주사전자현미경용 전자검출기의 설계 및 제작

전종업(Jong Up Jeon),김지원(Ji Won Kim) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2008 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Electron detectors used in scanning electron microscope accept electrons emitted from the specimen and convert them to an electrical signal that, after amplification, is used to modulate the gray-level intensities on a cathode ray tube, producing an image of the specimen. Electron detector is one of the key components dominating the performance of scanning electron microscope so that the development of electron detectors having high performance is indispensable to acquire high quality images using scanning electron microscope. In this paper, we designed and manufactured an electron detector and conducted a couple of image capture experiments using it. In particular, scintillator which generates light photons when it is struck by high-energy electrons was manufactured and experimental studies on the optimization of manufacturing condition was carried out. From experiments to evaluate the performance of our detector, it was verified that the performance of our detector is equivalent to or better than that of the conventional one.

The effects of fluoride releasing orthodontic sealants on the prevention and the progressive inhibition of enamel demineralization in vitro

Kim, Kwang-Won,Yoon, Young-Jooh,Chae, Seung-Won,Cho, Jae-O 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.6

고정성 교정장치 주변에 발생되는 백색반점은 임상적으로 쉽게 눈에 띄는 문제점을 가지고 있으므로 잔치제거 후 심니적으로 만족스럽지 못한 결과를 야기하는데, 이는 곧 교정치료의 실패를 의미한다. 이미 많은 연구를 통해 고정성 교정장치가 구강내 세균환경을 변화시켜 세균집단의 증식을 용이하게 함으로써 고정성 장치 부착후, 법랑질의 탈회의 발생빈도가 증가된다는 사실이 보고 되어 왔으며 장기간이 소요되는 교정치료의 특성으로 인해 발생되는 브라켓 또는 교정용 밴드 주변의 법랑질 탈회나 치아우식증을 예방 또는 억제시키기 위한 연구가 함께 진행되어 왔다. 이는 환자에 대한 구강위생 교육이나 치아관리 노력에도 불구하고 발생될 수 있는데 이를 예방하기 위한 방법의 하나로 불소가 유리되는 교정용 전색제를 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구는 불소가 유리되는 광중합형 및 자가중합형 교정용 전색제의 치아우식 예방 및 진행억제효과를 규명하기 위해 다음과 같이 각각 7개의 편광현미경군(A군-G군)과 주사전자현미경군(A'군-G'군)으로 분류하였고 [1. A & A'군: STTP*인공우식용액에 담그지 않은 정상치아군, 2. B & B'군:STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온용기에 72시간 보관한 비처치군, 3. C & C'군 : STTP인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온용기에 72시간 보관한 자가중합형 교정용 전색제군, 4. D & D'군 : STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 광중합형 교정용 전색제군, 5. E & E'군 : 표면에 아무처리 없이 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 후, 이를 다시 아무런 처치없이 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 비처치군, 6. F & F'군 : 표면에 아무런 처치없이 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 후, 자가중합형 교정용 전색제를 도포하고 이를 다시 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 자가중합형 교정용 전색제, 7. G & G'군 : 표면에 아무런 처치없이 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 후, 광중합형 교정용 전색제를 도포하고 이를 다시 STTP 인공우식용액에 담그고 37℃의 항온 용기에 72시간 보관한 광중합형 교정용 전색제군], 이들을 편광현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용해 조직의 변성여부를 검색하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 편광현미경적 연구에서 인공우식병소의 깊이는 A군(50.8㎛), B군(47.82㎛), C군(8.42㎛), D군(7.20㎛), E군(85.41㎛), F군(60.38㎛), G군(60.13㎛), 이었다. 2. 인공우식병소의 깊이에 있어서 , B군은 A군, C군, D군과 비교하여 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보였고(p<0.05), E군은 F군, G군과 비교하여 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 광중합형 및 자가중합형 교정용 전색제는 법랑질탈회 예방효과가 있었다. 4. 광중합형 및 자가중합형 교정용 전색제는 법랑질탈회 진행억제효과가 있었다. 5. 광중합형 및 자가중합형 교정용 전색제표본에 대한 주사전자현미경적 연구에서 인공우식용액의 시간 경과에 따른 영향은 없었다. 6. 광중합형 교정용 전색제 표본과 자가중합형 교정용 전색제 표본 사이의 차이는 편광현미경과 주사전자현미경으로 구별할 수 없었다. The purpose of this study was to identify the preventive and the progressive inhibitory effects of enamel demineralization with fluoride releasing light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants(FluoroBond), in vitro, under the polarizing light microscope and the scanning electon microscope. The polarizing light microscopic group was subdivided into seven groups(Group A-Group G). The scanning electron microscopic group was also subdivided into seven groups(Group A'-Group G'). For polarizing light microscopic evaluation, longitudinal sections were made longitudinally by Maruto cutter(Maruto Co., Japan) and Maruto grinding machine(Maruto Co., Japan). Sections were examined and photographed by the polarizing light microscope(Olympus Optical Co., Japan)using crossed polars and with the enamel rod longitudinal axis oriented at 45。to the extinction position. For scanning electron microscopic evaluation, the specimens were coated with a highly conducting layer of gold palladium in a model Hus-4 high- vacuum evaporator* and examined in an ISI-100B scanning electron microcope** operated at 20kV. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean depths of artificial carious lesions under a polarized light microscope were Group A(50.8㎛), Group B(47.82㎛), Group C(8.42㎛), Group D(7.20㎛), Group E(85.41㎛), Group F(60.38㎛), Group G(60.13㎛). 2. There were statistically significant differences in Group B compared with Group A, C, and D(p<0.05), and also, in Group E compared with Group F and Group G(p<0.05). 3. Light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants had the preventive effects of enamel demineralization. 4. Light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants had the progressive inhibitory effects of enamel demineralization. 5. The time progress of demineralizing agent had no influence on the samples of light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants under the scanning electron microscope. 6. There was no difference between the specimens of light-and self-cured orthodontic sealants both in the polarized light microscopic group and in the scanning electron microscopic group. *Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan **International Scientific Instruments, Santa Clara, Calif.

