Biodiversity Indicator Assessment in Jeju and Gochang Biosphere Reserves, Korea

강성룡,장인영,한상학,박은진,유재영,강호정 한국환경정책학회 2023 環境政策 Vol.31 No.4

Biodiversity indicators are crucial tools in managing and conserving biosphere reserves. Therefore, in this study, we determine the biodiversity status of biosphere reserves by evaluating various biodiversity indicators and discussing efficient threat management strategies. For the assessment of overall species diversity, based on national surveys and academic papers, 5,911 and 2,323 species in Jeju and Gochang biosphere reserves, respectively, were identified. Regarding the Red List Index, Jeju and Gochang biosphere reserves scored 0.960 and 0.965, respectively, indicating a more favorable status of endangered species in Gochang than in Jeju. Jeju and Gochang biosphere reserves had 237 and 129 alien species, respectively. In the Jeju Biosphere Reserve, the ecosystem area ratio deteriorated, vegetation grade improved, and average patch size in natural space showed no significant trend, while in the Gochang Biosphere Reserve, the average patch size in natural space and vegetation grade improved and the ecosystem area ratio showed no significant trend. The protected area ratio was enhanced in both Jeju and Gochang biosphere reserves. Biosphere reserves have different purposes and uses for their core, buffer, and transition areas. Designating the buffer zone as a protected area is a crucial step for the ongoing conservation of biodiversity and the stability of ecosystems. Therefore, monitoring and reporting should be differentiated accordingly for practical biodiversity assessment. However, more monitoring and reporting on these zoning areas are needed to avoid data accumulation issues. In this study, these zoning areas were not considered due to data availability problems. Future monitoring, reporting, and assessment systems for biodiversity assessment in biosphere reserves must consider these zoning areas.

생물권보전지역에 대한 지역민 의식조사 연구 -광릉숲 생물권보전지역을 사례로-

박찬영,염성진 한국환경과학회 2023 한국환경과학회지 Vol.32 No.12

Since the Industrial Age, economic activities have raised environmental concerns, emphasizing the importance of biodiversity conservation areas. However, a fundamental contradiction exists between conservation and utilization, leading to conflicting interests. In light of these issues, the aim of this study was to propose efficient operational strategies for future urban biodiversity conservation areas, while also promoting local community economic development. Accordingly, the focus was the Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve as a case study. The findings reveal the following. First, all local residents recognize the importance of the biosphere reserve and hold a high regard for its direct role in conservation. Second, developing and promoting brands appears to have a more positive impact on local economic activation than activating projects linked to the biosphere reserve. Simultaneously, local residents have expressed negative evaluations of indiscriminate facility development, fearing reckless expansion. Third, if governance is promoted in the future, community participation will likely increase, leading to a strengthening of conservation awareness and the establishment of a framework among local residents and those in adjacent areas. Findings of this study are expected to serve as fundamental data for establishing effective communication among local residents in protected areas facing similar challenges, thus facilitating efficient decision-making processes.

Status of the Red-Listed Plant Species, Smilax wightii A. DC. in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, India

S. Paulsamy,길봉섭,K.K. Vijayakumar,P. Senthilkumar 한국생태학회 2009 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.32 No.4

The rare endemic plant, Smilax wightii, is generally distributed in shola forests at high altitudes in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, southern India. To determine the ecological status of the species, we surveyed 11 major shola forests in that region. S. wightii has a limited distribution in all sholas (frequency value of <13%). The density of the species is generally around 15/100 m² in the sholas except in Thiashola where it occurred at a density of 40 individuals/100 m². The density of S. wightii was generally greater in the margins of the shoals, while the interior forests contained fewer individuals per unit area. The basal cover occupied by this species ranged between 2246 and 3144 mm²/100 m². The importance value index for S. wightii was >2 in all shoals, which indicates that the species occupies an important position in the lower stratum of shola forests of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.

Status of the Red-Listed Plant Species, Smilax wightii A. DC. in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, India

Paulsamy, S.,Vijayakumar, K.K.,Kil, Bong-Seop,Senthilkumar, P. The Ecological Society of Korea 2009 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.32 No.4

The rare endemic plant, Smilax wightii, is generally distributed in shola forests at high altitudes in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, southern India. To determine the ecological status of the species, we surveyed 11 major shola forests in that region. S. wightii has a limited distribution in all sholas (frequency value of < 13%). The density of the species is generally around $15/100\;m^2$ in the sholas except in Thiashola where it occurred at a density of 40 individuals/$100\;m^2$. The density of S. wightii was generally greater in the margins of the shoals, while the interior forests contained fewer individuals per unit area. The basal cover occupied by this species ranged between 2246 and $3144\;mm^2/100\;m^2$. The importance value index for S. wightii was >2 in all shoals, which indicates that the species occupies an important position in the lower stratum of shola forests of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve.

