Effects of water-washing <i>Saccharina japonica</i> on fast pyrolysis in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor

Choi, Jae Hyung,Kim, Seung-Soo,Ly, Hoang Vu,Kim, Jinsoo,Woo, Hee Chul Elsevier 2017 Biomass & bioenergy Vol.98 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The pyrolysis characteristics of non-edible <I>Saccharina japonica</I> (<I>S. japonica</I>) obtained from an offshore high-density aquaculture facility were systematically investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer and a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor. As high mineral contents in <I>S. japonica</I> cause ash fouling or agglomeration of char and bed material in fluidized-bed reactor, <I>S. japonica</I> was water-washed as pre-treatment to remove minerals and sticky materials. The pretreated <I>S. japonica</I> samples were mostly decomposed between 200 and 350 °C at heating rates of 5–20 °C/min. The calculated activation energy increased from 36.31 to 393.01 kJ/mol when pyrolysis conversion increased from 5 to 60%. The yields of bio-oil were 25.57–31.27 wt% under the investigated pyrolysis conditions (temperature: 350–450 °C; fluidization velocity: 2.0 × U<SUB>mf</SUB> − 4.5 × U<SUB>mf</SUB>). The highest bio-oil yield (31.27 wt%) from water-washed <I>S. japonica</I> was obtained at 375 °C and 4.0 × U<SUB>mf</SUB>, and the HHVs of the organic and aqueous phases in the bio-oil were 31.47 and 5.41 MJ/kg, respectively. The major compounds in the bio-oil were analyzed by GC-MS and the carbon number distribution of the bio-oils was determined through simulated distillation by TGA.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pyrolysis characteristics and activation energy of water-washed <I>S. japonica</I> were investigated. </LI> <LI> Fast pyrolysis of water-washed <I>S. japonica</I> was carried out in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor. </LI> <LI> The highest bio-oil yield of 31.27 wt% was obtained at 350 °C and 4.0 U<SUB>mf</SUB>. </LI> <LI> The HHVs of the organic and aqueous bio-oils were 31.47 and 5.41 MJ/kg, respectively. </LI> </UL> </P>

Thermogravimetric characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics of high-density-aquacultured <i>Saccharina Japonica</i>: Effects of water-washing

Choi, Jae Hyung,Kim, Seung-Soo,Ly, Hoang Vu,Kim, Jinsoo,Woo, Hee Chul Elsevier 2017 Fuel Vol.193 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The thermogravimetric characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics of high-density-aquacultured <I>Saccharina japonica</I> were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer and micro-tubing reactor, respectively. The effect of water washing <I>S. japonica</I> samples on pyrolysis product distribution was studied at 360, 370 and 380°C with various residence times from 1.0 to 3.0min. The kinetic rate constants of pyrolysis for untreated and water-washed <I>S. japonica</I> samples were determined using nonlinear least-squares regression of experimental data assuming first-order kinetics. The predominant reaction pathway of water-washed <I>S. japonica</I> was liquid to gas product (<I>k</I> <SUB>3</SUB>) at each temperature, while that of untreated <I>S. japonica</I> was biomass to liquid product (<I>k</I> <SUB>2</SUB>) at 360 and 370°C, then liquid to gas product (<I>k</I> <SUB>3</SUB>) at 380°C. However, the <I>k</I> <SUB>2</SUB>/<I>k</I> <SUB>1</SUB> ratio of water-washed <I>S. japonica</I> (1.2166–1.3247) was more than two times that of untreated <I>S. japonica</I> (0.5763–0.6346).</P>

다시마(Saccharina japonica) 배우체의 미동정 진균증

정하나,오명주,최성제,서정수,박명애,김위식 한국수산과학회 2017 한국수산과학회지 Vol.50 No.2

In 2015, white cottony tufts were observed on gametophytes of the kelp Saccharina japonica. Wet mount and histopathology examination revealed numerous fungal hyphae and mycelium around the gametophytes. The gametophytes surrounded by fungal hyphae were generally round and empty. A specific 610-bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S rDNA-ITS gene of fungi was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the nucleotide sequence showed 100% identity with those of Acremonium sclerotigenum, Acremonium sp. and Ascomycota sp. When fungus- infected gametophytes were mixed with healthy gametophytes, a high transmission rate (100%) resulted. This is the first report of mycosis of gametophytes in Korea.

