한남금북·금북정맥 일대의 찬공기 특성 분석을 통한 청주시 찬공기 관리방안

손정민 ( Jeong-min Son ),엄정희 ( Jeong-hee Eum ) 한국지리정보학회 2019 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.22 No.2

In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the cold air generated in Hannamgeumbuk and Geumbuk-Jeongmaek and proposed their management strategies. We also suggested management strategies after analyzing detailed cold airflows for Cheongju located Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongmaek and we compared the degree of nighttime temperature reduction of the Jeongmaek by using data obtained from observatories located on Cheongju. We used KALM(Kaltluftabflussmodell), a cold air simulation model developed in Germanay and identified both cold airflows and altitude of cold air layers generated during 360minutes at night. As a result, the cold airflow generated in the Jeongmaek became strong and the cold air was appeared clearly in the western part of the Hannamgeumbuk-Jeongamek and in the northern part of the Geumbuk-Jeongmaek. The average velocity of cold airflow was recorded at 0.45m/s, and the maximum speed of cold airflow was recorded at 2.70m/s. The average height of the cold air layer was 104.27m/s and the maximum thickness was 255.0m. The average velocity of cold airflows in Cheongju was 0.51m/s and the average height of cold air layer was 48.87m high. The highest degree of nighttime temperature reduction appeared in the Cheongnamdae observatory(-3.8℃), where the altitude of the cold air layer is high. The results showed that cooling effect of Jeongmaek actually affected the temperature reduction during nighttime. Based on the results, we designated the main mountain area of the Jeongmaek with active cold air generation as “cold air conservation areas” and proposed the current forest and topography conservation. We also proposed to designate areas that facilitate the cold airflows as “cold air management areas” and to complement the function of Jeongmaek. This study could support the establishment of systematic management plans of the Jeongmaek. In addition, it is expected that the results can be applied as basic data for ventilation paths of Cheongju.

도시환경개선을 위한 산림 기반 바람길 관리 계획- 낙동정맥을 사례로 -

성욱제,손정민,엄정희,민진규 한국지리정보학회 2023 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This study analyzed the cold air characteristics of the Nakdong Jeongmaek, which is advantageous for the formation of cold air that can flow into the city, in order to suggest the wind ventilation corridor plans, which have recently been increasing interest as a way to improve the urban thermal environment. In addition, based on the watershed analysis, specific cold-air watershed areas were established and management plans were suggested to expand the cold air function of the Nakdong Jeongmaek. As a result of the analysis of cold air in the Nakdong Jeongaek, cold air was strongly generated in the northern forest of the Jeongamek, and flowed into nearby cities along the valley topography. On average, the speed of cold air was high in cities located to the east of the Jeongmaek, while the height of cold air layer was high in cities located to the west. By synthesizing these cold air characteristics and watershed analysis results, the cold-air watershed area was classified into 8 zones, And the plans were proposed to preserve and strengthen the temperature reduction of the Jeongmaek by designating the zones as‘Conservation area of Cold-air’,‘Management area of Cold-air’, and ‘Intensive management area of Cold-air’. In addition, in order to verify the temperature reduction of cold air, the effect of night temperature reduction effect was compared with the cold air analysis using weather observation data. As a result, the temperature reduction of cold air was confirmed because the night temperature reduction was large at the observation station with strong cold air characteristics. This study is expected to be used as basic data in establishing a systematic preservation and management plan to expand the cold air function of the Nakdong Jeongmaek. 본 연구는 도시 환경 개선을 위한 방안으로 최근 관심이 높아지고 있는 바람길 관리방안을 제안하고자, 도시로 유입될 수 있는 찬공기 형성에 유리한 낙동정맥을 대상으로 찬공기 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 유역 분석을 기반으로 낙동정맥의 구체적인 바람길 유역을 설정하고 유역별 찬공기 기능 확대를 위한 방안을 제안하였다. 낙동정맥의 찬공기 분석 결과, 찬공기는 낙동정맥의 북부 산림에서 강하게 생성되었으며, 계곡 지형을 따라 인근 도시로 유입되었다. 평균적으로는 낙동정맥의 동쪽에 위치한 도시에서 찬공기 풍속이 높았으며, 반면 서쪽에 위치한 도시에서는 찬공기층 높이가 높게 나타났다. 이러한 찬공기 특성 및 유역 분석 결과를 종합하여 낙동정맥의 바람길 관리유역을 8개로 분류하였으며, 이를‘찬공기 기능 보전유역’,‘찬공기 기능 관리유역’,‘찬공기 기능 집중관리구역’으로 설정하여 정맥의 기온 저감 기능을 보전 및 강화하기 위한 방안을 제안하였다. 또한, 찬공기의 기온 저감 기능을 검증하고자 기상관측 정보를 활용하여 야간 기온 저감 효과를 찬공기 분석 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 찬공기 특성이 강한 지점의 관측소에서 야간 기온 저감 효과가 상대적으로 크게 나타나 찬공기의 기온 저감 기능을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 낙동정맥의 찬공기 기능 확대를 위한 체계적 보전 및 관리계획 마련 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