수치해석을 통한 SEM 챔버내의 이차전자 거동해석 및 이차전자 검출기의 최적 장착 위치 선정

부경석(Kyeung Seok Boo),전종업(Jong Up Jeon) 한국생산제조학회 2008 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Secondary electron detectors used in scanning electron microscope accept secondary electrons emitted from the specimen and convert them to an electrical signal that, after amplification, is used to modulate the gray-level intensities on a cathode ray tube, producing an image of the specimen. In order to acquire images with good qualities, as many secondary electrons as possible should be reached to the detector. To realize this it is very important to select an appropriate mounting position and angle of the detector inside the chamber of scanning electron microscope. In this paper, a number of numerical simulations are performed to explore the relationships between detection rates of secondary electrons and the values of some parameters, such as distances between the detector and sample, relative mounting positions of scintillator positioned inside the detector with respect to detector cover, two types of mounting angles of the detector. The relationships between detection rates and applied voltages to corona ring and faraday cage, and energies of secondary electrons are investigated as well.

보문 : 일반 화장품에 사용되는 탈크(Talc)의 미세구조적 특성

강소영 ( So Young Kang ),장병수 ( Byung Soo Chang ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2010 대한미용학회지 Vol.6 No.4

In this study, we analyzed the components and microstructure characteristics of four kinds of talc produced within and out of the country using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope and scanning electron microscope. By dividing four kinds of talc into domestic and foreign one, we could observe the differences in the particle size as well as in the components of them. For domestic talc, it was observed that the particles were 3 to 90 μm in diameter, which indicated that they were in an irregular form with a big difference in size. Under low-resolution scanning electron microscope, the surface of talc was observed as very rough. On the contrary, the particles of foreign talc were 6 to 18 μm in diameter, indicating that they were in a regular form and quite even in size. Especially, it was observed that the particles of foreign talc made by maker D were 6 to 7.5 μm in diameter, indicating that they were in a very regular form with little differences in size. It was found that under low-resolution examination, the surface of the particle of foreign talc was very smooth and even. When observing the particles of foreign talc under scanning electron microscope, we found that the particle of talc was in a tabular structure and 0.2 to 0.4 μm in thickness. It was also found that foreign talc was layered in a certain thickness of 600 to 700 nm. For the components of talc, as it is known, oxygen (O), magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) were found for both domestic and foreign talc and calcium (Ca) was additionally found from domestic talc only.

