공동주택 실외 놀이 공간 계획의 친환경적 평가에 관한 연구

마현 ( Xuan Ma ),어성신 ( Sungsin Eo ),김지현 ( Jihyeon Kim ),황연숙 ( Yeonsook Hwang ) 한국공간디자인학회 2017 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.12 No.4

(Background and Purpose) Outdoor play spaces are often the most frequently used public spaces in apartment housing, and places where various communities are formed and residents` health and comfort can be improved. This interest in outdoor play spaces, combined with growing emphasis on environment-friendly materials and energy conservation, has expanded the necessity of developing outdoor play spaces that are in harmony with and protective of the environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate environment-friendly elements relevant to outdoor play spaces to improve the quality of outdoor play spaces within apartment complexes, and, based on the results, to provide baseline data related to environment-friendly planning measures for future apartment housing outdoor play spaces. (Method) This study targeted seven apartment housing outdoor play spaces located in Seoul and conducted a case analysis through on-site survey. Environment-friendly elements were extracted from preceding environment-friendly research and the environment-friendly certificate system, and, based on the elements, a checklist was made for environment-friendly evaluation of outdoor play spaces. Then, on-site surveys were performed at the seven target spaces using the checklist. (Results) This study, which evaluated seven play spaces and classified the environmental elements of land use, traffic, ecological environment, energy, and environmental load, found that apartment housing outdoor play spacing houses appeared to have inadequately considered the environment in their planning stages. First, although plans for play spaces utilizing the existing natural terrain were established in most cases, some had problems in the use of bike lanes and exclusive pedestrian roads near and directed toward the play space. Second, with respect to the artificial greening technique, side greening and facade greening were well applied, but the axis of the green belt was insufficiently considered. Third, although the systems for both rainwater load reduction for water resource conservation and trash and garbage disposal turned out to be relatively favorable, there was no plan for the use of rainwater, and the energy use and garbage disposal spaces were not sufficiently considered. (Conclusions) When play spaces are planned, a primary goal should be to promote children`s safety. This includes creating separate bike lanes and pedestrian roads towards play space. It also requires more attention paid to environment-friendly materials in the play space, including creating the green axis using the existing green belt as well as various types of ecology. Sustainability must also be an important consideration. Plans for outdoor play spaces should include water and energy conservation measures through rainwater use systems, water resource conservation systems, energy systems, and solar-powered lighting and recycling-type garbage disposals in harmony with adjacent landscapes to maintain cleanliness. In the future, follow-up studies should be conducted on the specific measures to utilize the study results as guidelines for the design of environment-friendly outdoor play spaces.

놀이행태 분석을 통한 어린이집 실외놀이공간 디자인에 관한 연구

김수정,박수빈 한국실내디자인학회 2018 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.27 No.6

자연환경이 적용 된 보육공간의 실외놀이공간은 유아의 상호작용을 활성화 시키는 해결책으로 제안된다. 실외놀이공간에서 진행되는 놀이활동은 유아의 신체적, 정서적 발달을 지원하고 감정을 보다 자유롭게 표현할 수 있다. 본 연구는 실외놀이공간에서 놀이를 통해 진행되는 유아의 공간사용 행태와 자연과의 접근성, 또래와의 상호작용을 중심으로 관찰하였다. 보육공간의 실외놀이공간은 유아의 다양한 신체적 활동을 지원하고 또래와의 상호작용을 통해 사회적 능력 발달을 돕는 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 유아의 공간사용 행태를 기반으로, 자연요소가 접해진 실외놀이공간에 적용 될 공간요소와 디자인을 제안한다. 연구대상지는 부산시 내의 생태유아교육 프로그램이 운영되는 어린이집 두 곳으로 선정하였다. 연구대상자는 상호작용이 시작되는 만3세에서 4세의 유아이다. 자연과 함께 진행되는 유아놀이행태 관찰을 통해 실외놀이공간에서 행해지는 유아의 상호작용과 선호하는 공간, 시설물을 파악함으로 생태유아교육 프로그램이 운영되는 보육기관의 실외놀이공간에 적용 될 디자인 요소와 방안을 제시한다. The background of this study is as follows. Children enjoy playing in nature of outdoor play space and form relationship with friends. Recent research suggests outdoor play space of nature as a solution for giving a boost to children's community. Outdoor spaces help children express their feelings more than they do indoor space. The purpose of this study is to supplement the outdoor play space design of childcare centers. The children's play activities are reviewed in light of the concepts and contents of previous research and documents. Field surveys and observations are subject to review of the literature. Two childcare center in Busan was surveyed and the children's behavior there was carefully observed from May 5th to May 25th, 2018. This study confirms the positive relationship between children's play and outdoor play space. (1) Children's prefer barrier free sites and places where they can play with natural object. (2) Sand play is the most frequent activities among children. The sand play area should be planned as a independable place and located near to water sink. (3) The rest area should be designed with shades and benches. These results contribute to design a outdoor play space for children's sustainable community activities.

