Foods Derived from Cloned Animals and Management Policies in Worldwide

Soo Jin Lee,Yang Ho Jang,Hyo Bi Kim,Myoung Heon Lee,Byung Jae So,Byoung Chul Yang,Jong Koo Kang,Nong Hoon Choe 한국축산식품학회 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Cloned animals are a result of asexual reproduction of animals using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Ever since the first report of a cloned sheep ``Dolly`` produced by SCNT, increasing numbers of livestock, such as bovine and swine clones, have been generated worldwide. Foods derived from cloned animals have not been produced yet. However, the food safety of cloned animals has provoked controversy. The EU Food Safety Authority and U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that milk and meat from cloned and non-cloned animals have no difference regarding food safety. However, food derived from cloned animals is considered unsuitable for eating vaguely, Moreover, there were scant information about cloned animals in Korea. Therefore, we surveyed the number of cloned animals worldwide including Korea and summarized the reports for cloned animals and discussed predictable problems.

Foods Derived from Cloned Animals and Management Policies in Worldwide

Lee, Soo-Jin,Jang, Yang-Ho,Kim, Hyo-Bi,Lee, Myoung-Heon,So, Byung-Jae,Yang, Byoung-Chul,Kang, Jong-Koo,Choe, Nong-Hoon Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Cloned animals are a result of asexual reproduction of animals using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Ever since the first report of a cloned sheep 'Dolly' produced by SCNT, increasing numbers of livestock, such as bovine and swine clones, have been generated worldwide. Foods derived from cloned animals have not been produced yet. However, the food safety of cloned animals has provoked controversy. The EU Food Safety Authority and U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that milk and meat from cloned and non-cloned animals have no difference regarding food safety. However, food derived from cloned animals is considered unsuitable for eating vaguely. Moreover, there were scant information about cloned animals in Korea. Therefore, we surveyed the number of cloned animals worldwide including Korea and summarized the reports for cloned animals and discussed predictable problems.

Foods Derived from Cloned Animals and Management Policies in Worldwide

이수진,장양호,김효비,이명헌,소병재,양병철,강종구,최농훈 한국축산식품학회 2012 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Cloned animals are a result of asexual reproduction of animals using somatic cell nuclear transfer. Ever since the first report of a cloned sheep 'Dolly' produced by SCNT, increasing numbers of livestock, such as bovine and swine clones, have been generated worldwide. Foods derived from cloned animals have not been produced yet. However, the food safety of cloned animals has provoked controversy. The EU Food Safety Authority and U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that milk and meat from cloned and non-cloned animals have no difference regarding food safety. However, food derived from cloned animals is considered unsuitable for eating vaguely. Moreover, there were scant information about cloned animals in Korea. Therefore, we surveyed the number of cloned animals worldwide including Korea and summarized the reports for cloned animals and discussed predictable problems.

2030 화학안전과 동물복지 실현을 위한 토론회 리포트

황지희,김종극,고상범,박상희,이수현,김배환,서보라미 한국동물실험대체법학회 2023 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Since the Act on Registration and Evaluation of Chemicals and Consumer Chemical Products and the Biocide Safety Control Act came into effect in 2015 and 2019 respectively, there has been an increasing demand to produce safety data for chemical substances. This led to the increasing trend in the number of laboratory animals used for testing. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) announced its new vision for chemical safety and animal welfare in 2021 that aims to produce more than 60% of chemical data using New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) by 2030. The forum ‘discussion to achieve 2030 chemical safety and animal welfare vision’ has been held on 2nd May to collect expert opinions on reaching the MOE’s 2030 vision from academia, industry, private and non-governmental sectors as well as from three governmental authorities. In conclusion, they emphasized that harmonized efforts for all jurisdictional offices related to the animal testing are needed to develop and disseminate of NAMs and the important of the passage of new bill, the Act on the vitalization of development, dissemination, and use of alternatives to animal testing methods.

