The Impact of Energy Saving Practices: An Estimation of Residential Electricity Consumption in the Philippines

Anna Floresca F,Firmalino 한국무역연구원 2020 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.16 No.1

Purpose – Recognizing the rise in household electricity consumption and the share of the residential sector in electricity consumption in the Philippines, this paper develops a household electricity model to analyze household electricity consumption and the factors that significantly affect related behavior among Philippine households, with an emphasis on the impact of energy-saving practices as promoted by the government and industry. Design/Methodology/Approach – The demand for electricity in the Philippines is examined via an Ordinary Least Squares Regression of several functional forms of a residential electricity consumption model, using data from the Household Energy Consumption Surveys of 2004 and 2011. Findings – Results show that electricity consumption is price inelastic and reacts as a normal good to income changes, with income effects stronger at lower incomes. Charcoal was found to be a complement, while fuelwood, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas were substitutes to electricity. Results also showed that household size, urbanity, and the capital stock of appliances directly relate to household electricity consumption. Research Implications – From the perspective of energy policy, there seems to be a need to rethink information campaigns relating to energy-saving and reducing practices and alternatives. As the backfire phenomenon (the extreme case of the rebound effect) seems to manifest among the survey households, there seem to be misconceptions regarding the appropriate use and purpose of energy efficient electrical devices, which should be clarified to preclude greater electricity consumption and promote energy savings. If public information and awareness campaigns can be redesigned to prevent the backfire phenomenon, there is a potential to reduce the residential use of electricity.

전력소비량과 주식시장 활동 간의 관계 연구

김현모,박재홍 한국엔터프라이즈아키텍처학회 2017 정보기술아키텍처연구 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study is investigate that relationship between electricity consumptionand KOSPI. Prior many studies in financial literature suggest that variables correlated withbusiness cycle can predict stock market activities. We considered industrial electricity consumptionto be a good proxy of a business cycle as higher electricity consumption reflects more intensivecapital utilization and implies more maintenance investment. Many researchers in energy fields suggest that energy consumption leads to economic growth. KOSPI is defined as the macroeconomicvariable that is a series of indexes that track the overall Korean Stock Exchanges. Thisindex represents a barometer of the overall macroscopic economic situation in Korea. Thus, weempirically showed that predictive power of electricity consumption on KOSPI, and predictivepower of KOSPI on electricity consumption. For the empirically analysis, we collected data of measuredelectricity consumption and KOSPI from 1982 January to 2014 December. We first performedunit root test and cointegration test. Based on the results, we employed Vector ErrorCorrection Model(VECM) model to estimate the predictive power between electricity consumptionand KOSPI. In VECM analysis results, we found that electricity consumption in service industrynegatively correlated with electricity consumption in manufacturing industry. Contrary, electricityconsumption of manufacturing industry has positively correlated with electricity consumption ofservice industry. On the other hand, electricity consumption of service industry has negatively correlatedwith KOSPI. The results of this study contribute to energy management and finance literature. We suggest implication of academics and practice for energy management and financeliterature. 본 연구의 목적은 전력소비량 및 주식시장 활동 상호 간의 예측력을 실증적인 방법으로 확인하는 것이다. 지금까지 수행된 전력소비량 예측 연구는 예측변수로서 국내총생산, 국민총생산 등과 같은경제성장률 지표에 초점을 맞추었으나, 경제상황과 밀접한 관련성을 가진 국내 주식시장 활동을 고려하지 않았다. 뿐만 아니라, 경기순환의 대리변수 중 하나인 전력소비량이 주식시장 활동에 미치는 영향력을 확인하는 연구 또한 수행되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 전력소비량 및 주식시장 활동 상호 간의 예측 가능성을 검토한다. 본 연구는 우리나라 산업용 전력소비량 중 많은 비중을 차지하는 제조업및 서비스업 전력소비량에 초점을 맞추었다. 또한 주식시장 활동을 나타내는 지표로서 국내 주식시장전체의 주가 움직임을 나타내는 종합주가지수(KOSPI)를 고려하였다. 본 연구는 실증분석을 위하여,1982년 1월부터 2014년 12월까지 발생된 우리나라 제조업 및 서비스업 전력소비량, 종합주가지수의월간 데이터를 수집하였고, 이를 기반으로 시계열 분석을 수행하였다. 가장 먼저, 단위근 및 공적분 검정, 적정시차 분석을 통해 벡터오차수정모형을 수립하였고, 이를 기반으로 제조업 및 서비스업 전력소비량과 종합주가지수 상호 간의 예측력을 확인하였다. 벡터오차수정모형 분석 결과, 서비스업 전력소비량과 제조업 전력소비량은 상호 간에 대한 예측력을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 서비스업 전력소비량은 종합주가지수(KOSPI)에 대한 예측력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 에너지 관리및 재무경영학 문헌에 학술적인 시사점을 제공하며, 전력수요 관리 및 주식시장 활동 측면의 실무적시사점을 제공한다.

