龍山시대 海岱지구 稻作文化 - 稻作의 전파와 확산 機制 -

배진영 한국중국학회 2010 中國學報 Vol.61 No.-

The purpose of this research was to investigate the reasons why rice farming was disseminated in Haidai district in the period of Longshan Culture. After this research, for this, examined the dissemination process of the farming into the district and the substance of rice farming management in the district, a mechanism for the spread of the farming was presumed. According to the examination, the dissemination the farming in the district in the period began in full scale from the latter half period of Daiwenkou Culture, and the farming spread quickly at the coming period of Longshan Culture. The inflow of the farming into the district was a phenomenon that appeared during the dissemination process of the farming in the north bound throughout the long period of time. Besides, the beginning of the farming in the period of Longshan Culture was not caused by either climate changes or the movement and replacement of foreign political states as external causes. It is considered that such spread of the farming was caused intertwiningly by two internal causes: firstly, evolution of Longshan Cultureto to etiquette society and, secondly, population increase. The first cause can be examined by the following process. The evolution to etiquette society was maintained throughout frequent religious ceremonies. And, in the process of the ceremonies, the brewing industries developed greatly. Consequently there was a need for rice as the main raw material of brewing. The second cause is as follows. The extremely developed Longshan Culture caused increase of population. Consequently a need for food source was raised to support the increased population. Therefore, it is considered that necessary was the restructuring of the agriculture that cultivated rice, the most productive farming. As stated, it is considered that there is a strong aspect that the dissemination and spread of the rice farming in the district in the period of Longshan Culture was caused by the internal needs of the Longshan society.

용산(龍山)시대 해대(海岱)지구 도작문화(稻作文化) -도작(稻作)의 전파와 확산 기제(機制)-

배진영 ( Jin Young Bae ) 한국중국학회 2010 중국학보 Vol.61 No.-

The purpose of this research was to investigate the reasons why rice farming was disseminated in Haidai district in the period of Longshan Culture. After this research, for this, examined the dissemination process of the farming into the district and the substance of rice farming management in the district, a mechanism for the spread of the farming was presumed. According to the examination, the dissemination the farming in the district in the period began in full scale from the latter half period of Daiwenkou Culture, and the farming spread quickly at the coming period of Longshan Culture. The inflow of the farming into the district was a phenomenon that appeared during the dissemination process of the farming in the north bound throughout the long period of time. Besides, the beginning of the farming in the period of Longshan Culture was not caused by either climate changes or the movement and replacement of foreign political states as external causes. It is considered that such spread of the farming was caused intertwiningly by two internal causes: firstly, evolution of Longshan Cultureto to etiquette society and, secondly, population increase. The first cause can be examined by the following process. The evolution to etiquette society was maintained throughout frequent religious ceremonies. And, in the process of the ceremonies, the brewing industries developed greatly. Consequently there was a need for rice as the main raw material of brewing. The second cause is as follows. The extremely developed Longshan Culture caused increase of population. Consequently a need for food source was raised to support the increased population. Therefore, it is considered that necessary was the restructuring of the agriculture that cultivated rice, the most productive farming. As stated, it is considered that there is a strong aspect that the dissemination and spread of the rice farming in the district in the period of Longshan Culture was caused by the internal needs of the Longshan society.