축산 농가 HACCP 심사 분석과 개선

남인식 한국유기농업학회 2017 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

본 연구는 안전한 축산물의 생산에 기반이 되는 농가 HACCP 제도 도입에 있어서 일부 문제로 인하여 발생되고 있는 HACCP 인증(재인증) 부적합농가 수의 지속적인 증가에 대 한 문제점을 개선하기 위한 방안으로 최근 3년간 HACCP 심사 결과에 따른 지적비율을 축 종별로 분석하고 상위 10% 이상 지속적으로 지적되고 있는 평가항목을 도출하여 이를 개 선할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 실시하였다. 총 15개 HACCP 관리 분야 평가항목 중 지적 비율이 높은 평가항목으로는 소, 돼지 농가에서 4번(가축사육 공정도 및 농장평면도), 10번 (중요관리점 모니터링), 12번(HACCP 검증), 14번(HACCP 교육) 그리고 닭농가에서는 10번 (중요관리점 모니터링), 12번(HACCP 검증), 14번(HACCP 교육)으로 매우 유사한 경향을 나 타내었다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해서는 농가 HACCP 평가기준의 대폭 축소 및 단 순화, 연 1회 의무 교육 시 해당 분야 집중 교육과 위해요소중점관리기준, 모니터링, 검증 등과 같은 어려운 HACCP 용어를 각각 안전관리기준, 감시, 확인 등으로 이해하기 쉽게 풀 어서 사용하여 국내 축산농가의 현실에 눈높이를 맞추어 개정되어야 많은 축산농가에서 가축사육단계 HACCP 제도를 부담 없이 안정적이고 지속적으로 운용할 수 있을 것으로 판 단된다. HACCP is the one of best tool to prevent biological, chemical and physical hazards of livestock products. In Korea, HACCP is implementing all livestock industry including animal farm. According to the result of HACCP assessment in animal farm for three years, we have found a high non-compliance rate in some evaluation items of HACCP. To improve this problem, revision of HACCP evaluation items, difficult HACCP terms change to easy understand and development of intensive HACCP training program are needed.

Sialic Acid를 지표성분으로 하는 유청가수분해단백분말의 기능성식품 개발연구 - I. 효소분리로 7% Siailc Acid가 표준적으로 함유된 유청가수분해단백분말(7%)의 랫드를 이용한 90일 반복경구투여 독성시험 평가 연구 -

노혜지 ( Hye-ji Noh ),조향현 ( Hyang-hyun Cho ),김희경 ( Hee-kyong Kim ) 한국유가공기술과학회 2016 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.34 No.2