Ethanol production from Saccharina japonica using an optimized extremely low acid pretreatment followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

Lee, J.y.,Li, P.,Lee, J.,Ryu, H.J.,Oh, K.K. Elsevier Applied Science 2013 Bioresource technology Vol.127 No.-

An extremely low acid (ELA) pretreatment using 0.06% (w/w) sulfuric acid at 170<SUP>o</SUP>C for 15min was employed to extract non-glucan components from Saccharina japonica, a brown macroalgae. Subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae DK 410362 and cellulase (15 FPU/g-glucan) and sz-glucosidase (70 pNPGU/g-glucan). Deionized water was used for making fermentation suspension. After the ELA pretreatment, a glucan content of 29.10% and an enzymatic digestibility of 83.96% was obtained for pretreated S. japonica. These values are 4.2- and 2.4-fold higher, respectively, than those of obtained with untreated S. japonica. In SSF, a bioethanol concentration of 6.65g/L was obtained, corresponding to a glucose equivalent concentration of 13.01g/L, which indicated an SSF yield of 67.41% based on the total available glucan of the pretreated S. japonica. The remaining separated liquid hydrolysate, which contains mannitol and alginate-derived oligosaccharides can be applied to other fermentations.

Effect of thermal pretreatment on the extraction of potassium salt from alga <i>Saccharina japonica</i>

Boakye, Patrick,Sewu, Divine D.,Woo, Seung H. Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS Vol.133 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Interests in conversion of macroalgae to bioenergy via thermal treatment, namely pyrolysis or combustion has increased due to their distinctive composition and high photosynthetic rates. The resulting char byproducts could serve as a trove of precious mineral resources. Thermal pretreatment was compared with direct extraction of potassium salts from alga <I>Saccharina japonica</I> using deionized water for use as food additive, agricultural or pharmaceutical applications. Biomass was pyrolysed with fixed bed reactor or combusted with muffle furnace at 300, 450, 600 °C, and extracted using deionized water in shaker at 150 rpm and 30 °C for 2 h. Overall potassium salts recovery efficiency from raw biomass (52.55 ± 2.79%) was relatively lower than from 450 °C chars from pyrolysis (75.30 ± 0.81%) and combustion (62.07 ± 0.56%). Extracts from pyrolysed char at 600 °C had highest purity of KCl which is most abundant mineral in all products. SEM-EDX and ICP-OES elemental analysis confirmed absence of heavy metals such as As, Cu, Cd and Pb in extracts. Ratios of organic to inorganic fractions in extracts from thermally pretreated samples were much lower (∼0.1) than that of raw biomass (8.42).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> There is increased interest in pyrolysis of macroalgae for bioenergy. </LI> <LI> <I>Saccharina japonica</I> biochar after pyrolysis contains much potassium minerals. </LI> <LI> Such minerals has wide usage in pharmaceuticals, food additive or crop fertilizer. </LI> <LI> Thermal pretreatment enhances recovery of potassium minerals such as potash (KCl). </LI> <LI> Concise and inexpensive water extraction technology with no secondary pollution. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Characteristics of vacuum fractional distillation from pyrolytic macroalgae (<i>Saccharina japonica</i>) bio-oil

Choi, Jae Hyung,Kim, Seung-Soo,Woo, Hee Chul Elsevier 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.51 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Crude bio-oil from the brown alga <I>Saccharina japonica</I> was separated into distilled fractions under reduced pressure (40mmHg). The three bio-oil distillates were depending on temperature (Fraction I; ≤40°C, Fraction II; 40–120°C, Fraction III; 120–160°C, solid residue; b.p.>160°C). The characteristic of the middle distillates showed that aliphatics (including alkanes) and aromatics (including heterocyclics) were mostly distributed in a dark hydrophobic oil (DHO) of Fractions II and III, while anhydrosugars, acids, ketones and ethers were mainly concentrated in a transparent hydrophilic oil (THO) of Fractions II and III.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pyrolytic bio-oil from brown alga <I>S. japonica</I> was distilled under reduced pressure. </LI> <LI> The three bio-oil distillates were fractionated in the range of 25–160°C at 40mmHg. </LI> <LI> Most aromatic was included in dark hydrophobic oil at top layers of Fractions II and III. </LI> <LI> Fuel properties of OFDB and its mixture with No. 6 fuel oil could be used as fuels in burners or combustion engines. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Component distributions of bio-oil distillates from the pyrolysis of macroalgae <I>Saccharina japonic</I>.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Fermented Saccharina japonica (Phaeophyta) improves neuritogenic activity and TMT-induced cognitive deficits in rats

박현정,이미숙,심현수,이경란,정선용,강영미,이배진,서용배,김경수,심인섭 한국조류학회I 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.1