한국 친환경농업과 대안성 - ‘관행화’가설과 관련하여 -

윤병선,김철규,송원규 한국환경사회학회 2014 환경사회학연구 ECO Vol.18 No.2

Since the 1970s, harmful effects of agricultural pesticides with the spread of green revolution have resulted in the rise of eco-friendly agriculture by a small number of farmers concerned about nature and life. Afterwards, eco-friendly agriculture has expanded as the government provided support to the eco-friendly farmers as a response to the opening of agriculture market to foreign imports. Governmental intervention was focused mainly on certification system and supply of materials for eco-friendly farming. However, the governmental support has resulted in the undermining of the cause and alternative value of eco-friendly agriculture as it was based on productivist model. This paper, with an attention to the alternative values of eco-friendly agriculture, examined the nation’s eco-friendly farming by testing ‘conventionalization hypothesis.’ In other words, we analyzed how the alternative values of eco-friendly agriculture contributed to the actual farming scenes, thereby assessing the performance of eco-friendly farming in Korean agriculture. And based on the evaluation, we reviewed the meaning and sustainability of the alternative values of eco-friendly agriculture in the context of overall Korean agriculture. The data used in this research is based on results of a survey conducted from July 10 to August 25, 2014 for 538 farmers participating in eco-friendly education programs which were held throughout the nation. As a result of the survey, we obtained the following significant findings. First, eco-friendly agriculture has strengthened relationship. Farmers with higher level of practicing eco-friendly farming tend to have stronger relationship with the consumers. In particular, most of respondents said that as the rate of direct trade increased, relationship became more solid. Second, eco-friendly farming has led to improvement in ecology. Farmers with higher level of practicing eco-friendly farming experienced positive change in ecology (i.e. increase of the number of eco-friendly crops and size of farming land, etc.). Third, it was found that there is no definite relationship between farming land increase and the alternative values. Fourth, eco-friendly agriculture has not generated a positive result in terms of internal-dependence. That may be attributed to the government’s heavy focus on supporting eco-friendly agricultural materials from market, resulting in stagnation of internal circulation of agriculture. Fifth, farmers who wished to expand eco-friendly farming have relatively higher level of internal-dependence, ecology, and relationship. In short, it is expected that eco-friendly farming may play a significant role in restoring relations that were damaged by conventional farming methods under the modern agri-food system. Based on what we found, we conclude that the ‘conventionalization’ of eco-friendly farming in Korea has not taken place. Yet, in order to heighten the sustainability, eco-friendly farming needs to improve internal-dependence by decreasing the farming material provided by the market via government policy. 1970년대 이후 녹색혁명의 확산으로 농약피해가 심각해지면서 친환경농업이 하나의 대안으로 자리 잡게 되었다. 이후 한국의 친환경농업은 농산물수입개방에 대응하기 위한 정책의 하나로 육성되었다. 정부의 정책적 개입은 주로 인증제도의 마련과 친환경농자재의 지원을 중심으로 이루어졌고, 그 성과는 친환경농업의 확산으로 나타났다. 그러나 정부의 친환경육성정책이 대안적 의미나 가치에 대한 고민보다는 인증중심, 친환경농자재 지원을 중심으로 이뤄지면서 친환경농업의 가치지향성이 훼손되는 부정적인 결과도 나타났다. 본 논문은 친환경농업의 대안성에 주목하면서, 현재 한국의 친환경농업을 ‘관행화’ 가설과 관련하여 검토했다. ‘관행화’는 다양한 측면에서 고려될 수 있는데, 본 연구는 내부의존성, 생태성, 관계성이라는 세가지 측면에서 분석을 하였다. 이를 통해 친환경농업이 실제로 농업현장에서 어떤 형태로 대안성을 발현하고 있는지에 관한 분석을 통해서 한국 농업에서 친환경농업의 성과를 객관적으로 평가하고, 이를 바탕으로 현재 한국 농업에서 친환경농업이 가지고 있는 대안적 의미와 지속가능성에 대해 검토했다. 본 연구는 2014년 7월 10일부터 8월 25일 사이에 전국 일원에서 실시된 친환경농업인 교육에 참여한 생산자 538명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 바탕으로 이루어졌다. 설문분석결과 발견한 의미있는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 친환경농업을 통해서 관계성이 강화되고 있다는 점이다. 친환경농업 실천수준이 높은 농가일수록 관계성이 강화되는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 직거래비중이 높을수록 관계성이 강화되었다는 응답이 높았다. 둘째, 친환경농업을 통해서 생태성이 강화되고 있다는 점이다. 친환경농업 실천수준이 높은 농민일수록 긍정적인 생태성변화(재배품목의 증대와 재배면적의 증가 등)가 나타나고 있었다. 셋째, 경작면적의 증가와 대안성 사이에는 명확한 관계가 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 친환경농업을 통해서 내부의존성의 강화라는 긍정적 대안성은 발휘되지 못하고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 내부의존성의 강화가 나타나지 못한 이유로 친환경농자재지원 중심의 정부정책으로 인해서 농업내부의 순환성이 강화되지 못한 측면을 지적할 수 있을 것이다. 다섯째, 친환경농업을 확대할 의향을 가지고 있는 농민들은 상대적으로 높은 수준의 내부의존성, 생태성, 관계성을 실천하고 있거나 체득하고 있다. 이런 점에서 친환경농업은 현대 농식품체계 하의 관행농업에 의해서 파괴한 관계들을 회복하는 데 중요한 역할을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이상의 논의를 통해서 볼 때, 한국의 친환경농업이 ‘관행화’을 걷고 있다는 평가를 내릴 수 있는 근거는 희박하다고 할 수 있다. 다만 자재공급 중심의 친환경농업정책이 갖고 있는 한계가 나타나고 있으며, 이는 내부의존성 강화를 통한 대안적 가치의 확보 노력이 필요하다는 점을 보여준다.

