Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Acanthopanax brachypus

Hu Haobin,Zheng Xudong,Hu Huaisheng,Li Yan 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.5

The essential oils from the flowers, leaves, barks, roots and fruits of A. brachypus were individually extracted by hydrodistillation, and their chemical constituents were isolated and characterized by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 160 different constituents accounting for 86.45-96.54% of the total essential oils were identified, and 3 constituents were unidentified (< 0.8%), and significant qualitative and quantitative differences were observed among the oils, in which the yields varied between 0.61-1.83 (mL/100 g dried materials) under the same operational conditions. The oils from flowers, leaves, barks and roots consisted mainly of monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as well as oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, while the fruit oil consisted mainly of fatty acids and esters. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils was evaluated against 11 microorganisms (9 for bacteria and 2 for yeast) using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The bacteria, including gram-positive bacteria and gramnegative bacteria, were more sensitive to the oils than yeasts.

MiR-1224-5p modulates osteogenesis by coordinating osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation via the Rap1 signaling target ADCY2

Hu Liangcong,Xie Xudong,Xue Hang,Wang Tiantian,Panayi Adriana C.,Lin Ze,Xiong Yuan,Cao Faqi,Yan Chengcheng,Chen Lang,Cheng Peng,Zha Kangkang,Sun Yun,Liu Guodong,Yu Chenyan,Hu Yiqiang,Tao Ranyang,Zhou 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) broadly regulate normal biological functions of bone and the progression of fracture healing and osteoporosis. Recently, it has been reported that miR-1224-5p in fracture plasma is a potential therapy for osteogenesis. To investigate the roles of miR-1224-5p and the Rap1 signaling pathway in fracture healing and osteoporosis development and progression, we used BMMs, BMSCs, and skull osteoblast precursor cells for in vitro osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis studies. Osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis were detected by ALP, ARS, and TRAP staining and bone slice resorption pit assays. The miR-1224-5p target gene was assessed by siRNA-mediated target gene knockdown and luciferase reporter assays. To explore the Rap1 pathway, we performed high-throughput sequencing, western blotting, RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and immunohistochemical staining. In vivo, bone healing was judged by the cortical femoral defect, cranial bone defect and femoral fracture models. Progression of osteoporosis was evaluated by an ovariectomy model and an aged osteoporosis model. We discovered that the expression of miR-1224-5p was positively correlated with fracture healing progression. Moreover, in vitro, overexpression of miR-1224-5p slowed Rankl-induced osteoclast differentiation and promoted osteoblast differentiation via the Rap1-signaling pathway by targeting ADCY2. In addition, in vivo overexpression of miR-1224-5p significantly promoted fracture healing and ameliorated the progression of osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency or aging. Furthermore, knockdown of miRNA-1224-5p inhibited bone regeneration in mice and accelerated the progression of osteoporosis in elderly mice. Taken together, these results identify miR-1224-5p as a key bone osteogenic regulator, which may be a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis and fracture nonunion.

Piezo channels in the urinary system: Correspondence

Hu Shuaishuai,Yao Xudong 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

We read an informative review article by Li et al.1, titled “Piezo channels in the urinary system”. They report that mRNA expression of Piezo2 increased significantly in both human bladder cancer tissues and mouse bladder cancer tissues. They further found that Piezo2 only correlates with tumor stage. However, this conclusion was based on the results of only one experiment. I read the original study that the author cited in the review. The study found that Piezo2 mRNA was significantly increased in the pT2 tumor stage compared to the pT0 tumor stage, but with no significant difference between the pT2 tumor stage and pT1 tumor stage. Therefore, it is not accurate to state that Piezo2 correlates with tumor stage based on this single experiment. This review provides very little information about the role of Piezo2 in bladder cancer. Here, we would like to provide more comprehensive information regarding the role of Piezo2 in bladder cancer based on current studies and tumor datasets.

