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Yong-Dae Kim(김용대),Sang-Yong Eom(엄상용),Dong-Hyuk Yim(임동혁),Soon Kil Kwon(권순길),Choong-Hee Park(박충희),Guen-Bae Kim(김근배),Seung-Do Yu(유승도),Byung-Sun Choi(최병선),Jung-Duck Park(박정덕),Heon Kim(김헌) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.2
일반적으로 요중 카드뮴 농도는 요비중 또는 요중 크레아티닌 농도로 보정한 값을 사용해왔다. 그러나 어떤 보정방법이 더 타당한지에 대한 논란은 계속되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비교적 큰 규모의 일반인구집단을 대상으로 요중 카드뮴농도와 각종 신장손상지표들과의 관련성을 평가함에 있어 요비중 보정 방법과 요중 크레아티닌 보정 방법 중 어느 방법이 더 타당한지 비교 평가하였다. 1,086명의 자원자 중 신장질환의 질병력이 있는 사람을 제외한 862명이 최종적으로 연구대상에 포함되었다. 대상자들로부터 측정한 요중 카드뮴 농도 및 malondialdehyde (MDA), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase 농도, 혈중 크레아티닌을 이용하여 산출한 사구체여과율 등의 신장손상지표들간의 관련성을 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 요중 크레아티닌 농도보다는 요비중으로 보정한 카드뮴 농도가 각종 신장손상지표와 높은 상관성이 있음을 보여주었다. 특히, 요비중 보정 카드뮴 농도는 요중 MDA 농도와 양의 상관관계를, 사구체여과율과는 음의 상관관계를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 일반인구집단에서 카드뮴 노출이 많아질수록 사구체여과율이 감소함을 의미하며 이러한 기전에서 산화적스트레스가 관여하고 있음을 보여준다. 또한, 사구체여과율이 카드뮴 노출에 의한 유용한 신장손상지표 중 하나로 사용될 수 있음을 의미한다. In general, specific gravity (SG) and urinary creatinine (CR) have been used to adjust urinary cadmium (Cd) concentrations. However, the validity of correction methods has been controversial. We compared the two adjustments to evaluate associations between urinary Cd and various renal damage markers and to evaluate the relationship between urinary Cd concentration and renal disease markers, such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), in a relatively large general population sample. Among the 1,086 volunteers who were enrolled in this study, 862 healthy volunteers who did not have kidney disease were included in the final analysis. Urinary Cd, malondialdehyde (MDA), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations were measured, the creatinine-based eGFR was calculated, and the relationships between these markers were subsequently analyzed. This study showed the use of urinary Cd concentration adjusted with SG rather than with urinary creatinine may be appropriate in studies evaluating renal function based on Cd exposure. Urinary Cd concentration adjusted with SG had a positive correlation with urinary MDA levels and a negative correlation with eGFR. This relationship was relatively stronger in women than in men. This study showed that urinary Cd level was associated with decreased eGFR in the general population, and oxidative stress was likely to act as an intermediator in this process. These results suggest that eGFR can be a very good indicator of kidney damage caused by Cd exposure in the general population.
Kim, Yong-Dae,Eom, Sang-Yong,Yim, Dong-Hyuk,Kim, In-Soo,Won, Hee-Kwan,Park, Choong-Hee,Kim, Guen-Bae,Yu, Seung-Do,Choi, Byung-Sun,Park, Jung-Duck,Kim, Heon The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2016 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.31 No.4
<P>Concentrations of heavy metals exceed safety thresholds in the soil near Janghang Copper Refinery, a smelter in Korea that operated from 1936 to 1989. This study was conducted to evaluate the level of exposure to toxic metals and the potential effect on health in people living near the smelter. The study included 572 adults living within 4 km of the smelter and compared them with 413 controls group of people living similar lifestyles in a rural area approximately 15 km from the smelter. Urinary arsenic (As) level did not decrease according to the distance from the smelter, regardless of gender and working history in smelters and mines. However, in subjects who had no occupational exposure to toxic metals, blood lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and urinary Cd decreased according to the distance from the smelter, both in men and women. Additionally, the distance from the smelter was a determinant factor for a decrease of As, Pb, and Cd in multiple regression models, respectively. On the other hands, urinary Cd was a risk factor for renal tubular dysfunction in populations living near the smelter. These results suggest that Janghang copper smelter was a main contamination source of As, Pb, and Cd, and populations living near the smelter suffered some adverse health effects as a consequence. The local population should be advised to make efforts to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants, in order to minimize potential health effects, and to pay close attention to any health problems possibly related to toxic metal exposure.</P>
( Sang Yong Eom ),( Sun In Moon ),( Dong Hyuk Yim ),( Chul Ho Lee ),( Guen Bae Kim ),( Yong Dae Kim ),( Jong Won Kang ),( Kang Hyeon Choe ),( Sung Jin Kim ),( Byung Sun Choi ),( Seung Do Yu ),( Soung 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.3
Background: Korean regression models for spirometric reference values are different from those of Americans. Using spirometry results of Korean adults, goodness-of-fits of the Korean and the USA Caucasian regression models for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were compared. Methods: The number of study participants was 2,360 (1,124 males and 1,236 females). Spirometry was performed under the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. After excluding unsuitable participants, spirometric data for 729 individuals (105 males and 624 females) was included in the statistical analysis. The estimated FVC and FEV1 values were compared with those measured. Goodness-of-fits for Korean and USA Caucasian models were compared using an F-test. Results: In males, the expected values of FVC and FEV1 using the Korean model were 12.5% and 5.7% greater than those measured, respectively. The corresponding values for the USA Caucasian model were 3.5% and 0.6%. In females, the difference in FVC and FEV1 were 13.5% and 7.7% for the Korean model, and 6.3% and 0.4% for the USA model, respectively. Goodness-of-fit for the Korean model regarding FVC was not good to the study population, but the Korean regression model for FEV1, and the USA Caucasian models for FVC and FEV1 showed good fits to the measured data. Conclusion: These results suggest that the USA Caucasian model correlates better to the measured data than the Korean model. Using reference values derived from the Korean model can lead to an overestimation regarding the prevalence of abnormal lung function.