The effect of interest in renewable energy on US household electricity consumption: An analysis using Google Trends data

Park, Sungjun,Kim, Jinsoo Elsevier 2018 RENEWABLE ENERGY Vol.127 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Google Trends is a service based on big data that shows the frequency of global searches in real time. As an index of individual interest, Google Trends has been used in various research fields. This study estimates the relationship between household electricity consumption and individuals' interest in energy based on Google Trends data. In particular, from the viewpoint of renewable energy, we compare the relationship between electricity consumption and the “renewable” Google Trends keyword with that between electricity consumption and other keywords. A model is constructed to examine the effect on household consumption of substituting electricity with renewable energy. We find that household electricity consumption decreases by 16.017 million kWh for every one unit increase in search of the “renewable” keyword. This study therefore illustrates that Google Trends enables the estimation of driving factors that are difficult to uncover when analyzing with various economic indicators.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigate the impact of Google Trends data on the US household electricity consumption. </LI> <LI> The panel analysis is applied to examine the effect of renewable energy on household electricity consumption. </LI> <LI> The “renewable” and “temperature” keywords are significant with household electricity consumption. </LI> <LI> Household electricity consumption decreases as “renewable” keyword search volume increases. </LI> </UL> </P>

LMDI를 활용한 서울시 전력소비량 특성 연구

한준,정연미 한국환경정책학회 2020 環境政策 Vol.28 No.2

This study decomposed changes in Seoul's electricity consumption during the period 2002-2017 by LMDI method. Specifically, the changes in electricity consumption in five sectors - household, industrial, commercial, transportation, and public/other sectors - were decomposed by electrification rate effect, per capita energy consumption effect, energy intensity effect, per capita GRDP effect, and population effect. The effects applied by sector were different. The main analysis results and implications are as follows. First, the per capita GRDP effect had the greatest impact on changes in electricity consumption in Seoul. A policy approach is needed to decouple the Seoul's economic growth from electricity consumption. Second, the electrification rate effect had the second greatest impact on electricity consumption in Seoul. It is desirable to expand renewable energy-based electrification and it is necessary to consider it as an energy conversion indicator. Third, the reduction of energy consumption per capita in the household sector and the decrease in energy intensity in the commercial, public/other, industrial, and transportation sectors have driven the reduction of electricity consumption in Seoul. Since the factors affecting electricity consumption are different in each sector, it is necessary to establish differentiated demand-side management policies for each sector. 이 연구에서는 LMDI 방법론을 활용해 2002~2017년 기간 동안 서울시 전력소비량 변화를 요인 분해하였다. 구체적으로는 서울시 5개 부문, 즉 가정, 산업, 상업, 수송, 공공·기타 부문의 전력소비량 변화를 전력화율 효과, 1인당 에너지소비량 효과, 에너지집약도 효과, 1인당 GRDP 효과, 인구 효과의 5개 요인으로분해하되, 부문별로 요인을 달리하였다. 주요 분석 결과 및 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서울시 전력소비량증가와 관련해 1인당 GRDP 효과의 영향이 가장 컸는데, 향후 서울시의 경제 성장과 전력 소비 간의 탈동조화를 위한 정책 접근이 필요하다. 둘째, 서울시 전력소비량 증가와 관련해 전력화율 효과의 영향이 두 번째로컸다. 에너지 전환의 취지를 고려해 재생가능에너지 기반의 전력화 확대가 바람직하며, 이에 대한 지표를 에너지 전환 관련 지표 중 하나로 고려할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 가정 부문의 1인당 에너지소비량 감소와 상업, 공공·기타, 산업, 수송 부문의 에너지집약도 감소는 서울시의 전력 소비를 줄이는 방향으로 영향을 미쳤다. 전력 소비에 영향을 주는 요인이 부문마다 다르므로 부문별로 차별화된 전력수요관리 정책 수립이 필요하다.