Suppression of Melanose Caused by Diaporthe citri on Citrus Leaves Pretreated with Bio-sulfur

Yong Ho Shin,Eun Ju Ko,Su Jeong Kim,He Nam Hyun,Yong Chull Jeun 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.5

Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is one of severe diseases in citrus, a major economic resource in Jeju island. To reduce the usage amount of organic synthetic fungicide, bio-sulfur was tested as an alternative chemical to control citrus melanose in the present study. Direct antifungal activity of bio-sulfur against D. citri was determined through in vitro experiment using artificial nutrient media. Disease severity of melanose on bio-sulfur pretreated citrus leaves was lower than that on untreated ones. To illustrate the mechanism of disease suppression by bio-sulfur, infection structures were observed with a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In fluorescent microscopic observation, most conidia rarely germinated. In addition, hyphal growth on leaves pretreated with biosulfur was inhibited compared to that on untreated ones. In scanning electron microscope images of biosulfur pretreated leaves, surfaces of most conidia were shrunk while hyphae were morphologically changed and frequently branched. Such microscopic observations were also found for leaves pretreated with a commercial fungicide Dithianon. These results suggest that bio-sulfur may be used to control citrus melanose as an environment friendly alternative to organic synthetic fungicides

Suppression of Melanose Caused by Diaporthe citri on Citrus Leaves Pretreated with Bio-sulfur

Shin, Yong Ho,Ko, Eun Ju,Kim, Su Jeong,Hyun, He Nam,Jeun, Yong Chull The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.5

Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is one of severe diseases in citrus, a major economic resource in Jeju island. To reduce the usage amount of organic synthetic fungicide, bio-sulfur was tested as an alternative chemical to control citrus melanose in the present study. Direct antifungal activity of bio-sulfur against D. citri was determined through in vitro experiment using artificial nutrient media. Disease severity of melanose on bio-sulfur pretreated citrus leaves was lower than that on untreated ones. To illustrate the mechanism of disease suppression by bio-sulfur, infection structures were observed with a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In fluorescent microscopic observation, most conidia rarely germinated. In addition, hyphal growth on leaves pretreated with bio-sulfur was inhibited compared to that on untreated ones. In scanning electron microscope images of bio-sulfur pretreated leaves, surfaces of most conidia were shrunk while hyphae were morphologically changed and frequently branched. Such microscopic observations were also found for leaves pretreated with a commercial fungicide Dithianon. These results suggest that bio-sulfur may be used to control citrus melanose as an environment friendly alternative to organic synthetic fungicides

과학 전시관에서 식물과 꽃가루 관찰을 이용한 식물 분류 탐구 프로그램 개발

이종민,김흥태,김재근 韓國生物敎育學會 2009 생물교육 Vol.37 No.4

Students living in urban areas must have travel to long-distance places such as tidal flats, beach, and mountains to experience field trip programs for ecology and classification. The purpose of this research was to develop an inquiry activity program, which is conducted in urban area, for the students to understand plant classification through the application of high-tech instruments to observe nearby plants. Seoul Science Park is located in the southern part of Seoul and has a well-equipped botanical garden inhabited by diverse plant species. In addition, the institute is equipped with many binocular microscopes and scanning electron microscopes, which can be applied when observing plants and pollens. The developed inquiry activity program for plant classification is composed of two stages: the preparation stage when the students gain the preliminary knowledge for plant classification and observe nearby plants with the naked eye, and the activity stage when the students observe pollens with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The high school students who participated in the preliminary application of this program showed positive response. In particular, they appreciated that the inquiry activity of plant classification by observing pollen with a scanning electron microscope was very interesting and stimulated their curiosity. Therefore, this inquiry activity can provide students in urban areas with an opportunity of understanding the classification of nearby plants and satisfying their scientific curiosity with high-tech scientific instruments.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Studies on Leaf Surface Trichomes in Mulberry and Its Influence on Rearing Performance of Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

( K. Kesavacharyulu ),( Vineet Kumar ),( A. Sarkar ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.1