유럽의 유기축산 사례 및 우리나라 유기축산의 발전 방안

안종호 ( Ahn Jong-ho ),조익환 ( Jo Ik-hwan ),이주삼 ( Lee Ju-sam ) 한국유기농업학회 2003 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

Organic livestock farming in northern European regions has been expanded with the major animals of large ruminants using pastures and grass silages. Organic livestock farming in some European countries has been in rather short of productivity compared to the conventional livestock farming, however since the gap of productivity between organic and conventional livestock farming has been reported to be reduced when the efficiency of management would improve, organic livestock farming has a potential to develop as a clean livestock farming in the future. We expect that organic livestock farming be propelled to a future model of livestock farming in Korea too. As the schemes for realization of organic livestock farming in Korea, firstly a system for the consistent supply of organic feed should be established. Mountainous areas that represents 63% of total area of Korea could be utilized for the production of organic forages. Uncultivated rice paddy and upland agricultural field could also be used for this purpose. The active application of organic agricultural by-products such as organic rice straw, organic rice bran and so forth can be considered for organic livestock farming. Secondly, the replacement of anti-biotics for the management of animal diseases should be developed using natural products. Plants and microbes would be good sources of natural products. Thirdly, the realization of organic livestock farming may require a system for certification of the organic farms and consequently the experts to work on.

한국과 미국의 낙농경영 비교 연구

김형화 한국농업정책학회, 한국축산경영학회 2003 농업경영정책연구 Vol.30 No.3

This paper analyzed comparatively the dairy farming in Korea and U.S.A. The dairy farming in Korea is a low-tech small sized farm but that in U.S.A is a high-tech large sized farm. The scale economy of mild production is applied both to small sizes dairy of Korea and to large sized dairy of U.S.A. Therefore both countries are required to increase their dairy farm size to enlarge their competitive power in the dairy market. The dairy farming in Korea can be called a fabric type farming based on the mono cultivation and purchased feed. That in U.S.A can be called a farm type farming based on the complex cultivation and self-supplied feed. It will be difficult to increase the scale of Korean dairy farming, because the environment can be easily polluted under the fabric type farming and the environmental cost tends to increase. On the contrary the environment cost can be saved in the farm type farming and the scale of the dairy farming in U.S.A will easily be increased.

Comparison of Soil Physical Properties in Conventional and Organic Farming Apple Orchards

Chung, Jong-Bae The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2007 한국환경농학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Soil physical properties in organic farming apple orchard were evaluated in relation to conventional farming to better understand the effects of organic farming system on soil quality. Two adjacent apple orchards, matched by soil type, were chosen to ensure the same pedological conditions except management system. Soil samples were collected from middle of two adjacent trees along the tree line at two depths of 5-20 and 20-35 cm in September 2006. Contents of organic matter in organic farming soil were twice as much as those found in soil of conventional farming. The higher level of organic matter in organic farming soil was reflected through a consequent trend in improved soil physical properties. Organic farming produced greater aggregation in >2 mm size and increased aggregate stability. Bulk density was lower by 13% and hence porosity was higher in soils of organic farming as compared with conventional farming. Water holding capacity was significantly greater with organic farming by >17% over conventional farming. The capacity of organic farming to improve soil physical properties can be contributed to the regular application of relatively large amount of organic materials and the sustainable ground-cover managements, mulching with compost and cover crop cultivation.