Marine organisms are frequently used to be harmful and have lower side effects than synthetic drugs. The cognitive improving efficacy of gamma aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Saccharina japonica (FSJ) on the memory deficient rats, which were induced by trimethyltin chloride (TMT), was investigated by assessing the Morris water maze test and by performing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunohistochemistry. The neurite outgrowth of Neuro2a cells was assessed in order to examine the underlying mechanisms of the memory enhancing effects of FSJ. Treatment with FSJ tended to shorten the latency to find the platform in the acquisition test of the Morris water maze at the second and fourth day compared to the control group. In the probe trial, the FSJ treated group increased time spent in the target quadrant, compared to that of the control group. Consistent with the behavioral data, these treatments recovered the loss of ChAT, CREB, and BDNF immune-positive neurons in the hippocampus produced by TMT. Treatment with FSJ markedly stimulated neurite outgrowth of the Neuro2a cells as compared to that of the controls. These findings demonstrate that FSJ may be useful for improving the cognitive function via regulation of neurotrophic marker enzyme activity.

Saccharina japonica를 이용한 전처리 및 분리당화발효와 동시당화발효로부터 에탄올 생산

김민지(Min-Ji Kim),김성구(Sung-Koo Kim) 한국생물공학회 2012 KSBB Journal Vol.27 No.2

Ethanol fermentations were carried out using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) processes with monosaccharides from seaweed, Saccharina japonica (sea tangle, Dasima) as the biomass. The pretreatment was carried out by thermal acid hydrolysis with H₂SO₄ or HCl. Optimal pretreatment condition was determined at 10% (w/v) seaweed slurry with 37.5 mM H₂SO₄ at 121℃ for 60 min. To increase the yield of saccharfication, isolated marine bacteria Bacillus sp. JS-1 was used and 48 g/L of reducing sugar were produced. Ethanol fermentation was performed using SSF and SHF process with Pachysolen tannophilus KCTC 7937. The ethanol concentration was 6.5 g/L by SSF and 6.0 g/L by SHF.

Comparison of Saccharina japonica-Undaria pinnatifida Mixture and Minoxidil on Hair Growth Promoting Effect in Mice

Park, Ki Soo,Park, Dae Hwan Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2016 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.43 No.6

Background Algae have traditionally been used for promotion of hair growth. Use of hair regrowth drugs, such as minoxidil, is limited due to side effects. The aim of this study was to examine a mixture of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida (L-U mixture) on hair growth and to compare the promoting effect of hair growth by a 3% minoxidil and a L-U mixture. Methods To evaluate the hair growth-promoting activity, saline, 50% ethanol, 3% minoxidil, and the L-U mixture were applied 2 times a day for a total of 14 days on the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice after depilation. Analysis was determined by using a high-resolution hair analysis system, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and H&E staining. Results On day 14, the hair growth effect of the L-U mixture was the same as that of the 3% minoxidil treatment. The L-U mixture significantly (P<0.05) stimulated hair growth-promoting genes, as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor -1. Increase of VEGF was observed in the L-U mixture group compared with minoxidil and the negative control. In contrast, the L-U mixture suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$, which is the hair loss-related gene. In histological examination in the L-U mixture and minoxidil groups, the induction of an anagen stage of hair follicles was faster than that of control groups. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the L-U mixture can promote hair growth in mice, similar to the effect from minoxidil, and suggests that there is potential application for hair loss treatments.

Comparison of Saccharina japonica–Undaria pinnatifida Mixture and Minoxidil on Hair Growth Promoting Effect in Mice

박기수,박대환 대한성형외과학회 2016 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.43 No.6

Background Algae have traditionally been used for promotion of hair growth. Use of hair regrowth drugs, such as minoxidil, is limited due to side effects. The aim of this study was to examine a mixture of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida (L-U mixture) on hair growth and to compare the promoting effect of hair growth by a 3% minoxidil and a L-U mixture. Methods To evaluate the hair growth-promoting activity, saline, 50% ethanol, 3% minoxidil, and the L-U mixture were applied 2 times a day for a total of 14 days on the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice after depilation. Analysis was determined by using a high-resolution hair analysis system, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and H&E staining. Results On day 14, the hair growth effect of the L-U mixture was the same as that of the 3% minoxidil treatment. The L-U mixture significantly (P<0.05) stimulated hair growth-promoting genes, as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor -1. Increase of VEGF was observed in the L-U mixture group compared with minoxidil and the negative control. In contrast, the L-U mixture suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor-β1, which is the hair loss-related gene. In histological examination in the L-U mixture and minoxidil groups, the induction of an anagen stage of hair follicles was faster than that of control groups. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the L-U mixture can promote hair growth in mice, similar to the effect from minoxidil, and suggests that there is potential application for hair loss treatments.