가구 구성원 특성과 가전제품 사용에 따른 가정용 전력 수요의 예측

노정녀(Joung Yeo Angela No) 한국경제연구학회 2014 한국경제연구 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구는 2008년 한국 내 가정용 전력 사용 통계 자료를 활용하여 가구 구성원 및 거주 주택의 특성이 가정용 전력 수요에 미치는 영향을 가계단위에서 실증분석하였다. 본 연구는 가구 내 가전제품의 보유 현황과 난방용 도시가스 사용량 등 여러 가지의 전력수요 결정요인을 통제한 상태에서 다양한 가구 특성이 가정용 전력 수요에 미치는 영향을 중점적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 주요 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. ① 가구 소득이 높아지면 가정의 전력 사용량이 증가하지만, 소득이 일정 수준을 초과하는 시점에서는 소득이 늘어나도 전력 사용량은 증가하지 않는다. ② 5세 미만의 영유아나 65세 이상 노인이 가구에 포함된 경우 전력 사용량이 줄어드나, 가전제품의 보유 여부와 난방용 도시가스 사용량을 통제하면 가구 내의 영유아와 노인의 유무는 가정의 전력 사용량에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는다. ③ 남성이나 여성으로만 구성된 가구는 남녀 혼성으로 구성된 가구보다 전력 사용량이 적다. ④ 주택의 방 개수, 크기, 건축연도, 형태는 전력 사용량에 영향을 미치나, 가전제품의 보유 여부와 난방용 도시가스 사용량을 통제하였을 때는 방 개수만이 전력 사요량에 전력 사용량에 유의한 영향을 미친다. This paper analyzed the effects of household demographics on electricity demand using data from household electricity consumption in 2008. This paper focuses on the effect of various household degographics on electricity consumption after controlling for the usage of various household appliances and durable goods as well as traditional factors affecting electricity consumption. The results of the paper are as follows : (1) there is a non-linear relationship between income and electricity consumption. Specifically, electricity consumption increases as household income increases at a decreasing rate ; (2) the presence of toddlers under age 5 or elders over age 65 in a household decreases the electricity consumption. These effects however disappear when the usage of household appliances and natural gas consumption are controlled for ; (3) Various house characteristics such as house size, number of rooms, age and type of house affect electricity consumption while only the effect of number of rooms remain robust to controlling household appliances and natural gas consumption.