The type of trichomes, their density and pattern of distribution on leaves of 16 genotypes of mulberry, belonging to both diploid and polyploid categories, were studied by scanning electron microscope. The present investigation was undertaken to find out the relationship of physical attributes, especially the density and trichome types with higher acceptability and better rearing performance by the silkworm Bombyx-mori L. Two types of trichomes glandular and non-glandular types were observed on both the leaf surfaces of all the mulberry genotypes studied. In general, greater densities of trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface than the adaxial surface of leaves in most of the genotypes. Distribution of glandular trichomes were more in abaxial surface and non-glandular trichomes were more in adaxial surface. Overall, distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes per unit area of leaf did not follow any regular pattern. When leaves of those genotypes were fed to silkworms, trichome density was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the survival of larvae i.e., effective rate of rearing, but trichome density did not influence the economic characters of rearing. As the distribution of glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NGT) did not follow any definite pattern, no relation could be established between the GT and NGT densities with silkworm rearing performance. However, the ratio of GT and NGT in a particular genotype influenced the rearing parameters, higher the ratios better the rearing performance. High GT and NGT ratio (>1.00) was found positively significant when correlated with economic parameters viz., larval weight, single cocoon weight and single shell weight. The study is useful in screening different mulberry genotypes for their better acceptability to silk-worm and higher rearing performance at the early stage of selection without actually conducting the rearing.

피부 청결 화장품에 첨가된 미세플라스틱의 주사전자현미경적 연구

김경숙,장병수 중소기업융합학회 2019 융합정보논문지 Vol.9 No.9

We investigated the microstructure and morphological characteristics of microplastics added to rinse off cosmetics by scanning electron microscope. The size of the microplastic was in a wide range of sizes, from 250㎛ to 1.5㎜ in diameter. The small microplastics were in the shape of elongated particles and the large microplastics were cuboidal. Most cubic microplastics were observed in the form of squares or rectangles. The surface of the cubic microplastic was smoothly observed without protruding portions, but irregularly many gaps were formed. The gap between openings was measured from about 5㎛ to 20㎛. It has not been confirmed that these gaps are formed from the surface of the microplastic to the inside there of. 본 연구는 피부청결 화장품에 첨가된 미세플라스틱의 미세구조와 형태적 특성을 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscope)으로 관찰 분석하였다. 미세플라스틱의 크기는 직경이 250㎛에서부터 1.5㎜까지 아주 다양한 크기로 존재하였다. 비교적 작은 미세플라스틱은 길쭉한 입자 모양을 하고 있었고 커다란 미세플라스틱은 입방형의 형태를 하고 있었다. 입방형의 미세플라스틱은 대부분 정사면체나 직사면체의 형태로 관찰되었다. 입방형 미세플라스틱의 표면은 돌출된 부위 없이 매끄럽게 관찰되었지만 불규칙하게 많은 틈이 형성되어 있었다. 벌어진 틈의 간격은 약 5㎛에서부터 20㎛ 까지 측정되었다. 이들 틈은 미세플라스틱의 표면에서부터 내부 까지 형성되어 있는지는 확인되지 않았다.

헤어매니큐어로 처리한 모발의 주사전자현미경적 관찰

김수빈,장병수,김영철 대한미용학회 2019 대한미용학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The current research involved the study of external morphological changes of natural hair, manicure dyed hair, and manicure dyed hair after bleaching using a scanning electron microscope. In this study, natural hair was found to have a diameter of 99.2 ㎛, having partially rough surfaces but mostly smooth surfaces of scales without any gaps or separation between the cuticle cells. The surface of manicure dyed hair had irregular scales of about 1 ㎛ in diameter that could not be separated, and some of the cuts that formed fine cracks, but had a relatively overall smooth surface. Unlike natural hair or manicure dyed hair, the surface of manicure dyed hair after bleaching had a very irregular shape at the end of the scales, a wrinkled teeth of a comb-shaped surface due to remaining endocuticle cells on parts where cuticle cells had fallen off, and the ends of the scales formed a fine gap between the cuticle cells. 본 연구는 대구에 거주중인 만 24세의 여성으로 최근 3년간 모발에 화학적 시술을 한 번도 하지 않았고 최근 5년간 흡연이나 마약성 약물을 복용하지 않은 여성 한명을 모집하여, 모발을 후두부에서 두피 1 cm 정도 떨어져 약 15 cm 길이로 각각 10가닥씩 총 30가닥 채취하여 시료로 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 헤어매니큐어 시술의 경우 염색을 하는 물리, 화학적 과정에 의해 표피와 피질에 분리현상 등 약간의 구조 변화를 나타냈지만 대체적으로 자연모발과 비슷한 구조를 보였다. 반면, 모발에 탈색 시술은 표피와 피질에 많은 손상을 가져 오는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 헤어매니큐어 시술은 모발의 미세구조에 약간의 변화를 초래하지만 다른 화학적 시술에 비해 손상이 미약하고 모발의 기본적인 구조를 변화시키지 않는 것을 확인하였다.