아동 친화적 놀이공간 조성을 위한 공간구성요인의 중요도 분석

공미진 한국문화공간건축학회 2024 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.85

Based on the three rights that children should be guaranteed in a child-friendly city, a child-friendly city has set 10goals for the creation of a child-friendly city, and among which is the goal of encouraging play, which belongs to the categoryof a neighborhood environment that encourages active living, healthy physical activity, and social activities. The purpose of this study is to identify the importance of space in terms of physical environmental factors in cities, especiallyoutdoor play spaces for children that should be equipped in cities, and to investigate the difference between children'sperception of outdoor play spaces and the perceptions of guardians and architectural and urban experts. This study was conducted with the following contents and methods. First, we examined the theoretical background of outdoorplay spaces by focusing on the literature and previous studies related to outdoor play spaces. Second, a participant importanceanalysis was conducted for children on outdoor play spaces to analyze children's perceptions of outdoor play spaces. Third,adults were divided into a group of guardians and a group of architectural and urban experts, and a survey was conducted onthe importance of outdoor play spaces for each group. As a result of the survey, first, the survey of the top factors showed that the importance of providing a variety of playexperiences was the highest, followed by location and accessibility, organization of play areas, risk-taking, and challenging play. The children's group was found to provide a variety of play experiences, and the children's guardians and construction andurban workers were found to have the highest importance on location and accessibility. Second, when looking at the results ofsub factor importance, access safety, facilitation of interaction with new friends, and openness were found to be the mostimportant factors. It was found that the children's group considered the playground where many friends gather as important, thechildren's guardian group considered traffic and public safety and sunlight, and the architectural and urban expert groupconsidered access safety as the most important factor. Lastly, referring to the results of the overall importance and priorityranking, when planning the composition of the outdoor play space, it is found that the promotion of interaction with new friends,safety, traffic and public safety are actively considered, and the plan for the arrangement of equipment that separates chin-upbars, parallel bars are as, which were frequently used in the existing playground facilities, has been found to have a lowawareness of importance, so it can be used as a reference when planning the space. When creating outdoor play spaces forthe realization of a child-friendly city within the limited space of the city, it will be necessary to approach according to thedegree of importance.

