cultivars, 'Berangan Intan' and 'Berangan' were assessed concerning morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics involving mutated shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with 30 g $L^{-1}$ PEG. The results showed that water stress tolerant lines could be obtained from induced variations. Variants $L_{2-5}$ and $L_{1-5}$ showed the highest number of leaves per shoot (2.37 and 2.06, respectively) and the lowest were recorded in the parental lines $L_{1-1}$ and $L_{2-1}$ (0.81 and 0.93, respectively). Fresh weight and shoot vigor rate indicated the maximum increase in the water stress tolerant lines compared with susceptible and non-mutated parental lines. $L_{2-5}$ exhibited the most increase in the chlorophyll and the most reduction in $H_2O_2$ and MDA contents when exposed to water stress. Under PEG treatment, proline and relative water content was enhanced in $L_{1-5}$, $L_{2-5}$, $L_{2-6}$, $L_{1-6}$, $L_{2-3}$, $L_{2-4}$, and $L_{1-4}$. RAPD analysis revealed polymorphism (18.35 and 21.48%) among variants derived from 'Berangan Intan' and 'Berangan', respectively. The amplified fragments generated by primers opc01, opc04, opa11, and opa20 observed to be specific for $L_{2-5}$ and $L_{1-5}$ as more tolerant followed by $L_{2-3}$, $L_{1-4}$, $L_{2-6}$, and $L_{1-6}$ as moderately tolerant lines against water stress. This study demonstrates the application of in vitro mutagenesis in selection of water stress tolerant lines of banana as a convenient, cheap, and rapid technique.

High-Yield Functional Molecular Electronic Devices

Jeong, Hyunhak,Kim, Dongku,Xiang, Dong,Lee, Takhee American Chemical Society 2017 ACS NANO Vol.11 No.7

<P>An ultimate goal of molecular electronics, which seeks to incorporate molecular components into electronic circuit units, is to generate functional molecular electronic devices using individual or ensemble molecules to fulfill the increasing technical demands of the miniaturization of traditional silicon-based electronics. This review article presents a summary of recent efforts to pursue this ultimate aim, covering the development of reliable device platforms for high-yield ensemble molecular junctions and their utilization in functional molecular electronic devices, in which distinctive electronic functionalities are observed due to the functional molecules. In addition, other aspects pertaining to the practical application of molecular devices such as manufacturing compatibility with existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, their integration, and flexible device applications are also discussed. These advances may contribute to a deeper understanding of charge transport characteristics through functional molecular junctions and provide a desirable roadmap for future practical molecular electronics applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2017/ancac3.2017.11.issue-7/acsnano.7b02967/production/images/medium/nn-2017-02967c_0026.gif'></P>

Polymer characterization by interaction chromatography

Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2005 Journal of polymer science Part B, Polymer physics Vol.43 No.13

<P>Liquid chromatography (LC) is a powerful tool for the characterization of synthetic polymers, that are inherently heterogeneous in molecular weight, chain architecture, chemical composition, and microstructure. Of different versions of the LC methods, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is most commonly used for the molecular weight distribution analysis. SEC separates the polymer molecules according to the size of a polymer chain, a well-defined function of molecular weight for linear homopolymers. The same, however, cannot be said of nonlinear polymers or copolymers. Hence, SEC is ill suited for and inefficient in separating the molecules in terms of chemical heterogeneity, such as differences in chemical composition of copolymers, tacticity, and functionality. For these purposes, another chromatographic method called interaction chromatography (IC) is found as a better tool because its separation mechanism is sensitive to the chemical nature of the molecules. The IC separation utilizes the enthalpic interactions to vary adsorption or partition of solute molecules to the stationary phase. Thus, it is used to separate polymers in terms of their chemical composition distribution or functionality. Further, the IC method has been shown to give rise to much higher resolution over SEC in separating polymers by molecular weight. We present here our recent progress in polymer characterization with this method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 1591-1607, 2005</P>

Characteristics on Catalytic Removal of Sulfur and Nitrogen from Atmospheric Residues at Molecular Level

정회경,박초이,전민석,박주일 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

The detailed investigation of heavy oil upgrading catalysis is important because heteroatom-containing compounds are detrimental to refining processes and the environment. ARs with different compositions were hydrotreated in two plug-flow reactors in series to study the catalytic behavior at molecular level. In order to elucidate the catalytic behavior, a 15-T FT-ICR MS equipped with APPI was applied to determine the molecular composition without chemical derivatization. We compared the bulk and molecular behavior of AR hydrotreating catalysts. The catalytic activity at molecular level was determined with respect to the relative abundance of DBE distribution dependent on carbon number for each class. We concluded that HDS is dominant for single-sulfur heteroatom systems (S1, S2, and S3), whereas binary and ternary nitrogen heteroatom systems (N_nO_o, N_nS_s, N_nO_oS_s) were effectively hydrodenitrogenated.

Molecular Characterization of Rathi and Tharparkar Indigenous Cattle (Bos indicus) Breeds by RAPD-PCR

Sharma, Amit Kumar,Bhushan, Bharat,Kumar, Sanjeev,Kumar, Pushpendra,Sharma, Arjava,Kumar, Satish Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.9

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR) analysis was carried out using DNA samples of 30 animals of Rathi cattle and 42 animals of Tharparkar cattle. Genomic DNA was isolated as per standard protocol and evaluated for its quality, purity and concentration. Twenty three random primers were screened out of which 15 primers yielded satisfactory amplifications and were used for further analysis. Average numbers of polymorphic fragments per primer were 7.07${\pm}$0.86 in Rathi and 6.80${\pm}$0.61 in Tharparkar cattle. The percentage of polymorphic bands in these two cattle breeds were 86 and 87%, respectively. Within breed genetic similarities for pooled over primers in the animals of Rathi and Tharparkar breeds were .577${\pm}$0.30 and 0.531${\pm}$0.02, respectively on the basis of band frequency (BF) and 0.645${\pm}$0.04 and 0.534${\pm}$0.04, respectively on the basis of band sharing (BS). Averages of between breed genetic similarities for pooled over primers were 0.97 and 0.92 according to BF and BS, respectively, which reflect higher degree of genetic similarity between Rathi and Tharparkar cattle breeds. Index of genetic distance based on BF and BS for pooled over primers was 0.030${\pm}$0.011 and 0.088${\pm}$0.031, respectively. Percentage of polymorphic bands and within-breed genetic similarities on the basis of band frequency (BF) and band sharing (BS) for pooled over primers revealed higher genetic similarity in Rathi than Tharparkar cattle population. High estimates of between breed genetic similarities for pooled over primers indicated that either Rathi is having decent from Tharparkar or both the cattle breeds are having common descent. Low value of Index of genetic distances between these two cattle breeds may be due to the fact that Rathi and Tharparkar cattle breeds are the native of Thar Desert in Northwest India. The results of between breed genetic distances also confirm the existence of high degree of genetic similarity between these two breeds of cattle.