Analysis of Active Ion‑Leaching Behavior and the Reaction Mechanism During Alkali Activation of Low‑Calcium Fly Ash

Bo Yin,Tianhe Kang,Jianting Kang,Yuejuan Chen 한국콘크리트학회 2018 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.12 No.5

The dissolution and release of active ions, such as Si<SUP>4+</SUP>, Al<SUP>3+</SUP> and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, from fly ash directly affect the rate and extent of reaction product formation, which in turn affect the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash filling materials. In this study, low-calcium fly ash was soaked and activated in NaOH solutions with different concentrations (approximating the optimum dose range) for different lengths of time. The amounts of active ions leached and the changes in the mineral composition, chemical functional groups and surface morphology were tested and analyzed via ICP-OES, XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDS techniques. Based on these analyses, the reaction mechanism of alkali activation of low-calcium fly ash was further investigated. The results showed that the NaOH activation effect can significantly increase the amount of active ions leached from low-calcium fly ash. Notably, the amount of Si<SUP>4+</SUP> and Al<SUP>3+</SUP> leached clearly increased with increases in both NaOH concentration and soaking time. The plausible reaction mechanism is discussed in detail, which is that the alkali activator principally affected the surface of the vitreous particles of lowcalcium fly ash and induced differing surface modifications in the dissolution stage, depolymerization stage, polycondensation and polymer gel stage and diffusion stage. It was observed that the progress of the reaction is controlled by dissolution in the early stages, whereas activation is governed by diffusion when the surfaces of the fly ash particles are covered by precipitates.

On Efficient Processing of Continuous Reverse Skyline Queries in Wireless Sensor Networks

( Bo Yin ),( Siwang Zhou ),( Shiwen Zhang ),( Ke Gu ),( Fei Yu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.4

The reverse skyline query plays an important role in information searching applications. This paper deals with continuous reverse skyline queries in sensor networks, which retrieves reverse skylines as well as the set of nodes that reported them for continuous sampling epochs. Designing an energy-efficient approach to answer continuous reverse skyline queries is non-trivial because the reverse skyline query is not decomposable and a huge number of unqualified nodes need to report their sensor readings. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm that avoids transmission of updates from nodes that cannot influence the reverse skyline. We propose a data mapping scheme to estimate sensor readings and determine their dominance relationships without having to know the true values. We also theoretically analyze the properties for reverse skyline computation, and propose efficient pruning techniques while guaranteeing the correctness of the answer. An extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficiency of our approach.

Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as a Biomarker of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Zhong-bo Shang,Jun Wang,Shou-gang Kuai,Yin-yin Zhang,Qin-fang Ou,Hao Pei,Li Hua Huang 대한진단검사의학회 2018 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.38 No.1

Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine with chemokine-like functions, has been shown to play a central role in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, limited information is available regarding the use of MIF as an inflammatory pathway marker in patients with tuberculosis. This study aimed to investigate the association of MIF with IFN-γ and TNF-α in active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) following anti-tuberculosis treatment. Methods: The MIF, TNF-α, and IFN-γ serum levels were determined in 47 patients with APTB by cytokine-specific ELISA at four phases: prior to anti-tuberculosis drug treatment (baseline), and following 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment. In addition, we measured the MIF, TNF-α, and IFN-γ serum levels in 50 health controls. Results: MIF serum levels were significantly elevated (P<0.05) in patients with APTB prior to treatment compared with that in control subjects, and TNF-α ≥449.7 pg/mL was associated with high MIF levels (≥13.1 ng/mL). MIF levels were significantly reduced (P<0.01) following 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment, with variations in TNF-α and IFN-γ serum levels. MIF levels were positively correlated with the paired TNF-α level at baseline (r=0.1103, P=0.0316) and following 6 months of treatment (r=0.09569, P=0.0364).Conclusions: A reduction in the MIF serum levels in patients with APTB following anti-tuberculosis treatment may positively affect host immune protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Thus, serum MIF levels may constitute a useful marker for assessing therapy effectiveness in patients with APTB.

중국의 초등학교 사회교과서에 나타난 성별 불평등 분석

왕인보(Wang, Yin-bo),양정호(Yang, Jung-Ho),한희진(Han, Hee-Jin) 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2018 교육논총 Vol.38 No.3