예비유아교사의 바깥놀이 인식에 대한 은유분석

김도리,강민주 한국열린유아교육학회 2023 열린유아교육연구 Vol.28 No.5

본 연구는 은유분석을 통해 예비유아교사들이 바깥놀이에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 살펴봄으로써 유아교육기관에서의 바깥놀이 예비교사교육의 방향성 및 바깥놀이의 교육적 방안을 시사하고자 한다. 이를 위해 경남, 전북, 전남, 충북 지역에서 예비유아교사 195명을 대상으로 선정하여 ‘바깥놀이는 _________이다. 왜냐하면 __________이기 때문이다 ’의 은유분석 질문지를 통해 바깥놀이에 대한 예비유아교사들의 은유적 표현을 수집하였다. 6단계의 은유분석 절차를 통한 연구 결과, 바깥놀이는 다음의 4가지 영역, 개방적인 공간, 발달의 공간, 필수적인 공간, 불안전한 공간으로 분류되었다. 개방적인 공간은 자유로운 것, 즐거운 것, 자연을 만나는 것으로 범주화되었고, 발달의 공간은 다양한 경험을 하는 것, 신체적으로 성장하는 것, 필수적인 공간은 필요한 것으로, 불안전한 공간은 위험한 것과 양면적인 것으로 범주화되었다. 본 연구를 통해 예비유아교사들이 현재 인식하는 바깥놀이에 대해 살펴보았으며, 이를 통해 이후 유아교사 양성과정의 교육내용 및 바깥놀이 방향성에 대한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study examined how pre-service early childhood teachers perceive outdoor play through metaphorical analysis. Our goal is to provide insights into the direction of outdoor play education for prospective teachers in early childhood education institutions and suggest educational approaches for outdoor play. A survey of 195 pre-service early childhood teachers from Gyeongnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, and Chungbuk provinces in Korea was conducted using a metaphorical analysis questionnaire consisting of the statement “Outdoor play is __________ because ___________”. Through the six-step metaphorical analysis process, the metaphors of the outdoor play were categorized into four major domains: Open, Developmental, Essential, and Unsafe space. Open space was conceptualized as freedom, enjoyment, and encountering nature. Developmental space encompasses various experiences and physical growth, whereas Essential space represents necessity. Unsafe space included risky and ambivalent elements. This study provides the insights on the current perceptions of pre-service early childhood teachers regarding outdoor play. We anticipate that this research will provide valuable insights for the content and direction of future early childhood teacher training programs and approaches to outdoor play.

공동주택 옥외공간에 대한 단지규모별 비교평가 분석

최열(Choi Yeol),임하경(Yim Ha Kyoung),정운빈(Cheong Un Bin) 대한토목학회 2009 대한토목학회논문집 D Vol.29 No.1D

본 연구는 옥외공간 설계변화에 대해 거주민들은 옥외공간에 대해서 어떤 인식을 가지고 있는지 조사하고자 옥외공간을 녹지공간, 놀이 및 운동 관련 공간, 보행공간, 휴식 및 조경시설 공간으로 분류하고 이에 대해 각각의 만족도와 개선사항을 단지규모별로 분석하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 단지내 특색있는 공간이 어딘지에 대한 질문에 단지의 규모가 클수록 녹지공간과 운동 및 놀이공간, 휴식 및 조경시설공간이 비슷한 비율로 응답된 반면, 모든 단지의 응답자들은 단지내 가장 부족한 공간으로 운동 및 놀이공간을 생각하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 단지규모에 따른 아파트 단지의 옥외공간에 대한 세부공간별 평가결과를 살펴보면 대단지일수록 옥외공간 설계시 좀 더 많은 설계 항목이 도입되고 운동 및 놀이공간 및 휴게공간 등에 대한 강조가 이루어지고 있는 현실과 달리 주민들의 평가는 이와 상반된 결과를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 단지규모가 클수록 옥외공간에 대한 이용객이 증가하여 이에 대한 수요가 증가하고 다양화되는데 비해 단지설계는 이를 뒷받침하지 못하고 있음을 보여주는 결과라 할 수 있을 것이다. The aim of this paper is to examine satisfaction of residents and preference on the outdoor space's design by multi-family housing complex scale. So we divide outdoor space into space for green land, space for physical training and play, space for walking and space for rest and landscape facilities. The major findings of this analysis are follows: Multi-family housing complex scale is the bigger, it is recognized by same ratio on specific outdoor space in housing complex that are space for green land, space for physical training and play, space for rest and landscape facilities. And space for physical training and play is found commonly into the poorest space in housing complex. Evaluation for resident's perception on outdoor space by multi-family housing complex scale shows that housing complex scale is the bigger, resident's satisfaction is the lower. That means that housing complex of large scale can't satisfy the diverse resident's demand.