공동주택단지의 공간 특성이 단지내 전기소비량에 미치는 영향 - 서울시 1,122개 공동주택 단지를 대상으로

임재빈,허익수,강명구 서울연구원 2019 서울도시연구 Vol.20 No.3

The apartment complex can have big difference for electricity consumption factors from the individual houses. Not only does standardized multi-homes make one building, but electricity is also consumed in public facilities and public spaces. Literatures have constructed electricity consumption models of individual houses, and the concept of apartment complex was seldom studied except the approach of microeconomic view. To expand the literatures results to population factor, the resident registration ledger was used in addition to the building ledger, applying the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology). As a result, variables affecting the electricity consumption of the apartment complex are population, population density, BCR(building coverage ratio), number of floors, floor area per a house unit, the income level (house trade price per unit area), number of months used. In addition, the low BCR-High Rise type complexes showed less electricity consumption due to the increase of BCR and floors than the High BCR-Townhouse type complexes. On the other hand, the latter was more effective in reducing electricity consumption due to the increase in population density than the former. The results of this study are expected to be applicable to the estimation of local electricity consumption in the case of public housing districts. 공동주택 단지는 개별 주택과는 전혀 다른 전기소비 특성을 보일 수 있다. 표준화된 다수 주택들이 집합된 건물동 을 이룰 뿐 아니라, 공동시설과 공용공간에서도 전기가 소비된다. 기존 연구는 주로 개별 주택의 전기소비 모형을 구축 해왔으며, 단지 단위의 개념은 미기후 시각의 접근 외에는 활발하지 못했다. 본 연구의 목적은 공동주택 단지의 공간 특성과 단지별 전기소비량의 관계를 밝히는데 있다. 건축물장 외에 주민등록장을 연계하여 인구를 고려함으로써 기 존 연구 결과를 확장하였다. 이를 위해 주요 특성요소를 연쇄구조로 구성하는 통계기법인 STIRPAT(Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) 모형을 응용하였다. 결과로, 공동주택 단지 의 전기소비량에 영향을 미치는 변수는 인구 외에 인구밀도, 건폐율, 층수, 호당면적, 소득수준(단위면적당 주택거래가 격), 사용월수, 평균기온이 유의한 것으로 파악되었다. 또 저건폐율-고층 단지가 고건폐율-저층 단지보다 건폐율과 층수 의 증가에 따른 전기소비증가는 덜하고, 인구밀도 증가에 의한 전기소비감소는 적음도 확인하였다. 본 연구는 향후 공공 주택지구 등 공동주택단지 공급시 국지적인 전기소비량 추정에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기된다.

신축 대학 캠퍼스의 에너지소비 현황 조사 및 분석

윤대일(Dae-Il Yoon),고명진(Myeong-Jin Ko),장재동(Jae D. Chang),김용식(Yong-Shik Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2014 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The university"s energy consumption has been increasing continuously in South Korea. And also, the newly constructed buildings at universities are constantly increasing. The purpose of this study is to survey and analyse the present condition of energy consumption in newly built university campus. In order to carry out the research, newly built university campus located in Incheon, South Korea was selected. Investigation items were building and facility system, system operating conditions, energy consumption of March 2010 to February 2011. The investigation were conducted by data collection and visiting interviews with staff. The results can be summarized as follows. The electric power consumption and thermal consumption at the newly built university campus are greatly affected by heating & cooling periods and system operating condition. In order to reduce energy consumption, response is required by considering the seasonal and daily characteristics of the building"s energy consumption. The total energy consumption of the university campus was 6,310 TOE and the share of it was 65% of electric power, 33% of heat and 2% of gas respectively. The ratio of electric power was much higher than the other research results. The energy consumption unit was analyzed as 238.68 Mcal/m<SUP>2.</SUP>year. It is 19% less than the previous research result on university campus energy consumption.

여름철 국내 가정용 전력소비 변동요인 분석

유다경,원두환 전북대학교 산업경제연구소 2022 아태경상저널 Vol.14 No.3

As the proportion of renewable energy increases to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050, unstable electricity supply and demand and an increase in electricity rates are expected. In addition, there is a risk of a large-scale blackout when electricity demand increases due to a heat wave, so systematic demand management is required. Therefore, this study tried to provide basic data for policy decision-making for summer electricity demand management by analyzing the determinants of household summer electricity consumption from a microscopic point of view. As a result of conducting empirical analysis using panel data of household energy standing servey from 2015 to 2018, the higher the cooling degree days, the more electricity was consumed, and it is suggested that the simultaneous use of the fan and the air conditioner is necessary to maximize the cooling efficiency. Household that consume a lot of electricity increase in electricity consumption was larger due to an increase in the size of the house. Furthermore, they showed a pattern of more flexibly increasing the use of air-conditioning appliances as the temperature rises, and households that consume more electricity have a greater effect of income growth on electricity consumption. 2050 탄소중립 달성을 위해 신재생에너지 비중을 증가시킴에 따라 단기적으로 전력수급 불안정과 전기요금 상승이 예상되는 가운데, 폭염 등으로 전력 수요가 폭증하는 경우 대규모 정전사태가 발생할 우려가 있어 체계적인 수요관리가 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 미시적 관점에서 가구 부문의 여름철 전력소비량 결정요인을 살펴봄으로써 여름철 전력수요 관리를 위한 정책적 의사결정의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 가구에너지상설표본조사의 2015~2018년 패널자료와 고정효과모형 및 패널분위수회귀모형을 활용하여 실증분석한 결과, 냉방도일이 클수록 전력을 더 소비하였고, 에어컨 단독 사용의 경우 에너지 효율이 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전력 다소비 가구의 경우, 평형 증가에 따른 에너지사용량 증가폭은 더욱 크게 나타났으며, 기온 변화에 따라 냉방 가전을 보다 탄력적으로 운영하는 행태를 보였고, 소득 증가가 전력소비량 증가에 미치는 영향이 점점 커지는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다.