생물다양성과 지역먹을거리운동

현혜경(Hye Kyung Hyun) 제주학회 2013 濟州島硏究 Vol.39 No.-

제주지역은 생물권보전지역 및 세계자연유산, 세계지질공원 등으로 유네스코에 의해 지정되어 있다. 이는 제주지역의 자연유산이 인류의 지속적인 삶을 위해서 인류공동이 보전할 가치가 있음을 의미하는 것이기도 하지만, 다시 한 번 제주지역 사회의 개발과 사람들의 삶의 방식에 대한 역사적 궤적을 훑어보는 계기를 만들기도 했다. 제주지역은 1906년대 이후 줄곧 국가 주도 아래 단 기간에 한국의 대표적인 관광지로 개발되어왔다. 개발 과장에서 전통적인 공간들은 급속히 해체되었고, 섬 주민들의 전통적인 생활방식과 자연환경은 전면적인 변화를 맞게 되었다. 이 과정에서 섬 공동체를 유지시켜오던 생태순환적 삶 방식의 해체와 그로 인한 주민들의 정체성 혼란, 지역에 남아있던 다양한 문화의 소멸과 지나친 자연환경의 파괴에 대한 문제는 개발 이래 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 특히 생물다양성과 관련하야, 제주사람들은 이것이 섬이라는 특수한 공간에 살고 있는 공동체의 생존과 관련된 일이었기에, 자연을 대하는 태도는 진지할 수밖에 없었다. 따라서 제주지역이 유네스코 생물다양성 보전지역으로 지정되었다는 것은 제주사람들에게 희귀하거나 보전할 생물이 많은 지역을 보전한다는 의미를 넘어서 제주사람들의 심연에 자리한 자연에 대한 인식과 이용방식의 문제를 다시 한번 환기시키는 계기를 마련하였다고 볼 수 있다. 이런 인식의 환기는 일상의 먹을거리를 통해 생물다양성을 지키고 나아가 공통체를 활성화시키고, 지역사회를 재구조화시키는 문제로 확대되는 것을 볼 수 있다. 2000년대 들어 제주지역에서는 먹을거리와 관련된 운동들이 집중적으로 확산되는 것을 볼 수 있다. 먹을 거리 운동은 시민사회뿐만 아니라, 학교 관공서 등 여러 주체들에 의해 다양하게 확산되고 있으며, 생물다양성의 문제를 비롯해 먹을거리 주권관 안전성, 윤리의 회복, 공동체 활성화 등 복합적 배경 위에 전개되고 있다. 먹을거리 관련 운동들이 여러 다양한 배경의 결합 속에서 전개되고 있음에도 근본적으로는 제주지역에서 생태적순환체계를 이루던 시기의 먹을거리의 전통을 재해석하고, 이를 토대로 생물다양성과 문화다양성을 보존하며, 중앙 통제 개발로 인해 무너진 지역사회를 재건하고자 하는 분권적 태도를 지니고 있다. 이 과정에서 생물권 보전 지역이라는 특정지역의 인식을 넘어서 그 특정지역이 속해있는 제주지역 전체를 하나의 생물권 보전지역으로 확대되는 인식을 드러내고 있다. 또한 생물 다양성을 보전하려는 노력은 문화다양성의 문제로 이전되어 재해석되는 경향을 드러내고 있다. 생물다양성을 지키는 일들은 생물 자체의 보전만이 아니라, 그것과 연결된 생활이나 문화와 함께 연동되거나 생활 속에 녹아 남으로서 훨씬 더 효율적으로 보전할 수 있다는 논의를 이끌어 내고 있는 것이다. 본 논문은 생물다양성과 관련하여 제주지역 사회에서 일어나고 있는 지역사회의 운동 중 먹을거리 운동을 중심으로 운동의 전개와 그로 인한 의식변화를 살펴보고, 생물권 보전지역에 대한 공간인식의 확대와 시민사회에서 어떻게 재해석 과정을 거치고 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. Jeju Island has been designated by UNESCO as Biosphere Reserve, World Natural Heritage, and World Geological Park. This designation not only means that Jeju s natural heritage is valuable asset for sustainable Human life, but also provides an opportunity to review the historical trajectory of Jeju community development and the way of life of Jeju people. Jeju Island has been developed as one of Korea s leading toyrist attractions by the central government since the 1960s. Tradutional spaces have rapidly been dismantled during the developmental process. Accordingly, traditional community lifestyle and natural environment of the community have rapidly been changed. The end of ecological-circulation oriented life style that supported is land community and subsequent identity crisis, cultural discontinuation and excessive destruction of environment are ongoing issues. With regard to biodiversity, Jeju people s attitude toward nature has been genuine and important, because it is vital for the survival of community in an island such as Jeju. Hence, the UNESCO designation of Jeju Biodiversity Conservation Area enables Jeju people to reconsider their awareness and utilization of nature. This reconsideration can further be extended to the revitalization of community and reconstruction of local social organizations. Jeju Island in the 2000s saw the spread of food-related social actions (food movements_. Food movements spread widely by civil societies, schools, government offices. Issues were diverse and complex, and included biological diversity, food sovereignty and security, the restoration of ethics and community revitalization. Although food movements were being deployed in a combination of many different backgrounds, the fundamental basis of the movements was reinterpretation of traditional foods in the ecological circulatory system (which formed the basis of bio- and cultural diversity, and revitalization of community). During such process, the whole Jeju region, rather than specific areas designated as Biosphere Reserve within Jeju, was considered as Biosphere reserve. In addition, efforts to conserve biological diversity expanded to include the issue of cultural diversity To promote biodiversity, there was a growing recognition that, rather than simply preserving wild animals, the preservation should be associated with life activities and culture, so that wild life could be preserved much more efficiently. The aim of present paper was to examine community food movements and the resulting changes in people s awareness in Jeju with regard to biodiversity. Further, the recognition that biosphere reserve should be expanded to include the whole Jeju was examined focusing on how this recognition was reinterpreted in community organizations.