Spider Communities between Traditional farming and Environmental friendly farming in Rice fields

Kim Seung Tae,Lee Sue Yeon,Jung Jong Kook,Lee Joon-Ho 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

Field survey was conducted to determine the differences of spider community between traditional farming and environmental friendly farming at 17 localities, Korea in 2008. In guild structure, The occupancy rate of pest group, general group and natural enemy group was 37.3%, 41.0% and 21.6% respectively in environmental friendly farming, and 36.9%, 35.6% and 27.5% respectively in traditional farming. Among natural enemy group, parasitoids and predators were 15.8% and 84.2% respectively in environmental friendly farming, and 28.1% and 71.9% respectively in traditional farming. Among natural enemy group, rice field spiders were 74.4% and 62.2% in environmental friendly farming and traditional farming respectively. Among predators, rice field spiders were 86.7% in environmental friendly farming and 84.9% in traditional farming. Rice field spider community comprises 28 species of 24 genera belonging to 10 families and 30 species of 24 genera belonging to 10 families in environmental friendly farming and traditional farming respectively. Dominant families were Lycosidae, Linyphiidae and Tetragnathidae and dominant species were Pirata subpiraticus, Ummeliata insecticeps, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Gnathonarium dentatum and Packygnatha clercki in both agricultural practices. The ratio of hunting spiders and webbing spiders was similar between agricultural practices.

한국농수산대학 졸업생의 영농정착률 제고 방안

김진모,주대진,길대환,황영훈 한국농·산업교육학회 2011 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.43 No.3

The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) to examine the causes of the deferred farming practice or the repayment of tuition waivers among the graduates from NCAF(the National College of Agriculture and Fisheries), and 2) to establish strategies for enhancing the sustained farming practice ratio of NCAF graduates. For this purpose, literature reviews on NCAF including its internal documents were analyzed to identify the current situation of NCAF graduates who deferred farming practice or paid back their tuition waivers after graduation. And for further analysis a survey instrument was developed based on the literature review, and the telephone interviews were conducted using the survey instrument. The responded survey results of 88 out of the total 242 graduates who deferred farming practice or paid back their tuition waivers were analyzed. The results showed that the major three causes of deferring farming practice and paying back tuition waivers were the lack of foundational resource, low farming households income, and conflicts with their parents. Also, the minor causes were in the following order: the lack of farming skills and experiences, difficulties in finding a spouse, giving up farming after marriage, and heavy workload in farming. Based on the analysis of the causes of deferring farming practice or paying back of tuition waivers among the NCAF graduates, subject matter experts and the research team established five strategies for enhancing the sustained farming practice ratio: 1) improvement of the freshmen selection system of NCAF, 2) improvement of the start-up support system for farming successors, 3) customization of the farm business start-up funds according to their specialties and major fields of farming, 4) improvement of the obligated farming practice system, and 5) role specification and enhanced liaison among NCAF, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and local governments in supporting NCAF graduates. The findings of this study can be used as foundational information for supporting NCAF graduates’ starting-up farm business and their farming practices. 이 연구는 한국농수산대학 졸업생 중 영농유예 및 학비상환자들의 특성과 원인을 구명하고 이들의 영농정착률을 제고하기 위한 방안을 수립하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국농수산대학 관련 문헌과 내부자료 분석을 통해 영농유예 및 학비상환 졸업생들의 현황을 파악하고, 그 원인을 분석하기 위한 도구를 개발하였다. 개발된 원인분석 도구를 활용하여 한국농수산대학 졸업생 중 영농유예 및 학비상환자 전체 242명을 대상으로 전화설문조사를 실시하였고 이 중 조사에 응답한 88명의 결과를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 영농기반 부족, 농가소득 부족, 부모와의 갈등이 주요한 원인으로 나타났고, 이어서 영농기술 및 경험부족, 결혼문제, 결혼 후 영농이탈·영농노동량과다 순으로 나타났다. 이상의 한국농수산대학 영농유예 및 학비상환의 원인 분석결과를 토대로 연구진회의와 전문가협의회를 통해 다섯 개의 영농정착률 제고 방안을 수립하였다. 첫째, 한국농수산대학의 신입생 선발 시스템 개선, 둘째, 후계농 창업지원제도 개선, 셋째, 영농현실을 고려한 영농분야 및 전공에 따른 맞춤형 지원방안 수립, 넷째, 영농희망자를 고려한 의무영농제도 개선, 다섯째, 한국농수산대학·농림수산식품부·지방자치단체 등 영농창업 및 정착과 관련된 기관들 간의 지원역할 명확화 및 연계강화를 제시하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 향후 한국농수산대학 졸업생의 영농창업 및 영농정착을 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

전과정평가 기법을 통한 친환경농산물 라벨링 제도에 대한 환경영향 분석

김솔희 ( Solhee Kim ),김태곤 ( Taegon Kim ),박진선 ( Jinseon Park ),서교 ( Kyo Suh ) 한국농공학회 2016 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2016 No.-