QTL Analysis of Floral Traits of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) under Well-Watered and Drought Stress Conditions

Hu Songping,Zhou Ying,Zhang Lin,Zhu Xudong,Wang Zhenggong,Li Lin,Luo Lijun,Zhou Qingming 한국유전학회 2009 Genes & Genomics Vol.31 No.2

Three floral traits, spikelet number per panicle (SNP), percentage of single exserted stigma (PSES) and dual exserted stigma (PDES) of a RI population with 185 lines under water stress and non-stress conditions for two years were investigated in a drought tolerance screening facility. ANOVA results showed high significance between years, lines, and water stress treatments, together with interactions among them in pairs. High phenotypic correlation was found between PSES and PDES (r = 0.5424***). Based on a linkage map of 203 SSR markers, when under well-watered condition, six QTLs ( qSNP-3b, qSNP-4, qSNP-11 qSNP-2, qSNP-5 and qSNP-9) were detected for SNP. Half of them had significant Q× E interactions. Three QTLs ( qPSES-1, qPSES-2, qPSES-5) were found to influence PSES, including one locus ( qPSES-2) having Q× E interaction. And three QTLs ( qPDES-2, qPDES-5 and qPDES-8) were also detected to influence PDES. qPDES-5 was found to have Q × E interaction. The contribution rate of a single QTL varied from 0.80% to 8.83% for additive effect, and 1.86% to 15.25% for Q × E interactions. Under drought stress, six QTLs ( qSNP-3a, qSNP-4, qSNP-7a, qSNP-7b, qSNP-8 and qSNP-9) were associated with SNP, including qSNP-3a and qSNP-4 with Q × E interaction. Three QTLs ( qPSES-1, qPSES-10 and qPSES-12) were located on rice chromosome 1, 10 and 12 for PSES. Four QTLs ( qPDES-1a, qPDES-1b, qPDES-4 and qPDES-9) were detected for PDES, including qPDES-9 with Q ×E interaction. The additive effect of single QTL can only explain 1.16% to 5.84% of total variance while Q × E interaction of four loci can explain 4.25% to 11.54% of total variance for each locus. There were one to nine pairs of epistatic QTLs influencing SNP and stigma exsertion. The contribution rates of additive and epistatic effects seemed to be in a low magnitude for most cases (0.76%~9.92%) while a few QTLs or QTL pairs explained more than 10% of total variance. Some main effect QTL and epistasis were commonly detected among PSES and PDES, explaining the high positive correlation between them. Few QTLs were detected under both water stress and non-stress conditions, indicating that drought had severe impact on the genetic behaviors of both spikelet number and stigma exsertion. Three floral traits, spikelet number per panicle (SNP), percentage of single exserted stigma (PSES) and dual exserted stigma (PDES) of a RI population with 185 lines under water stress and non-stress conditions for two years were investigated in a drought tolerance screening facility. ANOVA results showed high significance between years, lines, and water stress treatments, together with interactions among them in pairs. High phenotypic correlation was found between PSES and PDES (r = 0.5424***). Based on a linkage map of 203 SSR markers, when under well-watered condition, six QTLs ( qSNP-3b, qSNP-4, qSNP-11 qSNP-2, qSNP-5 and qSNP-9) were detected for SNP. Half of them had significant Q× E interactions. Three QTLs ( qPSES-1, qPSES-2, qPSES-5) were found to influence PSES, including one locus ( qPSES-2) having Q× E interaction. And three QTLs ( qPDES-2, qPDES-5 and qPDES-8) were also detected to influence PDES. qPDES-5 was found to have Q × E interaction. The contribution rate of a single QTL varied from 0.80% to 8.83% for additive effect, and 1.86% to 15.25% for Q × E interactions. Under drought stress, six QTLs ( qSNP-3a, qSNP-4, qSNP-7a, qSNP-7b, qSNP-8 and qSNP-9) were associated with SNP, including qSNP-3a and qSNP-4 with Q × E interaction. Three QTLs ( qPSES-1, qPSES-10 and qPSES-12) were located on rice chromosome 1, 10 and 12 for PSES. Four QTLs ( qPDES-1a, qPDES-1b, qPDES-4 and qPDES-9) were detected for PDES, including qPDES-9 with Q ×E interaction. The additive effect of single QTL can only explain 1.16% to 5.84% of total variance while Q × E interaction of four loci can explain 4.25% to 11.54% of total variance for each locus. There were one to nine pairs of epistatic QTLs influencing SNP and stigma exsertion. The contribution rates of additive and epistatic effects seemed to be in a low magnitude for most cases (0.76%~9.92%) while a few QTLs or QTL pairs explained more than 10% of total variance. Some main effect QTL and epistasis were commonly detected among PSES and PDES, explaining the high positive correlation between them. Few QTLs were detected under both water stress and non-stress conditions, indicating that drought had severe impact on the genetic behaviors of both spikelet number and stigma exsertion.