본 시험은 sialic acid가 7%를 함유하도록 제조한 유청가수분해단백분말제제(whey protein of hydrolysis)의 기능성 식품원료로 개발을 위한 동물안전성을 평가함에 연구목표를 두었다. GMP를 원료로 제조한 시험물질은 sialic acid 7%(v/v)와 원료인 GMP 가수분해 단백질이 93%로 구성되어 있었다(시험명: 7%-GNANA). 시험물질의 독성 유무는 한국식품의 약안전청(KFDA, 2014)과 OECD(2008)의 의약품 등의 독성시험 기준에 따라 실시하였다. 평가방법으로서, 시험물질의 투여용량을0, 1,250, 2,500 및5,000 mg/kg/day로하여SPF Sprague-Dawley 계열 암수 랫드에 90일 동안 반복경구투여하였을 때 나타나는 독성 여부를 평가하였다. 평가항목으로서는 사망률, 일반증상관찰, 체중 변화, 사료섭취량 측정, 안검사, 요검사, 혈액학적 및 혈액생화학적 검사, 부검 시 장기의 중량측정, 부검 시 육안적 검사 및 조직병리학적 검사 등을 평가하였다. 90일 반복경구투여 실험결과로서, 시험물질투여 및 관찰기간 동안 사망동물은 발생하지않았다. 또한 일반증상, 체중 변화, 사료섭취량, 안과학적 검사, 요검사 그리고 혈액학적 및 혈액이화학적 이상 및 혈액응고검사에서 대조군 대비 특이한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다(p<0.05). 부검 및 병리조직학적 평가 결과, 암수 모두에서 시험물질-유래 중요한 변화 없이 시험물질-유래 경미한 변화(nonadverseeffect)만인 5,000 mg/kg/day에서 확인되었다. Weightbasedclassification(독성 강도에 따른 분류)을 적용한 최종 독성평가 결과, 수컷의 경우 NOEL(No Observed Effect Level)은 5,000 mg/kg/day 그리고 암컷의 경우는 NOAEL(No ObservedAdverse Effect Level)은 5,000 mg/kg/day로 최종 확인되었다. 따라서, 암수 모두에서 시험물질의 NOAEL은 투여최대용량인 5,000 mg/kg/day로 확인되었다. 결론적으로, GMP를 원료로 하여 제조한 7%-GNANA(유청가수분해단백분말)는 투여가능 최대용량에서도 독성이 없는 안전한 천연물이라는 것을 확인하였고, 의약품이나 기능성 식품으로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다. We herein performed animal safety assessment in accordance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations with the aim of developing sialic acid from glycomacropeptide (hereafter referred to as “GMP”) as an index ingredient and functional component in functional foods. GMP is a type of whey protein derived from milk and a safe food, with multiple functions, such as antiviral activity. A test substance was produced containing 7% (w/w) sialic acid and mostly-hydrolyzed whey protein (hereafter referred to as “7%-GNANA”) by enzymatic treatment of substrate GMP. The maximum intake test dose level was selected based on 5,000 mg/kg/day dose set for male NOEL (no-observed-effect-level) and female NOAEL (no-observedadverse- effect-level) determined by a dose-range finding (DRF) test (GLP Center of Catholic University of Daegu, Report No. 15-NREO-001) that was previously conducted with the same test substance. To evaluate the toxicity of a repeated oral dose of the test substance in connection with the previous DRF study, 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg of the substance were administered by a probe into the stomachs of 6-week-old SPF Sprague-Dawley male and female rats for 90 d. Each test group consisted of 10 male and 10 female rats. To determine the toxicity index, all parameters, such as observation of common signs; measurements of body weight and food consumption; ophthalmic examination; urinalysis, electrolyte, hematological, and serum biochemical examination; measurement of organ weights during autopsy; and visual and histopathological examinations were conducted according to GLP standards. After evaluating the results based on the test toxicity assessment criteria, it was determined that NOAEL of the test substance, 7%-GNANA, was 5,000 mg/kg/day, for both male and female substance, as compared with the control group, with respect to general symptoms, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematological and serum biochemical examination, and electrolyte and blood coagulation tests during the administration period (P<0.05). As assessed by the effects of the test substance on organ weights, food consumption, autopsy, and histopathological safety, change in kidney weight as an indicator of male NOAEL revealed up to 20% kidney weight increase in the high-dose group (5,000 mg/kg/day) compared with the change in the control group. However, it was concluded that this effect of the test substance was minor. In the case of female rats, reduction of food consumption, increase of kidney weight, and decrease of thymus weight were observed in the high-dose group. The kidney weight increased by 10.2% (left) and 8.9% (right) in the high-dose group, with a slight dose-dependency compared with that of the control group. It was observed that the thymus weight decreased by 25.3% in the high-dose group, but it was a minor test substance-associated effect. During the autopsy, botryoid tumor was detected on the ribs of one subject in the high-dose group, but we concluded that the tumor has been caused by a naturally occurring (non-test) substance. Histopathological examination revealed lesions on the kidney, liver, spleen, and other organs in the low-dose test group. Since these lesions were considered a separate phenomenon, or naturally occurring and associated with aging, it was checked whether any target organ showed clear symptoms caused by the test substance. In conclusion, different concentrations of the test substance were fed to rats and, consequently, it was verified that only a minor effect was associated with the test substance in the high-dose (5,000 mg/kg/day) group of both male and female rats, without any other significant effects associated with the test substance. Therefore, it was concluded that NOAEL of 7%-GNANA (product name: Helicobactrol) with male and female rats as test animals was 5,000 mg/kg/day, and it thus was determined that the substance is safe for the ultimate use as an ingredient of health functional foods.

Development of in-vivo rabbit model of human finger skin injuries for determining safety criteria for human-robot contact

Tatsuo Fujikawa,Kazumi Okai,Yoji Yamada,Nader Rajaei,Tetsuya Nishimoto 제어로봇시스템학회 2023 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.10