본 연구는 중국의 초등학교 사회과 교과서에 나타나는 성별 불평등 현황에 대하여 탐색하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 중국의 초등학교 사회과 교과서 중에서 3학년부터 5학년까지의 인교판 교과서와 상교판 교과서이다. 연구방법은 빈도분석과 교과서 기술내용분석을 활용하였다. 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인교판 교과서와 상교판 교과서에 전반적으로 성별 불평등이 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 직업활동과 관련한 내용에서는 인교판 교과서와 상교판 교과서에서 성별 불평등 경향이 있다. 인교판 교과서가 상교판 교과서에 비하여 상대적으로 성별 불평등이 강하게 제시되었다. 셋째, 가사활동에서도 인교판 교과서와 상교판 교과서 모두가 성별 불평등 경향을 보이고 있으며 남녀등장인물 가사활동 참여 비율의 성별간 차이는 여전히 인교판 교과서가 상교판보다 크게 나타났다. 넷째, 사회활동과 관련된 내용은 2종 교과서에서 모두 직업활동과 가사활동에 비하여 적게 나타나고 있으며, 내용 부분에 있어서도 성별 불평등 경향도 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있지 않다. 대체적으로 중국의 초등학교 사회과 교과서 내용에서 학생의 성 역할에 대한 인식에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 성별 불평등 현상이 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 교과서에 나타난 성별 불평등 요소를 개선하려는 노력을 위하여 정책적인 제언을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to explore the gender inequalities in elementary school social studies textbooks in China. The subjects of this study are the social studies textbooks for the 3rd and 5th graders of Chinese elementary school, the textbooks published by the People’s Education Press in Beijing and Shanghai Education Press. The research method used frequency analysis and contents analysis of textbooks. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, gender inequalities were generally seen in the textbooks of the Beijing version and the Shanghai version. Second, in relation to occupational activities, both the textbooks published by the People’s Education Press and Shanghai Education Press showed similar trends of gender inequality. The Beijing version of social studies textbooks had a strong tendency to show gender inequality. Third, in the domestic activities, both the textbooks of the Beijing version and the textbooks of the Shanghai version showed gender inequality tendencies. Moreover, the gender differences in the participation rates of male characters and female characters were still larger in the Bejing version than the Shanghai version. Fourth, contents related to social activities were less common in both textbooks than occupational activities and household activities, and it was considered that gender inequality trends contained in contents were not presented clearly. There is a gender inequality phenomenon that can negatively affect the perception of students gender roles in the contents of main social studies textbooks in China. In order to improve gender inequality in textbooks, policy suggestions were also discussed.

The electrocatalysis of Mn-Co3O4/CeO2@C particles with different Ce content modified Ti/PbO2 anode and its application for copper electrodeposition

Yin Zihang,He Ruibo,Nie Fei,Wei Zhen,Jia Bo,Feng Qing,Fu Xiaolong,Zhang Wenyan 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.12

The oxygen evolution kinetics of industrial copper electrodeposition is slow, resulting in low electrocatalytic activity and high energy consumption. In this work, a quaternary composite of carbon coated active particles containing Mn, Co and Ce were prepared (Mn-Co3O4/CeO2@C), and Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 electrode doped with these active particles was prepared by co-electrodeposition. The microstructure and chemical composition of the electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization curve (Tafel) were used to study the electrochemical properties of anode materials. The results showed that the doping of Mn-Co3O4/CeO2@C active particles promoted the crystal transition of PbO2, decreased the average grain size, and the doping of Ce increases the average valence state of Co. The modified titanium electrode showed excellent catalytic activity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) characteristics. The overpotential of the doped Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 anode was only 453 mV when the current density was 20 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, which is 508 mV lower than that of the undoped Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 anode. In simulated copper electro-deposition experiments, the cell voltage was reduced by about 400 mV, compared to the undoped Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 electrode.

The Incidence, Changes and Treatments of Cervical Deformity After Infection and Inflammation

Bo Han,Jianqiang Wang,Yong Hai,Duan Sun,Weishi Liang,Peng Yin,Hongtao Ding 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.1

A healthy cervical spine with normal movement is the basis of many daily activities and is essential for maintaining a good quality of life. However, the alignment, fusion, and structure of the cervical spine can change for various reasons, leading to cervical deformity, mainly kyphosis. Approximately 5%‒20% of spinal infections in the cervical spine cause cervical deformity. The deformity can recover early; however, the disease's long-term existence or the continuous action of abnormal stress may lead to intervertebral fusion and abnormal osteophytes. Many gaps and controversies exist regarding infectious cervical deformities, including a lack of clear definitions and an acceptable classification system thereby requiring further research. Moreover, there is no consensus on the indications for postinfectious cervical deformity associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Brucellosis. Therefore, we reviewed and discussed the incidence, clinical manifestations, changes, and treatment of infectious and inflammatory secondary cervical deformities from common to rare to provide a theoretical basis for clinical decision-making.