낙동정맥 내 OECM 적용 가능 지역 발굴을 위한 마을 특성과 서식지 질 비교

오주형,김수진,김태수,장갑수,전성우 한국환경복원기술학회 2023 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.26 No.6

The Jeongmaeks are Korea’s unique forest space recognition system that diverged from the Baekdudaegan. The Jeongmaeks are easily exposed to pressure because it is adjacent to the living area. Among them, Nakdong-Jeongmaek has high biodiversity, but damage is accelerating. According to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2022, the target is to expand the area of terrestrial and marine protected areas to 30% of national territory by 2030. As of September 2023, the area of terrestrial protected areas in South Korea is only 16.97% of the country's territory. This is due in part to the high proportion of private forests in the region, which makes it difficult to establish protected areas. Therefore, there is a need to establish Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs), which pursue complex and effective conservation that considers multiple values, as an alternative to protected areas. This study aims to identify areas suitable for OECM and to provide opinions on the establishment of appropriate management plans for each value using SOM and InVEST Habitat Quality model. This study evaluated the habitat quality of 206 villages located within 1km of the Nakdong-Jeongmaek and compared the characteristics of villages classified by SOM. As a result, the habitat quality was 0.867 for Tourism village (ClusterⅣ), 0.838 for Conservation village (ClusterⅥ), 0.835 for Mixed village (ClusterⅠ), 0.796 for Production (ClusterⅤ), 0.731 for Rural village (ClusterⅢ) and 0.625 for Urban village (ClusterⅡ). When the distribution was identified through statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the distributions were not identical, with a p-value of 1.53e-08. Dunn‘s test showed a difference between Tourism, Conservation and Rural, Urban village. However, Mixed village was overestimated due to the lack of villages and the small area included in the study area. Moreover, Conservation village was somewhat under-evaluated in the analysis due to the use of a single weight for protected areas. It is necessary to perform additional reinforcement of the value evaluation of Jeongmaeks by conducting Forest Resource Survey and the National Natural Environment Survey. Therefore, we believe that sufficient validity for the establishment of OECMs in the Nakdong-Jeongmaek can be provided by addressing these limitations and conducting additional research.

바람길 활용을 위한 정맥의 찬공기 관리 방안 - 낙남정맥을 사례로 -

엄정희 ( Jeong-hee Eum ) 한국지리정보학회 2019 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.22 No.1

As urban heat environment problems occur due to climate change, urban thermal environmental problems such as heat waves and tropical nights are becoming more serious in cities. In South Korea, forest areas favorable for generating cold air account for about 63 percent of the land area. Furthermore, the Jeongmaek, the axis of the main mountain ranges of Korea, is located close to the cities. Hence, the management of cold air is an effective way to improve the thermal environment of Korean cities. We selected the Nak-nam Jeongmaek located in the southern part of Korean Peninsular as well as two cities (Jinju-si and Sancheong-gun) located at the Jeongmaek to analyze its cold air characteristics and suggest management strategies of cold air. We used KALM (Kaltluftabflussmodell), a cold air simulation model developed in Germany and identified both the cold air flow and the height of cold air layer generated during 6 hours at night. As a result, the cold air flow generated in the Jeongmaek became clear and the height of cold air layer increased with time. Based on the results, we proposed management plans to maintain and expand the cold air flow. For example, forest areas with active cold air generation were designated as‘cold air conservation areas’, and areas requiring management for good cold air flow were as‘cold air management areas’. This study is expected to be useful for establishing systematic urban ventilation plan to improve thermal environment in Korea cities.