Floristic composition and species richness of soil seed bank in three abandoned rice paddies along a seral gradient in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, South Korea

조용찬,이선미,이창석 한국생태학회 2018 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.42 No.3

Background: We sought to understand the relationship between the seed bank and vegetation in abandoned rice paddies in South Korea, in order to guide management of these sites. We investigated the floristic composition and species richness of the soil seed bank and ground vegetation in former paddies along three seral gradients (wet meadow, young forest, and mature forest) in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve. Results: Seed bank samples contained 59 species, of which the dominant families were Cyperaceae, Gramineae, and Polygonaceae. Species richness and seedling density (59 taxa and 19,121 germinants from all samples) were high. Carex spp. (11, 921 germinants) were the dominant taxa. The species composition in the seed bank changed gradually as the land transitioned from wet meadow to mature forest. Sørensen’s index of similarity between above- and below-ground vegetation was 29.3% for wet meadow, 10.8% for young forest, and 2.1% for mature forest. Germinant density also declined, with 10, 256 germinants for wet meadow, 6445 germinants for young forest, and 2420 germinants for mature forest. Conclusions: Changes in aboveground environment and life history traits such as amphicarpic plants, likely affect the composition of soil seed bank species. Abandoned paddy fields may be good sites for restoration of wetland forest and conservation of wetland habitat. Some intervention may be required to promote the recovery of a natural species assemblage.

Floristic composition and species richness of soil seed bank in three abandoned rice paddies along a seral gradient in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, South Korea

Cho, Yong-Chan,Lee, Seon-Mi,Lee, Chang-Seok The Ecological Society of Korea 2018 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.42 No.9

Background: We sought to understand the relationship between the seed bank and vegetation in abandoned rice paddies in South Korea, in order to guide management of these sites. We investigated the floristic composition and species richness of the soil seed bank and ground vegetation in former paddies along three seral gradients (wet meadow, young forest, and mature forest) in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve. Results: Seed bank samples contained 59 species, of which the dominant families were Cyperaceae, Gramineae, and Polygonaceae. Species richness and seedling density (59 taxa and 19,121 germinants from all samples) were high. Carex spp. (11, 921 germinants) were the dominant taxa. The species composition in the seed bank changed gradually as the land transitioned from wet meadow to mature forest. Sørensen's index of similarity between above- and below-ground vegetation was 29.3% for wet meadow, 10.8% for young forest, and 2.1% for mature forest. Germinant density also declined, with 10, 256 germinants for wet meadow, 6445 germinants for young forest, and 2420 germinants for mature forest. Conclusions: Changes in aboveground environment and life history traits such as amphicarpic plants, likely affect the composition of soil seed bank species. Abandoned paddy fields may be good sites for restoration of wetland forest and conservation of wetland habitat. Some intervention may be required to promote the recovery of a natural species assemblage.