Ship Collision Avoidance Path Planning Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and Neural Network in Bad Weather

Hu Yancai,Gai Xudong,Zhang Qiang,Liu Yang 국제이네비해양경제학회 2023 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.20 No.-

Ship collision accidents not only endanger the safety of ships and personnel, but also may cause serious marine environmental pollution. To solve this problem, advanced technologies have been developed and applied in the field of intelligent ships in recent years. In this paper, a novel path planning algorithm is proposed based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to construct a decision-making system for ship's autonomous collision avoidance using the process analysis which combines with the ship encounter situation and the decision-making method based on ship collision avoidance responsibility. This algorithm is designed to avoid both static and dynamic obstacles by judging the collision risk considering bad weather conditions by using BP neural network. When the two ships enter a certain distance, the optimal collision avoidance course and speed of the ship are obtained through the improved collision avoidance decision-making method. Finally, through MATLAB and Visual C++ platform simulations, the results show that the ship collision avoidance decision-making scheme can obtain reasonable optimal collision avoidance speed and course, which can ensure the safety of ship path planning and reduce energy consumption.

Value and Clinical Application of Orthopedic Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm in CT Scans after Orthopedic Metal Implantation

Yi Hu,Shinong Pan,Xudong Zhao,Wenli Guo,Ming He,Qiyong Guo 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.3

Objective: To evaluate orthopedic metal artifact reduction algorithm (O-MAR) in CT orthopedic metal artifact reduction at different tube voltages, identify an appropriate low tube voltage for clinical practice, and investigate its clinical application. Materials and Methods: The institutional ethical committee approved all the animal procedures. A stainless-steel plate and four screws were implanted into the femurs of three Japanese white rabbits. Preoperative CT was performed at 120 kVp without O-MAR reconstruction, and postoperative CT was performed at 80–140 kVp with O-MAR. Muscular CT attenuation, artifact index (AI) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were compared between preoperative and postoperative images (unpaired t test), between paired O-MAR and non-O-MAR images (paired Student t test) and among different kVp settings (repeated measures ANOVA). Artifacts’ severity, muscular homogeneity, visibility of inter-muscular space and definition of bony structures were subjectively evaluated and compared (Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In the clinical study, 20 patients undertook CT scan at low kVp with O-MAR with informed consent. The diagnostic satisfaction of clinical images was subjectively assessed. Results: Animal experiments showed that the use of O-MAR resulted in accurate CT attenuation, lower AI, better SNR, and higher subjective scores (p < 0.010) at all tube voltages. O-MAR images at 100 kVp had almost the same AI and SNR as non-O-MAR images at 140 kVp. All O-MAR images were scored ≥ 3. In addition, 95% of clinical CT images performed at 100 kVp were considered satisfactory. Conclusion: O-MAR can effectively reduce orthopedic metal artifacts at different tube voltages, and facilitates low-tube-voltage CT for patients with orthopedic metal implants.