전주지역의 바람길 특성 분석 및 활용 방안

엄정희 한국환경생태학회 2019 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.33 No.3

본 연구는 폭염 및 미세먼지 저감을 위한 계획요소인 바람길의 활용 가능성을 논의해보고자, 전주시를 대상으로 바람길의 특성을 분석하고, 바람길 활용을 위한 방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해, 호남정맥에 위치하는 전주지역 일대의 찬공기 흐름 및 찬공기 층 높이 등 찬공기 특성을 분석하였고, 전주시의 주요한 바람길을 특정하였다. 또한, 이를 바탕으로 전주시 일대의 산림관리 및 도시계획 활용방안을 제안하였다. 찬공기 특성 분석을 위해 독일에서 개발된 모형인 KALM(Kaltluftabflussmodell)을 이용하여 야간 6시간 동안 생성되는 찬공기 흐름 및 찬공기층 높이를 파악하였다. 분석 결과, 시간이 경과함에 따라 전주시 외곽 북동쪽 및 동쪽에 위치한 산림에서 생성된 찬공기의 흐름이 뚜렷해지고, 계곡지역과 농경지 일대에서 찬공기층의 높이가 증가하였다. 특히, 전주시의 찬공기 흐름은 북동쪽과 동쪽에서 생성된 찬공기가 전주시 중심 시가지로 유입되어 남쪽으로 흘러나가는 형태를 가지고 있어, 이상적인 바람길 의 구조를 보여주는 사례였다. 찬공기 분석 결과를 바탕으로, 찬공기 생성이 활발한 산림지역 일대를 ‘찬공기 보전지역’ 으로 지정하고, 원활한 찬공기 흐름을 위해 관리가 필요한 지역을 ‘찬공기 관리지역’으로 지정하여, 찬공기 흐름을 유지 및 확대할 수 있는 방안을 제안하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 전주시의 기후변화 적응 정책, 바람길숲 조성 사업 등 폭염과 미세먼지 해결을 위한 정책 수립과 연구의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of ventilation corridor and propose its utilization strategies in Jeonju city in order to discuss how to utilize urban ventilation corridors as a planning factor for reducing heat wave impact and fine particle pollution. For these purposes, cold air characteristics such as cold air flow and height of cold air in Jeonju area located in the Honam Jeongmaek were analyzed and major ventilation corridors were specified. Based on them, we proposed mountain management strategies for securing and utilizing ventilation corridors. We used KALM (Kaltluftabflussmodell), a cold air simulation model developed in Germany and identified both the cold air flow and the height of cold air layer generated during 6 hours at night. As a result, the cold air flow generated in the forests located in the northeast and east sides of the Jeonju city became clear and the height of cold air layer increased in the valley terrain and farmland areas with time. In particular, Jeonju City has an ideal structure of urban ventilation corridor. Based on the results, the area where the cold air generation is active was designated as the 'cold air conservation area', and the area requiring the management for the good cold air flow was as the 'cold air management area'. This study is expected to be used as basic data of policy making and research for reducing heat wave impact and fine particle pollution such as climate change adaptation policy and urban forest plans for ventilation corridor composition.

전북지역 백제와 가야의 교통로 연구

곽장근(Kwak, Chang-Keun) 한국고대사학회 2011 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.0 No.63

전북지역에서 축적된 고고학 자료를 내륙 교통로의 조직망에 대입시켜 전북지역 백제와 가야의 교통로에 대해 살펴보았다. 한성기 백제의 간선 교통로가 통과하는 섬진강 유역은 마한의 지배층 무덤인 말무덤을 제외하면 가야계 중대형 고총이나 가야계 최고급 위세품이 발견되지 않았다. 일제강점기부터 지명의 음상사와 단편적인 고고학 자료 만을 근거로 기문이 있었던 곳으로 비정되었지만 가야계 소국이 없는 것으로 보았다. 백제의 웅진 천도와 그에 따른 백제의 정치적인 혼란기를 틈타 장수 및 운봉지역의 가야가 그 주변지역으로 진출하였다. 장수지역의 가야는 금남호남정맥을 넘어 섬진강 상·중류지역과 진안고원의 금산·진안권을, 운봉지역의 가야는 백두대간을 넘어 섬진강 하류지역을 한 동안 가야의 영향권에 편입시켰다. 장수지역의 가야에 의해 강력한 방어체계가 구축됨으로써 한성기 백제의 간선 교통로가 차단되었고, 결국 웅진기 백제의 간선 교통로가 전주를 거쳐 호남정맥의 슬치를 넘는 루트로 재편성되었다. 동진강 하구의 가야포를 가야의 거점포구로 비정하였다. 대가야를 비롯한 영남 내륙지역과 전북 동부지역에 기반을 둔 가야계 소국들이 남제 등 중국과 교류할 때 주로 이용했던 국제교역항으로 추론하였다. In this paper, the changing processes of the roads in the three kingdoms period were studied by substituting the accumulated archeological data into the inland traffic network of the time. In the basin of the Seomjin-gang (river) where the main lines of Hanseong Baekje passed through, there was no middle or large sizes of tombs, nor the highest grade of prestige goods of the Gaya kingdom excavated except some horse tombs which belonged to the Mahan's ruling class. Since Japanese colonial rule, researchers have estimated that there was Gimun based on the homonyms of place names and fragmental archeological data, but they concluded that there was no Gayarelated state there. Baekje's transfer of its capital toWungjin and the following political confusion permitted Jangsu region Gaya and Wunbong region Gaya to advance towards Baekje area. Jangsu region Gaya crossed Geumnam-Honam Jeongmaek and occupied the upper and middle Seomjin-gang areas and Geumsan and Jinan ranges of the Jinan Height. AndWunbong region Gaya crossed Baekdudaegan and took over the lower Seomjin-gang area for some time. Because of the strong defense system constructed by Jangsu region Gaya, the main roads of Hanseong Baekje were blocked. Thus, a new main road system was reorganized centering around Gongju. Gaya port in the Dongjin-gang basin is estimated to have been the central one of Gaya. The port is estimated to have been functioned as an international port when the small states of Gaya founded in Youngnam inland area and the eastern area of Jeollabuk-do traded with foreign nations in China.

