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Study on Foreign Body Passage in an Ultra-Small Axial Flow Hydraulic Turbine
Yasuyuki Nishi,Tomoyuki Kobori,Yutaka Kobayashi,Terumi Inagaki,Norio Kikuchi 한국유체기계학회 2020 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.13 No.1
Ultra-small axial flow hydraulic turbines, which are of the size of your palm, are a type of turbine that can be applied to the low heads of existing pipelines and open channels. However, due to their compact size, they are more likely to malfunction in case of foreign body contamination. In our study, we observed the passage of foreign bodies through an ultra-small axial flow hydraulic turbine and their encounter with the blocking mechanism of the turbine. We selected polyethylene ropes of varying lengths with a wire diameter of 5 mm to serve as foreign bodies. By varying the length of the rope, we were able to visually observe the movement of the foreign body. The turbine’s blocking mechanism can be broadly classified as guide vanes or runners. In the case of runner, blocking occurs when foreign bodies are bent and are caught at the leading edge of the blade. The passage rate through the hydraulic turbine is largely dependent on the passage rate at the runner section, which decreases proportionally with the length of the foreign body and the rotational speed of the blades.
Ship-to-Ship Radiocommunication Trial by Using Wireless LAN
Yasuyuki NIWA,Hisaya MOTOGI,Chihiro NISHIZAKI,Misako URAKAMI,Takahiro SETA,Mitsuru KOBAYASHI,Makiko MINAMI 국제이네비해양경제학회 2015 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.3 No.1
Seamless transfer of electronic information/data between ship-to-shore and vice versa and between ship-to-ship and shore-to-shore is being developed in the IMO e-Navigation strategy implementation plan (SIP). We have been focused on wireless LAN for ship-to-ship radiocommunication. In a former field radiocommunication trial, omni-directional antennas were used and a few hundred kbps throughput between two ships was measured, which was not enough for our research target (over 1Mbps). In order to get faster throughput, a field radiocommunication trial was carried out again with a few types of directional antennas and RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) and the throughput between two ships was measured simultaneously. As a result, multi-path (2-path) model affected by the reflection of the sea surface was confirmed and also the characteristics of the directional antennas such as half-power angle were confirmed, but the measured throughput was fast enough to meet our expectation.
Generating Irreducible Self-reciprocal Polynomials by Using Even Polynomial over F<SUB>q</SUB>
Shigeki Kobayashi,Yasuyuki Nogami,Tatsuo Sugimura 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
This paper proposes a method of generating irreducible self?reciprocal polynomials by using even polynomial over Fq, where q is odd prime. First, we prepare an irreducible self?reciprocal polynomial F(x) in Fq[x] of degree 2m. Then, the proposed method repeatedly generates a lot of irreducible self?reciprocal polynomials of degree 2mby using F(x) as a seed. In this paper, the set of the generated polynomials is called loop. In general, all of them are not in one loop. This paper also shows a method for preparing a seed of another loop.
( Seongjin Oh ),( Yasuyuki Suzuki ),( Shusuke Hayashi ),( Yutaka Suzuki ),( Satoshi Koike ),( Yasuo Kobayashi ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2017 한국축산학회지 Vol.59 No.11
Background: Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is an agricultural byproduct containing alkylphenols that has been shown to favorably change the rumen fermentation pattern only under experimentally fixed feeding conditions. Investigation of CNSL potency in rumen modulation under a variety of feeding regimens, and evidence leading to the understanding of CNSL action are obviously necessary for further CNSL applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potency of CNSL for rumen modulation under different dietary conditions, and to visually demonstrate its surfactant action against selected rumen bacteria. Methods: Batch culture studies were carried out using various diets with 5 different forage to concentrate (F:C) ratios (9:1, 7:3, 5:5. 3:7 and 1:9). Strained rumen fluid was diluted with a buffer and incubated with each diet. Gas and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were characterized after 18 h incubation at 39 °C. Monensin was also evaluated as a reference additive under the same conditions. Four species of rumen bacteria were grown in pure culture and exposed to CNSL to determine their morphological sensitivity to the surfactant action of CNSL. Results: CNSL supplementation decreased total gas production in diets with 5:5 and 3:7 F:C ratios, whereas the F:C ratio alone did not affect any gas production. Methane decrease by CNSL addition was more apparent in diets with 5:5, 3:7, and 1:9 F:C ratios. An interactive effect of CNSL and the F:C ratio was also observed for methane production. CNSL supplementation enhanced propionate production, while total SCFA production was not affected. Monensin decreased methane production but only in a diet with a 1:9 F:C ratio with increased propionate. Studies of pure cultures indicated that CNSL damaged the cell surface of hydrogen- and formate-producing bacteria, but did not change that of propionate-producing bacteria. Conclusion: CNSL can selectively inhibit rumen bacteria through its surfactant action to lead fermentation toward less methane and more propionate production. As CNSL is effective over a wider range of dietary conditions for such modulation of rumen fermentation in comparison with monensin, this new additive candidate might be applied to ruminant animals for various production purposes and at various stages.