Concerns about climate change have forced countries to strengthen the regulations, standards, and certifications related to greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the total implications of rice farming for various certification systems including organic farming, non-pesticide farming, and low-pesticide farming. For this study, we constructed a life-cycle inventory (LCI) of rice farming systems including conventional, low-pesticide, non-pesticide, and organic farming systems in South Korea, and then conducted a life-cycle assessment according to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards. Finally, we compared international farming systems in South Korea, the US, and Europe. The data for the LCI for both countries came from the U.S. LCI database of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and documents from the Korean Foundation of Agriculture Technical Commercialization and Transfer (FACT). For the classification stage, we set up 10 impact categories associated with agriculture to evaluate the environmental implications of various rice farming systems. The characteristics of Korean rice farming systems significantly affect climate change differently according to the farming method: conventional farming is 1.01E+00 kg CO2-equivalents, while low-pesticide farming is 6.01E-01 kg CO2-equivalents, non-pesticide farming is 5.31E-01 kg CO2-equivalents, and organic farming is 6.58E-01 kg CO2-equivalents. The next most influential impact category is Eutrophication potential (EP). By normalization, Eutrophication potential (EP) has a significant impact on the environment, with European conventional farming being 103% higher than Korean conventional farming. These results appear to be based on the amount of use of synthetic pesticides, chemical fertilizers, antibiotics, bactericides and other chemical materials.