Prediction of Sugar and Acidity Contents in Pineapple using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

( Bo-an Shang Kuan ),( Suming Chen ),( Chao-yin Tsai ),( Chih-hsiang Hsu ),( Ha-chun Hsu ),( Yung-huei Chang ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Pineapples are not only nutritious, but also have significant economic importance in Taiwan. Traditional technique used to determine the fruit’s quality is by hitting the fruit with palm. However, such method requires experience and is highly dependent on the condition of the fruit. More importantly, decisions made are often subjective. This research used near infrared spectroscopy to develop a fast and non-destructive method to measure the quality of pineapples. Tai-Nung No. 17 pineapple was used in this research to construct the calibration equation. During the experiments, pineapple samples are separated into three sections: top, middle, and bottom. Optical measurements are taken around each section in 90 degree increments, with a total of 131 samples. A multivariate model was then established by mathematical pre-treatments and modified partial least squared regression. Results showed strong correlation between constituents and optical spectrum, with a coefficient of determination r_c²=0.78,r_p²=0.747,SEP=1.142°Brix,RPD=1.803. Future experiment aims to increase the predictability of spectrum model by enhancing experimental methods, increasing sample size as well as minimizing experimental error.

Preparation and properties of the green-emitting phosphors NaCa0.98-xMgxPO4:

Bo Yue,Juan Gu,Guangfu Yin,Zhongbing Huang,Xiaoming Liao,Yadong Yao,Yunqing Kang,Panli You 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.4

In this study, a series of the green-emitting phosphors NaCa0.98-xMgxPO4:Eu2þ 0:02 was prepared through high temperature solid-state reaction. The structure and spectroscopic properties of these samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, reflectance spectra and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, respectively. The effect of Mg2+ co-doping concentration on the PL intensity of as-prepared samples was also investigated. The enhanced intensities of excitation and emission band of Eu2+ and a slight red-shift of the emission peak were observed due to Mg2+ co-doping. When the x value is 0.08, the phosphors possessed the maximum emission intensity monitored at 360 nm and the emission spectrum shows a single band centered at about 500 nm. The obtained phosphors had strong absorption in near-UV zone (350–400 nm), which can match the emission of near-UV light-emitting diodes. The prepared material is potential green phosphors for white LEDs.

Serum Levels of the Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Lumbar Radicular Pain Due to Disc Herniation

Bo Zu,Hong Pan,Xiao-Jun Zhang,Zong-Sheng Yin 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.5

Study Design: Cohort study. Purpose: This study primarily aimed to evaluate the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-4 in patients with lumbar radiculopathy 1 and 12 months after microdiscectomy. Overview of Literature: Lumbar radiculopathy is possibly caused by inflammatory changes in the nerve root. The intraneural application of pro-inflammatory cytokines induces behavioral signs associated with pain. Anti-inflammatory cytokine treatment effectively reduces hyperalgesia. Methods: The role of TNF-α and IL-4 in long-lasting lumbar radiculopathy was addressed. A total of 262 patients were recruited from Anqing Hospital, Anhui Medical University. During inclusion at 1 and 12 months, serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-4 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and pain intensity was reported on a 0–10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Sixty six patients had VAS <3 and 196 patients had VAS ≥3. Serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and antiinflammatory IL-4 in patients with lumbar radiculopathy related to disc herniation were measured at 1- and 12-month follow-up. TNF-α decreased in both VAS groups with time. In contrast, IL-4 increased in both groups at 1 month and then decreased gradually until month 12. The changes in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-4 over time between the VAS ≥3 and VAS <3 groups were significantly different. Conclusions: Chronic lumbar radiculopathy may be associated with high level of pro-inflammatory substances, such as TNF-α, in serum after disc herniation, and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine in patients with lumbar radiculopathy may indicate a favorable outcome.

Nonlinear thermal post-buckling analysis of graphene platelets reinforced metal foams plates with initial geometrical imperfection

Yin-Ping Li,Gui-Lin She,Lei-Lei Gan,Hai-Bo Liu 국제구조공학회 2023 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.46 No.5

Although some scholars have studied the thermal post-buckling of graphene platelets strengthened metal foams (GPLRMFs) plates, they have not considered the influence of initial geometrical imperfection. Inspired by this fact, the present paper studies the thermal post-buckling characteristics of GPLRMFs plates with initial geometrical imperfection. Three kinds of graphene platelets (GPLs) distribution patterns including three patterns have been considered. The governing equations are derived according to the first-order plate theory and solved with the help of the Galerkin method. According to the comparison with published paper, the accuracy and correctness of the present research are verified. In the end, the effects of material properties and initial geometrical imperfection on the thermal post-buckling response of the GPLRMFs plates are examined. It can be found that the presence of initial geometrical imperfection reduces the thermal post-buckling strength. In addition, the present study indicates that GPL-A pattern is best way to improve thermal post-buckling strength for GPLRMFs plates, and the presence of foams can improve the thermal post-buckling strength of GPLRMFs plates, the Foam- II and Foam- I patterns have the lowest and highest thermal post-buckling strength. Our research can provide guidance for the thermal stability analysis of GPLRMFs plates.