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Ferri, Matteo,Mancarella, Fulvio,Seshia, Ashwin,Ransley, James,Soga, Kenichi,Zalesky, Jan,Roncaglia, Alberto Techno-Press 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.3
We report on the development of a new technology for the fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) strain sensors to realize a novel type of crackmeter for health monitoring of ageing civil infrastructures. The fabrication of micromachined silicon MEMS sensors based on a Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technology, designed according to a Double Ended Tuning Fork (DETF) geometry is presented, using a novel process which includes a gap narrowing procedure suitable to fabricate sensors with low motional resistance. In order to employ these sensors for crack monitoring, techniques suited for bonding the MEMS sensors on a steel surface ensuring good strain transfer from steel to silicon and a packaging technique for the bonded sensors are proposed, conceived for realizing a low-power crackmeter for ageing infrastructure monitoring. Moreover, the design of a possible crackmeter geometry suited for detection of crack contraction and expansion with a resolution of $10{\mu}m$ and very low power consumption requirements (potentially suitable for wireless operation) is presented. In these sensors, the small crackmeter range for the first field use is related to long-term observation on existing cracks in underground tunnel test sections.
Matteo Ferri,Fulvio Mancarella,Ashwin Seshia,James Ransley,Kenichi Soga,Jan Zalesky,Alberto Roncaglia 국제구조공학회 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.3
We report on the development of a new technology for the fabrication of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) strain sensors to realize a novel type of crackmeter for health monitoring of ageing civil infrastructures. The fabrication of micromachined silicon MEMS sensors based on a Silicon On Insulator (SOI) technology, designed according to a Double Ended Tuning Fork (DETF) geometry is presented, using a novel process which includes a gap narrowing procedure suitable to fabricate sensors with low motional resistance. In order to employ these sensors for crack monitoring, techniques suited for bonding the MEMS sensors on a steel surface ensuring good strain transfer from steel to silicon and a packaging technique for the bonded sensors are proposed, conceived for realizing a low-power crackmeter for ageing infrastructure monitoring. Moreover, the design of a possible crackmeter geometry suited for detection of crack contraction and expansion with a resolution of 10 and very low power consumption requirements (potentially suitable for wireless operation) is presented. In these sensors, the small crackmeter range for the first field use is related to long-term observation on existing cracks in underground tunnel test sections.
Kipling and Conrad: A Look from Different Angles of Empire
Marek Zaleski 19세기영어권문학회 2005 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.9 No.3
A short and passing remark on the difference between his and Kipling's writing made by Conrad in the letter to Henri D. Davray of 26th January 1908 gives one food for thought. Conrad says there that Kipling is “a national” writer and that he “tells about his compatriots,” but he himself, he “writes for them.” This remark of Conrad's I examine in my essay. The difference between Kipling's “talking” and Conrad's “writing” is located in rhetorical level, but what is rhetorical gains philosophical dimension. The difference between Kipling's “speaking” and Conrad's “writing” captures the difference of their discourses and seals the literary rank of their writings. This difference is visible in the modes of narratives they use: in Kipling's it manifests itself in the way he affirms the symbols and rites of the community, in Conrad's in the manner he puts them in doubt or questions them. Just as Rudyard Kipling's Anglo-Indianness saved him from being a die-hard imperialist, so Joseph Conrad's distrust of conventional wisdom made him alien to the idea of Empire. “Imperial” Kipling shows himself to be a proponent and a precursor of the melting pot community theory. New readings of Kipling's texts change opinions of his writing commonly expressed by some established critics of imperial discourse. I discuss this discourse on Conrad's writings too, to conclude that it is impossible to regard Heart of Darkness to be a novella written “from the imperialists' point of view.”
Radoslaw Kot,Sebastian Stynski,Krzysztof Stepien,Jaroslaw Zaleski,Mariusz Malinowski 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.1
Given their structural arrangement, photovoltaic (PV) modules exhibit parasitic capacitance, which creates a path for high-frequency current during zero-state switching of the converter in transformerless systems. This current has to be limited to ensure safety and electromagnetic compatibility. Many solutions that can minimize or completely avoid this phenomenon, are available. However, most of these solutions are patented because they rely on specific and often complex converter topologies. This study aims to solve this problem by introducing a solution based on a classic converter topology with an appropriate modulation technique and passive filtering. A 5.5 kW single-phase residential PV system that consists of DC-DC boost stage and DC-AC H-bridge converter is considered. Control schemes for both converter stages are presented. An overview of existing modulation techniques for H-bridge converter is provided, and a modification of hybrid modulation is proposed. A system prototype is built for the experimental verification. As shown in the study, with simple filtering and proper selection of switching states, achieving low leakage current level is possible while maintaining high converter efficiency and required energy quality.