소작제 금지의 원칙

사동천(Sha Dong Cheon) 조선대학교 법학연구원 2017 法學論叢 Vol.24 No.2

Rental, which is a modern system, has been introduced, but there wasn t any discussion about what tenant farming is, which took a role as rental in the feudal age. In Japan, tenant farming is defined as a concept that includes rental and loan of use. Feudal tenant farming is the surplus working for the landowner through non-economic compulsion to tenant farmer. It means that the landowner manages tenant farmer s labor, and also the production so that the landowner collects high farm rent. It has similar points with the employment in current civil law, but it is distinguished from it because feudal tenant farming includes the concept of labor exploitation. Also, it is distinguished from rental due to the point of dominating the labor. Thus, feudal tenant farming has characteristics of 1) the landowner s force to the tenant farmer to do surplus labor, 2) the landowner s purpose of cultivation profits, 3) a high rate of farm rent. On the other hand, the semi-feudal tenant farming has characteristics of 2) and 3). It means that even though compulsory labor practice (labor exploitation) is gone, there is still a indirect labor exploitation economically. We can say that the semi-feudal tenant farming and a high-rate rental contract in the rental in modern days coincides. It means that in the farmland lease, the high-rate of rental contract can be told as the semi-feudal tenant farming on the point that it has a characteristics of indirect labor exploitation. Therefore, unless the principle of prohibiting tenant farming is discarded, we need to set a range of the level of highness of the rental contract and decide certain point of the rate would be considered as the semi-feudal tenant farming. In Constitution, tenant farming is interpreted as absolute prohibition, the system that goes against it would be invalid. Therefore, we need to define the contents of the farmland lease, differently from the rental regulation in civil law. In this case, I suggest legalizing the allowance of 5% per production output in the Agricultural Land Act as a maximum, and considering collecting more than 5% of the rental as a tenant farming. Scholars of constitutions and non-farmers who owns farmland suggests that the prohibition of the tenant farming on the latter part of the Constitution 제121조 제1항 should be discarded. Argument of those who agree to discard the regulation is based on the feudal meaning of tenant farming which is already gone, and does not understand or does not even consider the distinct characteristics of the smart-farm farming based on the fourth industrial revolution. After the liberation the tenant farming was strictly banned by Farmland Reform Act, and the semi-feudal tenant farming has revived and was included to 제3공화국 헌법 제113조; therefore their argument does not understand the meaning of the tenant farming and the reality of agriculture, and is based on the wrong situation. In smartfarm agriculture, which is the new and advanced form of the agriculture, collecting a high rate of farm rent is expected. Smartfarm agriculture, a future agriculture system, combines the greenhouse and the fourth industry so the mass production per floors is available; also, by the automatic controlling technique, 12-crops for the vegetable is available, so if people collect 10% of the annual production as farm rent, it becomes a high rate of the farm rent that reaches 120% of the single crop. It will be an important factor that would raise the price of the farmland and destroy a principle of farmland ownership. By maintaining the principle of prohibiting tenant farming, it will be the evidence for regulating the rental in farmland lease. 근대적 제도인 임대차가 도입되었지만, 봉건시대 임대차의 역할을 담당했던 소작제가 무엇인지 진지한 논의가 없었다. 일본에서 소작제란 임대차와 사용대차를 총칭하는 개념으로 이해되고 있다. 봉건적 소작제란 소작인에 대한 경제외적인 강제를 통해 지주를 위한 잉여노동행위라고 한다. 즉, 지주가 소작인의 노동을 지배하고, 생산에 대해서도 지배함으로써 고율의 소작료를 징수하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 현행 민법상 고용과 비슷한 면이 있지만, 노동착취라는 개념이 내재되었다는 점에서 고용과는 구별된다. 또한 임대차와는 노동의 지배라는 점에서 구별된다. 즉, 봉건적 소작제는 1) 지주의 소작인에 대한 강제적 잉여노동행위, 2) 지주의 경작소득 목적, 3) 고율의 소작료 등을 특징으로 한다고 할 수 있다. 이에 반하여 반봉건적 소작제는 2)와 3)을 특징으로 한다. 즉 강제적 노동행위(즉 노동착취)라는 특징이 사라졌지만, 여전히 경제적인 측면에서의 간접적인 노동착취를 특징으로 한다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 반봉건적 소작제는 오늘날 임대차에 있어서 고율의 차임약정과 일치한다고 할 수 있다. 즉, 농지임대차에 있어서 고율의 차임약정은 간접적인 노동착취를 특징으로 한다는 점에서 반봉건적 소작제라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 소작제금지원칙을 폐기하지 않는 한, 어느 정도의 고율의 차임약정이 반봉건적 소작제에 해당하는 지를 정할 필요가 있다. 헌법상 소작제는 절대적 금지로 해석되기 때문에, 이에 반하는 제도는 무효가 될 것이다. 따라서 민법상 임대차 규정과는 달리 허용되는 농지임대차가 어떤 내용으로 구성되는지 정의할 필요성이 있다. 이 경우 농지법상 1회 생산량의 5%를 상한으로 허용하고, 그 이상의 차임을 받는 경우는 소작제에 해당하는 것으로 입법화할 것을 제안한다. 헌법 제121조 제1항 후단의 소작제금지의 원칙은 폐지하여야 한다는 논의가 헌법학자 및 농지를 소유한 비농업인으로부터 제기되고 있다. 폐지론자들의 주장은 이미 소멸된 봉건적 의미의 소작제를 전제로 하고 있고, 4차 산업혁명을 기초로 하는 스마트팜 농업의 특수성을 전혀 이해하지 못하거나 고려조차 하지 않고 있다. 해방이후 농지개혁법에 의하여 소작제는 엄격히 금지되었고, 다시 반봉건적 소작제가 부활하면서 제3공화국 헌법 제113조에 편입된 것이므로, 폐지론자들의 주장은 소작제의 의미 및 농업의 현실을 이해하지 못하고 그릇된 상황을 전제로 하는 주장이다. 선진화된 새로운 농업형태인 스마트팜 농업에 있어서는 고율의 소작료(차임)징수가 예상되고 있다. 미래의 농업시스템인 스마트팜 농업은 온실하우스에 4차 산업혁명을 접목시킴으로써 층별 공간단위로 대량생산이 가능하고, 자동화된 제어기술에 의하여 채소류의 경우 12모작이 가능한데, 가령 연생산량의 10%를 소작료로 징수하더라도 1모작의 120%에 이르는 고율의 소작료(차임)가 된다. 이것은 특히 도시근교에 있어서 농지가격의 상승과 경자유전의 원칙을 파괴시키는 중요한 요인이 될 것이다. 소작제금지 규정이 헌법에 존치함으로써, 농지임대차에 있어서 차임을 제한할 근거가 될 수 있을 것이다. 이 경우 농지법상 임대차의 차임규정을 신설할 필요성이 있고, 스위스가 임차료를 토지수익가치의 3.5%를 상한으로 하고 있음에 비추어 “임대차의 연차임은 당해 농지의 연간 1회 생산량의 5%를 넘지 못한다.”라는 규정신설을 제안한다.