Kubota, Hiroki,Taguchi, Kazumi,Kobayashi, Daichi,Naruyama, Hiromichi,Hirose, Masahito,Fukuta, Katsuhiro,Kubota, Yasue,Yasui, Takahiro,Yamada, Yasuyuki,Kohri, Kenjiro Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12
Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO), an occasional complication in patients with advanced urological cancer, causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting leading to suffering which severely impairs quality of life (QOL). Drug therapy, especially octreotide, a synthetic analog of somatostatin, is reportedly effective in controlling the symptoms of MBO. In the present study, we administered octreotide to urological cancer patients with MBO and evaluated the improvement of subjective symptoms, oral intake, and nasogastric intubation. Fourteen terminally ill urological cancer patients suffering with MBO were included (age range 55-92, 10 male, 4 female). Octreotide was administered at $300{\mu}g/day$ to those patients subcutaneously as a continuous injection. Significant improvements in subjective symptoms were observed in thirteen patients (92.8%), and ten patients (71.4%) were able to resume oral intake. Four patients required nasogastric drainage before the administration of octreotide, but nasogastric intubation was discontinued in all these cases after the use of octreotide. Early initiation of octreotide resulted in better improvement of MBO symptoms, and no adverse event was observed in any of the patients. These results revealed that $300{\mu}g/day$ dose of octreotide is safe and effective for managing gastrointestinal symptoms of terminally ill urological cancer patients with MBO. We also recommend starting the treatment with ocreotide as soon as MBO is diagnosed.
Current Status of Ozone Control Measures in the United States and Europe and Implications for Japan
Hideki Hasunuma,Liliana Martinez Rivera,Hirosato Kobayashi,Kenji Aizu,Kazunori Oshima,Jun Shibutani,Yasuyuki Itano,Satoru Chatani,Shuichi Hasegawa,Makiko Yamagami,Junya Hoshi KOSAE·JSAE·CSES-CSAE 2022 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.16 No.3
In Japan, the achievement rate of environmental standards for air pollution has been improving in recent years, but for photochemical oxidants, including ozone, improvement are required. In this study, we investigated trends in ozone countermeasures in the United States and Europe from the State Implementation Plan (SIP) and National Air Pollution Control Program (NAPCP) and examined whether there are any points recommended in Japan. The United States and Europe have different policies on environmental standards for air pollution and ozone control. In the United States, states that do not meet the environmental standards for ozone concentration are required to develop an SIP to attain the standards. There was an urgent need to find a cost-effective approach to addressing the ozone problem, and forest control measures were one of the possibilities. In Europe, the European Union has set “target values” for ozone and NAPCP does not mention forest control measures or ozone sensitivity regimes. The main focus in Europe is on the win-win solution of reducing emissions of air pollutants at the same time as greenhouse gases. Japan should consider a framework including setting feasible step-by-step goals to attain the desired standards. As ozone is greatly affected by advection, wide-regional measures against ozone precursors and prediction of the future precursor reduction and concentration are required. The preparation of an emissions inventory and estimated reduction amount is prerequisites as basic data for simulation. To achieve this, cooperation between national, local and private research institutes is crucial. Since the international community has agreed to prioritize greenhouse gas countermeasures, Japan could consider a win-win solution for both ozone and greenhouse gas reduction.
Isao Murakami,Hiroko Machida,Tohru Morisada,Yasuhisa Terao,Tsutomu Tabata,Mikio Mikami,Yasuyuki Hirashima,Yoichi Kobayashi,Tsukasa Baba,Satoru Nagase 대한부인종양학회 2023 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.34 No.4
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of progestin re-treatment for recurrent endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AH) and endometrial cancer (EC) following initial fertility-sparing treatment. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by an Expert Panel of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology Endometrial Cancer Committee. Multiple search engines, including PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database, were searched in December 2021 using the keywords “Endometrial neoplasms,” “Endometrial hyperplasia,” “Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia,” “Fertility preservation,” “Progestins,” AND “Recurrence.” Cases describing progestin re-treatment for recurrent EIN, AH and EC were compared with cases that underwent conventional hysterectomy. The primary outcomes were survival and disease recurrence, and the secondary outcome was pregnancy. Results: After screening 238 studies, 32 with results for recurrent treatment were identified. These studies included 365 patients (270 received progestin re-treatment and 95 underwent hysterectomy). Most progestin re-treatment involved medroxyprogesterone acetate or megestrol acetate (94.5%). Complete remission (CR) following progestin re-treatment was achieved in 219 (81.1%) cases, with 3-, 6- and 9-month cumulative CR rates of 22.8%, 51.7% and 82.6%, respectively. Progestin re-treatment was associated with higher risk of disease recurrence than conventional hysterectomy was (odds ratio [OR]=6.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.99–23.10), and one patient (0.4%) died of disease. Fifty-one (14.0%) women became pregnant after recurrence, and progestin re-treatment demonstrated a possibility of pregnancy (OR=2.48; 95% CI=0.94–6.58). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that repeat progestin therapy is an effective option for women with recurrent EIN, AH and EC, who wish to retain their fertility.