숲 유아교육기관의 자연적 공간에서의 놀이활동 탐색

나귀옥 ( Kwi Ok Nah ),김경희 ( Kyoung Hee Kim ) 한국유아교육학회 2012 유아교육연구 Vol.32 No.6

유아의 놀이를 위한 공간으로 특별하게 고안되지 않은 자연적 공간에서 실외놀이를 매일 실시하는 숲유아교육기관 한 곳을 선정하여 놀이활동이 실행되는 환경특성은 어떠한지, 어떻게 운영되는지, 그 놀이활동의 가치는 무엇인지를 조사·분석하였다. 이 기관의 유아, 교사 및 유아의 학부모와 반구조화된 형식적 면담과 비형식적 면담을 실시하였고, 유아들의 놀이활동 및 모든 일과를 참여·관찰하였다. 또한 홈페이지에 게재된 놀이활동에 대한 사진 및 동영상을 수집하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 이 기관은 융통성있고 비구조적인 자연적 공간에서 유아들이 스스로 재미있는 놀이를 만들어 가고 있었으며, 자연을 체험하고, 발견과 탐색을 즐기고 있었다. 활동은 미리 정해지지 않았으며, 유아의 요구, 날씨, 계절과 그에 따라 출현하는 동식물에 근거하여 융통성있게 실행되었다. 또한 자유로운 활동을 통해 기관에 쉽게 적응하고 능동적이고 도전적인 활동을 함으로써 독립심과 자신감을 획득하며 건강에 기초한 행복을 추구하는 장이었다. This study investigates how the play activities of children in a forest school are implemented in a natural outdoor space, which is largely undeveloped and not necessarily predetermined as a space for children`s play. Children, their parents, and teachers were interviewed formally and informally. Children`s play activities in the natural outdoor space were observed by two observers once or twice a week for 7 months. Monthly and weekly plans, and photos and video clips were obtained from the observers and the website of the school. All data were analyzed by the two researchers according to grounded theory and methods. The results showed that the outdoor space used for play by children of this school was unstructured natural space. Children were making their own playful play, enjoying exploration and discoveries in this natural space. The curriculum was implemented flexibly according to the weather, seasons, and children`s wish, and children were given the rights for choice on the activities. This flexible and natural space was a site for pursuing independence and confidence, physical fitness and happiness. However, there was tension between desire for free play in natural outdoor space and pressure for academic activities due to the academic climate of Korean society.

유아발달 특성을 고려한 유치원 실외 놀이-학습공간의 계획 연구

원홍유,하숙녕 한국공간디자인학회 2022 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.17 No.5

(Background and Purpose) Kindergarten is a necessary milestone for preschool children where they can develop their creative abilities, intelligence, and motor skills, provided that they can play and learn in an optimal environment. Recent research on kindergartens indicates that when designing kindergarten outdoor spaces, the five types of spaces play are essential for children’s physical, social, cognitive, and emotional development: active-play, individual play, ecological, experimental, and gathering spaces. Therefore, this study intends to explore the design direction for each of the five types of outdoor spaces that should be prioritized to promote child development. (Method) This study used both factor and hierarchical analysis methods. First, after observing child development and referring to the relevant documents on the concept and planning aspects of the five key spaces of kindergartens, the preparatory variables were obtained through in-depth interviews of kindergarten teachers. Second, to derive the final variables, the final variables extracted by an expert FGI were used to develop a questionnaire administered through e-mail and face-to-face interviews. Third, the results are analyzed by determining the weightage and relative salience of the selected factors. (Results) The survey results indicate that among the outdoor kindergarten spaces, active-play areas are the most important. According to the survey, children all believe it to be the most important factor for promoting children’s physical development in the process of play-learning. Ecological spaces are the second most important type of space, because children can connect with animals and plants and get in touch with nature through, which improves their cognitive development. Third, experimental spaces enable children to try variety of materials such as clay, meet challenges, and take risks. Therefore, it is another space that helps improve children’s cognitive development. Fourth, the gathering space is also a space for children’s social development, as it allows them engage in teamwork and prioritizes mutual interactions. Based on the survey, individual space is the least important type of space, although it has an impact on children's emotional development. (Conclusions) Considering the goal of child development and the five key kindergarten spaces, this study proposed the elements that should receive the highest priority while designing kindergartens. Based on these results, future research should consider the limitations of the existing design and further develop the design direction for kindergartens.