The nexus between energy-related aid, Electricity consumption, Carbon dioxide emissions and Economic growth.

( Dmitriy D Li ),( Jeong Hwan Bae ) 한국환경경제학회, 한국자원경제학회 ( 구 한국환경경제학회 ) 2017 한국환경경제학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.하계

Economic development is closely related to higher levels of energy supply, which in turns, lead to higher GHG emissions, especially in developing countries. More and more policymakers consider Energyrelated aid is one of the key components of both Development and climate change strategies. This study investigates long run and short-run nexus between energy-related aid, CO2 emissions, economic growth and electricity consumption. By implementing PMG estimator for 30 countries in three income groups over the period 1995 to 2013, we find that energy-related aid has positive long-run impact on electricity consumption in low-income group only. The results also reveal long-run bi-directional relationship for CO2 emissions-GDP and GDP-electricity consumptions in low-income group, also for CO2 emissions-GDP and CO2 emissions-electricity consumption in upper middle-income group. Moreover, long run unidirectional relationships were found from CO2 emissions to electricity consumption in low-income group, from GDP and electricity consumption to CO2 emissions in lower middle-income group, and from electricity consumption to GDP in upper middle-income group. This finding can guide to allocate more of energyrelated aid to low-income countries.

용도별 전력소비, 전력가격, 경제성장의 관계 분석

박경근,최기홍,원두환 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2024 지역개발연구 Vol.56 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라의 전력소비, 전력가격, 경제성장간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석한다. 국내 전력요금체계의 용도별 차등요금제 특성을 고려하여 용도별로 세분화하여 분석하였다. 이러한 접근은 향후 국내 전력요금제도의 운영 및 발전 방향에 대한 시사점을 모색하기에 적절한 방식이라 사료된다. 1974∼2022년 기간 동안의 연도별 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 모든 부문에서 세 변수간의 공적분 관계가 확인되어 변수들 간의 장기 균형관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 또한 전체, 일반용, 산업용에서는 전력소비와 GDP간의 양방향 인과관계가 나타났고, 주택용과 농사용에서는 GDP로부터 전력소비로의 단방향 인과관계가 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 전체적으로 국내 전력부문에서 에너지 중립 가설(neutrality hypothesis)이 지지되지 못함을 의미하며, 세부적으로는 전체, 일반용, 산업용에서 feedback hypothesis가 주택용, 농사용에서 conservation hypothesis가 지지될 수 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 국내 전력요금제도에서 용도별로 상이한 정책적 접근이 요구된다. This empirical research analyzes the relationship among electricity consumption, its prices and economic growth in Korea. Considering the characteristics of the differential electricity rate system by use, this investigation includes an analysis on their relationship at the aggregate and sectoral levels. Using annual data for the period 1974-2022, study finds the cointegration between three variables in all sectors which means there is a long-term relationship among the variables. Moreover, the presence of bidirectional causality between real economic activity and electricity consumption in aggregate, commercial and industrial sectors is identified while there is unidirectional causality from real GDP to electricity consumption in residential and agricultural sectors. These results imply that the energy-neutral hypothesis is not supported in Korea’s electricity market and shows that the feedback hypothesis can be supported for commercial and industrial purposes, whereas the conservation hypothesis can be supported for residential and agricultural uses. Thus, distinct approaches will be needed by sector for efficient use of electricity.