Experimental Study on Crack Propagation of Concrete Under Various Loading Rates with Digital Image Correlation Method

Jingwu Bu,Xudong Chen,Liangpeng Hu,Hanqing Yang,Saisai Liu 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.3

The quantificational exploration of the propagation law of fracture process zone (FPZ) is of great importance to the research on concrete fracture. This paper performed fracture experiments on pre-cracked concrete beams under various loading rates. Digital image correlation (DIC) method was applied to obtain the whole field displacement of concrete in the fracture test. The crack opening displacement (COD) and the evolution of FPZ were determined based on the whole field displacement. The results show that the length of FPZ first increases and then decreases with the development of the effective crack length and the maximum length of FPZ is about 60 mm. It can be found that the length of FPZ corresponding to the peak load decreases with the increase of loading rates. Based on the fictitious crack model, a bilinear softening model was established. According to the proposed model, the mechanical behavior and the propagation law of FPZ were analyzed. The bilinear softening model can reflect the microcrack development and the aggregate interlocking in the FPZ.

Hepatoprotective effect of phenylethanoid glycosides from Incarvillea compacta against CCl₄-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells

Shen, Ting,Li, Xueqin,Hu, Weicheng,Zhang, Lijin,Xu, Xudong,Wu, Haifeng,Ji, Lilian 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.4

The extraction and solvent partition of roots of Incarvillea compacta, a traditional Tibetan folk medicine, and repeated column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography for n-butanol fraction yielded four phenylethanoid glycosides, crenatoside (1), 3'''-O-methylcrenatoside (2), leucoseceptoside A (3), and martynoside (4). The chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses including NMR and MS. All compounds were isolated for the first time from the plant. Compound 1 exerted better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity. In addition, compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury in HepG2 cells. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with compound 1-4 significantly increased the viability on $CCl_4$-induced cell death. Furthermore, compounds 1-4 also alleviated $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and reduction of the malondialdehyde content, intracellular ROS as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ transactivation. Our results suggest that phenylethanoid glycosides ameliorate $CCl_4$-induced cell injury, and this protection was likely due to antioxidative activity and down-regulation of NF-${\kappa}B$.

Three-point Bending Behavior and Energy Absorption Capacity of Composite Tube Reinforced by Gradient Braided Structure in Radial Direction

Zhenyu Wu,Yong Shen,Zhongxiang Pan,Xudong Hu 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.7

This study aims to investigate the radial gradient structural effect on energy absorption and failure behavior ofbraided composite tubes. Two-layer tubular braided fabrics were fabricated using over-braiding technology with three typesof radial gradient configurations in terms of uninform, descending and ascending pattern. The structure of surface layertouching with indenter roll was found to have a significant role on the bending behavior and failure mode. The compositetube possessing the small angle surface layer tends to fail in top-surface mode characterized by compression damage incontact area between indenter roll and tube. With the increasing of the braiding angle in surface layer, the bottom-surfacefailure mode characterized by penetrating crack in circumferential direction was observed, which accompanies abruptlyloading drop and loss of energy absorption capacity. In addition, the tube in descending gradient pattern contributes to higherflexural modulus and peak load due to high fiber volume fraction, while keeps top-surface failure mode because of loadspreading ability provided by surface layer with small braiding angle. The results show that a proper selection of stackingsequence and braiding angle in multi-layer braided tube is capable of effectively enhancing the energy absorption of tubalstructures under bending load.

Hepatoprotective effect of phenylethanoid glycosides from Incarvillea compacta against CCl4-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells

Ting Shen,Xueqin Li,Weicheng Hu,Lijin Zhang,Xudong Xu,Haifeng Wu,Lilian Ji 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.4

The extraction and solvent partition of roots of Incarvillea compacta, a traditional Tibetan folk medicine, and repeated column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography for n-butanol fraction yielded four phenylethanoid glycosides, crenatoside (1), 3000-O-methylcrenatoside (2), leucoseceptoside A (3), and martynoside (4). The chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses including NMR and MS. All compounds were isolated for the first time from the plant. Compound 1 exerted better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity. In addition, compounds 1–4 were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- induced liver injury in HepG2 cells. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with compound 1–4 significantly increased the viability on CCl4-induced cell death. Furthermore, compounds 1–4 also alleviated CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and reduction of the malondialdehyde content, intracellular ROS as well as NF-jB transactivation. Our results suggest that phenylethanoid glycosides ameliorate CCl4-induced cell injury, and this protection was likely due to antioxidative activity and down-regulation of NF-jB.