??南冥集??의 編刊과 來庵?寒岡 門派의 成立

서정문 조선시대사학회 2007 朝鮮時代史學報 Vol.40 No.-

인천광역시 도시구조 변화에 따른 공원·녹지 변화 특성 연구

곽남현(Kwak, Nam-Hyun),한봉호(Han, Bong-Ho),곽정인(Kwak, Jeong-in) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2020 國土計劃 Vol.55 No.3

This study was aimed at analyzing the characteristics of parks and green areas according to the urban changes in Incheon Metropolitan City. Before a port was opened in 1883, people relied on hunting, gathering food, and agriculture. In the nascent stage of city formation (1883-1914), western-type parks were introduced when Korea’s first universal park (Freedom Park) was created. The stage of city development (1915-1944), transient stage (1945-1959), and early city growth stage (1960-1970) were stages in terms of urban change, in which designated urban parks were determined via urban planning. These three stages, in terms of parks and green spaces, are correspondingly divided into the nascent stage (1915-1944), transient stage (1945-1959), and designation stage (1960-1970). In the nascent stage, the formation of parks was first declared by the Japanese Governor General in Korea’s Notice No. 3 in 1944. During the transient stage, parks were illegally occupied by refugees from the Korean War. In the designation stage, urban parks designated by urban planning were created, and large-scale park constructions were commenced. In the later city growth stage (1971-1994), urban parks and green areas of the modern concept were designated and created. This stage was divided into the stage in which legally required parks were established (1971-1981), and the stage of urban greening (1982–1994). The creation of parks was realized in the stage in which legally required parks were established. The urban-greening project, including the five-year urban greening promotion plan, was implemented during the urban-greening stage. Large-scale parks, such as Incheon Grand Park and Central Park, were established during this stage. The city reconstruction stage (1995-2009) was the stage in which parks and green plans were established, and the policy direction for parks and green areas in Incheon was established through the implementation of the local-autonomy system. This stage was divided into the tree-planting stage (1995-2002) and the stage to create forests for life (2002-2009). In the city expansion stage (after 2010), a legally required plan for parks and green areas was established. “Basic Plan for Parks and Green Areas in Incheon”, the first legal plan, was created in 2010. Based on civic participation, the 140-km Incheon Dulegil was operated for preserving and utilizing a green axis, and efforts to create an eco-bridge linking the S-shaped green axis, namely, Hannam-Jeongmaek, were commenced.