Kot, Radoslaw,Stynski, Sebastian,Stepien, Krzysztof,Zaleski, Jaroslaw,Malinowski, Mariusz The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.1
Given their structural arrangement, photovoltaic (PV) modules exhibit parasitic capacitance, which creates a path for high-frequency current during zero-state switching of the converter in transformerless systems. This current has to be limited to ensure safety and electromagnetic compatibility. Many solutions that can minimize or completely avoid this phenomenon, are available. However, most of these solutions are patented because they rely on specific and often complex converter topologies. This study aims to solve this problem by introducing a solution based on a classic converter topology with an appropriate modulation technique and passive filtering. A 5.5 kW single-phase residential PV system that consists of DC-DC boost stage and DC-AC H-bridge converter is considered. Control schemes for both converter stages are presented. An overview of existing modulation techniques for H-bridge converter is provided, and a modification of hybrid modulation is proposed. A system prototype is built for the experimental verification. As shown in the study, with simple filtering and proper selection of switching states, achieving low leakage current level is possible while maintaining high converter efficiency and required energy quality.
Porter, Meghan R.,Kochi, Akiko,Karty, Jonathan A.,Lim, Mi Hee,Zaleski, Jeffrey M. Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Chemical Science Vol.6 No.2
<▼1><P>We demonstrate that ligand–metal–Aβ interaction with subsequent radical generation is a relatively rapid mechanism for influencing Aβ structural integrity and thus, the aggregation pathway.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Current approaches toward modulation of metal-induced Aβ aggregation pathways involve the development of small molecules that bind metal ions, such as Cu(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) and Zn(<SMALL>II</SMALL>), and interact with Aβ. For this effort, we present the enediyne-containing ligand (<I>Z</I>)-<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-bis[1-pyridin-2-yl-meth(<I>E</I>)-ylidene]oct-4-ene-2,6-diyne-1,8-diamine (<B>PyED</B>), which upon chelation of Cu(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) and Zn(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) undergoes Bergman-cyclization to yield diradical formation. The ability of this chelation-triggered diradical to modulate Aβ aggregation is evaluated relative to the non-radical generating control pyridine-2-ylmethyl-(2-{[(pyridine-2-ylmethylene)-amino]-methyl}-benzyl)-amine (<B>PyBD</B>). Variable-pH, ligand UV-vis titrations reveal p<I>K</I><SUB>a</SUB> = 3.81(2) for <B>PyBD</B>, indicating it exists mainly in the neutral form at experimental pH. Lipinski's rule parameters and evaluation of blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration potential by the PAMPA–BBB assay suggest that <B>PyED</B> may be CNS+ and penetrate the BBB. Both <B>PyED</B> and <B>PyBD</B> bind Zn(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) and Cu(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) as illustrated by bathochromic shifts of their UV-vis features. Speciation diagrams indicate that Cu(<SMALL>II</SMALL>)–<B>PyBD</B> is the major species at pH 6.6 with a nanomolar <I>K</I><SUB>d</SUB>, suggesting the ligand may be capable of interacting with Cu(<SMALL>II</SMALL>)–Aβ species. In the presence of Aβ<SUB>40/42</SUB> under hyperthermic conditions (43 °C), the radical-generating <B>PyED</B> demonstrates markedly enhanced activity (2–24 h) toward the modulation of Aβ species as determined by gel electrophoresis. Correspondingly, transmission electron microscopy images of these samples show distinct morphological changes to the fibril structure that are most prominent for Cu(<SMALL>II</SMALL>)–Aβ cases. The loss of CO<SUB>2</SUB> from the metal binding region of Aβ in MALDI-TOF mass spectra further suggests that metal–ligand–Aβ interaction with subsequent radical formation may play a role in the aggregation pathway modulation.</P></▼2>
Performance Based Seismic Design - State of Practice 2012 in the United States of America
Klemencic, Ron,Fry, J. Andrew,Hooper, John,Baxter, Robert,Morgen, Brian,Solberg, Kevin,Zaleski, Krzysztof Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2012 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.1 No.3
This paper presents a summary of the state of the practice for Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) in the United States. While it is not included in the prescriptive provisions of the United States' building codes, the PBSD procedure has been successfully implemented for two decades. The recent publication of the Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design of Tall Buildings by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) illustrates the fact that the engineering community has embraced this procedure and provides a thoughtful set of recommendations to building designers who intend to implement PBSD. The key parameters currently required for a PBSD also are outlined, such as seismic hazard definition, modeling procedures, and acceptance criteria. These Guidelines will serve as the basis for many PBSD projects in the coming years and as such are a common reference used throughout this paper. Finally, a brief summation of recent PBSD projects in the United States is presented.