유아와 교사가 인식하는 유아교육기관 바깥놀이 공간의 의미 탐색

권선영(Sun-Young Kwon),정지현(Ji-Hyun Jung),박선미(Sun-Mi Park) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

본 논문은 유아교육기관의 실외공간인 바깥놀이터의 다양한 공간 구성과 그 속에서 이루어지는 유아 간, 교사-유아간 상호작용을 통해 유아와 교사가 경험하게 되는 공간의 의미가 어떠한지를 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 다양한 프로그램을 운영하는 유치원 3곳과 어린이집 1곳을 선정하여 유아들의 바깥놀이 활동 시간을 중심으로 한 비참여 관찰과 유아를 대상으로 한 비형식적 면담, 교사를 대상으로 한 심층면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과 참여한 기관의 바깥놀이 공간 구성에 따라 유아들은 바깥놀이 공간을 자신의 심리를 재현 또는 표출하는 공간, 일상생활이 확장된 공간, 관계가 연속적으로 지속되는 공간으로 인식하였다. 반면 유아교사의 경우에는 기능적 공간, 제한된 공간, 분리된 공간으로 인식하는 경향성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 유아는 바깥놀이 공간에서 또래관계를 자연스럽게 형성 할 수 있는 기회와 확장된 놀이를 통해 유아자신의 일상성을 재구성하는 경험을 한다는 것과, 아동중심의 발달에 적합한 공간구성은 기능적이고 획일화된 바깥놀이 공간 구성이 아닌 유아들의 일상적인 삶과 관계성 속에서 이루어져야함을 알 수 있었다. This study researched the meaning of the outdoor play spaces used by young children, as perceived by them and their teachers. For this purpose, indirect observation, nonformal interviews during the activity of young children and in-depth interviews with teachers were conducted in 3 kindergartens and 1 day care center which operate various programs. As a result, outdoor play spaces were recognized as a psychological space, expanded space and sequential space for the relationships of young children. Meanwhile, early childhood teachers perceived them as a functional space, expanded space and restricted space of the children"s daily lives. It was recognized that outdoor play spaces provided the children with good and unstructured environments to reorganize their own daily pattern through expanded play and the chance to naturally form peer relationships. This suggests that the space configuration which is most suitable for child centered development is one that is formed within and by their daily lives, rather than the standardized configuration of outdoor play spaces.

호주 실외놀이터의 친환경적 특성 연구

김자경(Kim, Ja Kyung) 한국실내디자인학회 2020 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.29 No.6