호남 동부지역의 가야세력(加耶勢力)과 그 성장과정

곽장근 ( Chang Keun Kwak ) 호남고고학회 2004 湖南考古學報 Vol.20 No.-

종래의 지표조사나 발굴조사에서 축적된 고고학 자료를 교통로의 조직망에 대입시켜 호남 동부지역에 기반을 둔 가야세력의 성장과정과 그 성격에 대해 살펴보았다. 다시 말하면, 『山經表』의 내용을 호남 동부지역에 그대로 적용하여 錦江·蟾津江·南江 수계권으로 나눈 다음, 가야세력이 수계권별로 어떤 성장과정을 보였는지를 검토하였다. 그런데 地名의 音相似을 근거로 호남 동부지역에서 유일하게 6세기 전반까지 문헌에 등장하는 上己汝이 있었던 곳으로 비정된 섬진강 수계권에서는, 그것을 입증해 주는 가야계 중대형 고총이 발견되지 않았다. 그러나 가야계 중대형 고총이 밀집 분포된 금강의 동부 지역권과 남강 수계권은, 錦南湖南正脈 혹은 白頭大幹의 산줄기들로 가로막혀 지형상으로는, 섬진강 수계권과는 별개의 독립된 지역권을 형성하고 있다. 게다가 토기류의 조합상과 고총의 발전상에서 밝혀진 바로는, 금강의 동부 지역권과 남강 수계권에 지역적인 기반을 둔 가야세력은, 대가야와의 긴밀한 교류관계를 바탕으로 각기 다른 가야계통의 국가단계의 정치체가 존재했을 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다. 다름 아닌, 금강의 동부 지역권에는 대규모 築城과 烽燧施設을 운영했던 것으로 알려진 가야계통의 소국, 반면에 남강 수계권에는 백제가 육로를 따라 서부경남지 역으로 진출하는 과정에 그곳을 차지하기 위해 6세기 초엽 이른 시기에 伴跛갈등관계를보였던 가야계통 소국인 己汶이 있었을 것으로 추정 된다. The purpose of his paper is to examine the growth process and the characteristics of the Gaya force, which was built in the east Honam region, by substituting previous surface surveys and the accumulated archeological data for the network of roads of that time. In other words, applying the contents of Sankyeongpyo to the east Honam region and dividing it into three river spheres, such as Geum-gang, Seomjin-gang, and Nam-gang, this research aims to review what growth processes each of the three spheres of Gaya showed. According to the Sound Similarity Theory, historians have presumed that there was Sanggimun in the Seomjin-gang sphere, the east Honam region, which was the only recorded country in the history until the early 6th century, but the middle- or large-scale old tombs of Gaya countries which verify the existence of Sanggimun have not been discovered yet. On the contrary, the east region of Geum-gang and Nam-gang spheres, where the middle- and large-scale old tombs of Gaya were densely and widely distributed, formed the individually different regional ranges from the Seomjin-gang sphere geographically, because they are obstructed naturally by the mountain ranges of the Geumnam Honam Jeongmaek or Baeckdudaegan, In addition, according to the collection of the various earthenwares excavated and the development of old tombs, there was a great possibility that the Gaya, which was built in the east range of Geum-gang and Namgang water spheres, existed together with many other Gaya-related small countries of respectively different state-level reign structures, based on the close interchange relationship with the Great Gaya. It could be inferred that there was a small country of Gaya line that took charge of building a large-scale construction of walls and managing signal-fire posts in the east range of the Geum-gang sphere, while there seemed to be Gimun, also one of the small countries of Gaya, in the Nam-gang sphere, for which Baekje revealed conflicts with a small country Banpa in the early 6th century, when Baekje tried to attack and occupy the west Kyeongnam region by land.

18세기 실학적 지리학자들의 학문적 親緣性 : 백두대간을 중심으로

김우선 한국고지도연구학회 2022 한국고지도연구 Vol.14 No.1

조선시대의 자연인식 체계인 백두대간은 1770년 무렵 신경준의 『산경표』를 통해서 그 명칭과 개념이 완성되었다. 그러나 백두대간의 1대간 1정간 13정맥은 조선 초기인 1402년부터 근 370여년간 고지도상에 별다른 지명의 병기 없이 線狀으로 표현되어왔다. 이러한 지도상의 산줄기는 관찬 및 사찬 사서와 지리서, 개인 문집의 기록을 통해서도 묘사되었는데, 특히 이수광의 『지봉유설』, 유형원의 『동국여지지』, 이익의 『성호사설』에서 공통적으로 나타나고 있다. 이들의 뒤를 이은 이중환은 『택리지』를 통하여 백두대간과 지맥에 이르기까지 脈勢의 흐름을 주변 군현 및 진산과 더불어 상세히 기술하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 조선시대 고지도와 문헌에서 지속적으로 등장하는 백두대간 개념이 18세기 『산경표』에서 완성되기까지의 과정을 살피고, 이러한 백두대간과 관련된 당대 실학적 지리학자들 사이의 학문적 친연성을 고찰하였다.