제련소 주변 지역 주민들의 혈중 중금속 농도와 혈압과의 관련성
엄상용(Sang-Yong Eom),임동혁(Dong-Hyuk Yim),문선인(Sun-In Moon),버룰마(Bolormaa Ochirpurev),최영숙(Young-Sook Choi),박충희(Choong-Hee Park),김근배(Guen-Bae Kim),유승도(Seung-Do Yu),최병선(Byung-Sun Choi),박정덕(Jung-Duck Park),김용대 한국농촌의학 지역보건학회 2017 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.42 No.1
이 연구는 장항제련소 주변 지역 주민들을 대상으로 중금속 노출에 의한 인체영향을 파악하기 위해 수행된 환경역학조사 결과 중 혈중 중금속 농도와 혈압 사이의 관계를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 이 연구에는 제련소에서 4㎞ 이내에 거주하는 570명의 30세 이상 성인 남녀가 포함되었으며 남녀별로 혈중 카드뮴, 수은 및 납 농도를 각각 3분위로 나눈 후 군별로 수축기 및 이완기 혈압의 차이를 각각 비교하였다. 또한, 다중회귀분석을 통하여 남녀별로 수축기 및 이완기혈압에 영향을 주는 위험요인으로서의 중금속을 파악하였다. 남자의 경우는 혈중 카드뮴과 수은의 농도별 군에 따라 수축기 혈압 및 이완기 혈압의 평균에 유의한 차이를 보였으나 여자의 경우는 모든 중금속의 3분위군에서 수축기 및 이온기 혈압의 평균이 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 다중 회귀 분석의 결과에서는 남자의 경우 연령과 체질량 지수 그리고 혈중 카드뮴 농도가 혈압에 영향을 주는 위험요인으로 나타났고, 여자의 경우는 연령과 체질량 지수, 음주 및 흡연, 그리고 혈중 수은이 혈압에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 종합해보면, 장항 제련소 근처에 거주하는 주민들은 일반인구집단과 비교해 볼 때, 매우 높은 농도의 혈중 카드뮴, 납 수치를 보여 이들은 과거 직업적 또는 환경적으로 고농도의 중금속에 노출된 것으로 판단되며, 이러한 고농도 노출 집단에서의 유해 중금속 노출, 특히 카드뮴과 수은이 혈압 상승에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 이들을 대상으로 추가적인 중금속 노출을 예방하기 위한 노력과 혈압 및 심뇌혈관질환 발생에 대한 지속적인 모니터링이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate a relationship between the blood concentrations of toxic metals and the blood pressure in people living near the copper smelter. Methods: The study included 570 adults living within 4km of the smelter. We compared systolic and diastolic blood pressure between tertiary groups for blood cadmium, mercury and lead levels, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors affecting systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Results: In male subjects, there is a significant difference in the mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between tertiary groups of blood cadmium and mercury levels, but in women, there was no significant difference in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in all tertiary groups of heavy metals. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age, BMI, and cadmium concentration in men were risk factors for blood pressure. In women, age and BMI, drinking and smoking, and blood mercury were significantly influenced to blood pressure. Conclusions: Residents living near the Janghang smelter showed high concentrations of blood lead and cadmium, suggesting that they were exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals released from the smelter in the past. Such exposure may have caused some blood pressure increase. Especially, the concentration of cadmium in the case of men and the concentration of mercury in blood in the case of women were found to be significantly related to the increase of blood pressure. The local population should be advised to make efforts to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants, in order to minimize cardiovascular disease, and to pay close attention to any health problems possibly related to toxic metal exposure.
Development and real-time analysis of a RTDS component for lead-acid battery
이효근(Hyo-Guen Lee),김경훈(Gyeong-Hun Kim),김남원(Namwon Kim),김상용(Sang-Yong Kim),서효룡(Hyo-Ryong Seo),황철상(Chulsang Hwang),박정도(Jung-Do Park),이동영(Dong-Young Yi),이상진(Sangjin Lee),박민원(Minwon Park),유인근(In-Keun Yu) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7
The advantages of lead-acid battery are relatively low expense, long life span, durability, and the commercial availability of the technology. The battery component for real time simulator has not been provided yet. This paper develops a RTDS (Real Time Digital Simulator) component for lead-acid battery and analyses in real time. The component of lead-acid battery is modeled with characteristics of charging and discharging, SOC (State Of Charge), and temperature. The real time simulation results of the model component are very close to the real lead-acid battery property. This component will be applied to the battery energy storage system for analysis of operational characteristics.
김상용(Sang-Yong Kim),김남원(Namwon Kim),황철상(Chulsang Hwang),이효근(Hyo-Guen Lee),김경훈(Gyeong-Hun Kim),서효룡(Hyo-Ryong Seo),박민원(Minwon Park),유인근(In-Keun Yu) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7
Converter per photovoltaic module (CPM) system has been researched to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) power generation system. The stability and efficiency of PV system might be different according to the connection structure of CPMs. Differences between series and parallel connection of CPMs for PV power generation system were analyzed in this paper. Boost type CPM was used to control maximum power of each PV module. CPMs were connected in series, and parallel to compare the PV output power according to the converter connection. More effective connection of CPMs is proposed by the simulation considering abnormal operation of converter of the PV system.