In the era of the 4th revolution where autonomy, creativity, and convergence are emphasized, it is very important to foster children"s possibilities through play. In particular, playing outdoors without hesitation opens up more possibilities. Accordingly, as interest in the importance of eco-friendly play spaces as well as re-lighting on play has grown in Korea, many ecological playgrounds have been created around the area from 2014. However, the realization of an eco-playground in the true meaning of an eco-friendly playground is not well implemented. Therefore, in this study, based on the design philosophy of “the best playground is nature,” we analyzed the eco-friendly characteristics of Australia"s outdoor playground using natural elements as much as possible and presented the main planning elements of the eco-friendly outdoor playground. Accordingly, 10 playgrounds with the scale of district play and neighborhood play spaces were selected in three areas in Australia, and observation and survey were conducted through direct field trips. we evaluated the environment-friendliness of these playgrounds in the 8 fields(location and placement, ecological environment, play space, play equipment and facilities, additional facilities, materials and resources, energy saving, environmental load reduction) according to the levels(suitable, partial reflection, unsuitable, non-reflection) of reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. we evaluated the environment-friendliness of these playgrounds in the 8 fields(location and placement, ecological environment, play space, play equipment and facilities, additional facilities, materials and resources, energy saving, environmental load reduction) according to the levels(suitable, partial reflection, non-reflection) of reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. The following is the summary of the results about the reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. In terms of "suitable": location and placement(98.3%), play equipment and facilities(91.2%), play space(88.6%), environmental load reduction (88.3%), ecological environment(76.9%), additional facilities(77.6%) and materials and resources(70.4%) were higher than others in Korea. In terms of "non-reflection": energy saving (65%), additional facilities(18%), materials and resources(8.3%) showed that overall eco-friendly planning elements were actively reflected except for energy saving.

어포던스 이론이 유아교육기관 놀이환경 구성에 주는 시사점

차기주 ( Cha Ki-joo ),최지은 ( Choi Jieun ) 한국유아교육학회 2023 유아교육연구 Vol.43 No.3

공간은 ‘제3의 교사’라 칭해질 만큼 유아의 성장과 발달에 있어 중요하다. 본 연구는 유아의 놀이에 영향을 미치는 실내외 공간과 놀잇감을 포괄하는 물리적 환경으로서의 유아교육기관 환경을 어포던스 이론 및 개념과 관련지어 분석한 국내외 연구들을 살펴보고 그 결과가 유아교육기관 환경 구성에 주는 시사점을 도출하는 데 그 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 먼저 어포던스의 개념과 하위 유형들을 살펴보고, 이어서 유아교육기관 실내외 공간 및 놀잇감으로 구분하여 어포던스 관련 연구를 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 이를 종합하여 관련 연구들에 대한 포괄적 논의를 바탕으로 어포던스 개념이 유아교육기관 물리적 환경 구성에 주는 시사점으로 1) 빈 공간의 힘: 넓고 개방적이며 다양한 영역으로 구성된 실외 공간의 제공, 2) 즉각적 피드백 제공과 실패의 허용: 실외 자연과의 접근성 제고, 3) 직관의 힘: 저절로 이해되고 사용할 수 있는 실내 환경으로 구성, 4) 창의적·발산적 사고의 자극: 개방적 놀잇감 및 다양한 유형의 놀잇감 제공, 5) 모험과 절제 사이: 조절력을 함양하는 역동적이고 도전적인 환경 제공의 5가지를 도출하고, 후속 연구에 대해 제언하였다. The phrase “environment as the third teacher” well reveals the importance of educational environments for young children’s sound growth and development. Children, as the agents of their own development, actively explore and experience the surrounding world while utilizing their senses and physically interacting with the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the concept of affordance as an environmental characteristic that supports or elicits human behaviors. In this context, to draw implications for the early childhood educational environments, this study aimed to examine affordance-related domestic and oversees studies, which encompass indoor and outdoor spaces and play materials that influence children's play. For this purpose, the theoretical concepts and subtypes of affordances were examined, which was followed by an investigation of studies categorized by indoor and outdoor spaces and play materials respectively in early childhood education institutions. Based on the review of relevant studies, five implications to construct better early childhood educational environments were derived and discussed, which are: 1) the power of empty space: environments composed of wide, open, and diverse areas, 2) immediate feedback and embracing failure: more frequent access to natural environment, 3) the power of intuition: intuitive and user-friendly indoor environments, 4) stimulating creative and divergent thinking: environments that provide open-ended and diverse types of play materials, and 5) between adventure and restraint: dynamic and challenging environments that allow for free exploration. Finally, suggestions for further research were discussed.