생물권보전지역 영산도의 해양 연체동물 자원

이준상,박지은,송대권,정준양,홍찬의,김용태,신현준,류자미,상민규 한국패류학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.38 No.3

The mollusks fauna were investigated to preserve the continuous biomass of Mytilus unguiculatus that are native to Yeongsan Island, Biosphere Reserve. The habitat competitors and predators affecting the survival of wild M. unguiculatus in Yeongsan Island were investigated. Therefore, the results of this study will be used as data for the continuous production of mussels in Yeongsan Island.

녹색평화의 시각에서 본 DMZ의 활용

김영봉 ( Young Bong Kim ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2010 통일과 평화 Vol.2 No.1

본 논문은 녹색평화적 시각에서의 비무장지대 활용방안을 모색하기 위해 비무장지대의 공간적 특성과 생태의 현황, 그리고 비무장지대 관리상의 현안을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 다양한 협력사업들을 구상하였다. 이를 위해 남북이 공동으로 협력할 수 있는 비무장지대의 생태계에 대한 체계적인 보전과 평화적인 이용, 그리고 남북한 공유하천과 농경지의 공동이용, 비무장지대 통과 교통망의 연결에 대해 중점을 두고 녹색평화적 차원에서의 구체적인 활용방안을 제시하였다. 주요 협력사업의 구상은 비무장지대의 생태계를 체계적으로 보전하고 그의 가치를 높여 남북이 평화적으로 이용하는 것에 초점을 맞추었다. 이에 따라 유네스코 생물권보전 지역 조성, DMZ녹색평화생태공원 조성, DMZ녹색평화의 강 추진, DMZ녹색평화브리지 건설, DMZ녹색평화의 들 조성 등의 사업들을 구상하였다. 이러한 협력사업들은 비무장지대에 형성된 생태자원의 보전과 남북의 평화 창출을 위해서 시급하게 해결해야 될 사업들이다. This study aims to suggest cooperation projects between South and North Korea regarding the utilization of the Demilitarized Zone(DMZ) based on the concept of "Green-peace", The projects includes an analysis of spatial characteristics and ecological conditions of the DMZ, administrative problems related to the management of the area, and various cooperation projects for the region. The study proposes a few cooperation projects: 1)a systematic conservation and peaceful use of the ecosystem of the DMZ and its surrounding areas ; 2) collaborative use of agricultural land and the rivers running through the region ; 3) and reconnection of the transportation networks. Major emphasis of the cooperation projects is placed on the preservation of environment and the enhancement of its values, so that both South and North Korea can take advantage of the green assets from the DMZ. The green-peace projects include: 1) designation of the DMZ as the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve: 2) construction of the green-peace parks ; 3)creation of the green-peace rivers ; 4) construction lestablishment of the green-peace bridges ; and 5) accomodation of the green-peace fields in the DMZ. Finally, this study emphagizets the sense of urgency to implement these projects for the preservation of the natural environment as well as peace of the Korean Peninsula.

Cangio Mangrove Forest Management

김주영 한국사회학회 2016 한국사회학회 사회학대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.12

MANGROVE FORESTS ARE ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE ECOSYSTEMS ON EARTH. THEY HAVE GREAT IMPORTANCE TO COASTAL COMMUNITIES, AND THEY ALSO PROVIDE VARIOUS VALUABLE PRODUCTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES. MANY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES HAVE SHOWN, HOWEVER, THAT THEY REMAIN ONE OF THE MOST VULNERABLE ECOSYSTEMS ON PLANET EARTH, BEING DEFORESTED AT A SPEED GREATER THAN CORAL REEFS AND RAINFORESTS. TO COPE WITH THIS GROWING WARNING RATE AND TO SAVE MANGROVES, VARIOUS EFFORTS HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN TERMS OF THREE DISTINCTIVE PILLARS OF SUSTAINABILITY: ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC ACITIVITIES. IN SPITE OF THE POOR STATUS OF MANGROVES IN TROPICAL REGIONS SUCH AS SOUTH ASIA ATTRIBUTED BY THE RAPID DEVELOPMENTS, CANGIO, AS THE LARGEST REFORESTED MANGROVE AREA IN VIETNAM, WAS DESIGNATED BY THE UNESCO ON JANUARY 21, 2000 AS AN INTERNATIONAL MANGROVE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. LITERATURE REVIEWS OF THE REPUTATIONAL STORY AS WELL AS IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW WITH THE CONCERNED HAS BEEN CONDUCTED TO ALLOW THE CASE STUDY TO BE CONCRETE. ANALYSING THE SUCCESS OF THE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN CANGIO CAN SERVE AS A GOOD SAMPLE FOR SUSTAINING HUMAN AND NATURE TOGETHER.