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Properties of a-C:H films deposited from a methane electron cyclotron wave resonant plasma
N.A.Morrison,C.William,B.Racine,W.I.Milne,E.Martinez,J.Esteve,J.L.Andujar 한국물리학회 2003 Current Applied Physics Vol.3 No.5
An electron cyclotron wave resonant methane plasma discharge was used for the high rate deposition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H). Deposition rates of up to 400 AA/min were obtained over substrates up to 2.5 in. in diameter with a film thickness uniformity of 10%. The deposited films were characterised in terms of their mass density, sp3 and hydrogen contents, C–H bonding, intrinsic stress, scratch resistance and friction properties. The deposited films possessed an average sp3 content, mass density and refractive index of 58%, 1.76 g/cm3 and 2.035 respectively. Mechanical characterisation indicated that the films possessed very low steady-state coefficients of friction (ca. 0.06) and a moderate shear strength of 141 MPa. Nano-indentation measurements also indicated a hardness and elastic modulus of 16.1 and 160 GPa respectively. The critical loads required to induce coating failure were also observed to increase with ion energy as a consequence of the increase in degree of ion mixing at the interface. Furthermore, coating failure under scratch test conditions was observed to take place via fracture within the silicon substrate itself, rather than either in the coating or at the film/substrate interface. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Silva-Correa Carmen R.,Villarreal-La Torre Víctor E.,González-Siccha Anabel D.,Cruzado-Razco José L.,González-Blas María V.,Sagástegui-Guarniz William Antonio,Calderón-Peña Abhel A.,Aspajo-Villalaz Ci 한국독성학회 2022 Toxicological Research Vol.38 No.2
Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of various diseases, so their use has become widespread. However, in some cases the population uses plant species regardless of the toxicity they may possess. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract from the leaves of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. on the biochemical and histopathological parameters of albino Holtzman rats. To do this, the leaves of A. arborescens were collected in the province of Julcan, La Libertad Region—Peru. OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) guideline 423 was conducted, forming experimental groups of 10 animals each one (5 males and 5 females): Group I (Control), which received 2 mL physiological saline solution (SSF 0.9%), Groups II and III (A. arborescens-300 and A. arborescens-2000), which were given the aqueous extract leaves of A. arborescens in a single dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg/day, respectively. On the 14th day of exposure, biochemical (creatinine, ALT and AST) and histopathological parameters were measured. The results show that the aqueous extract of A. arborescens at the dose of 2000 mg/kg produces an increase in biochemical parameters which is related to histopathological analysis of liver and renal tissue with mild congestion. The study concludes that the aqueous extract leaves of A. arborescens has a LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg and produces mild congestion in kidneys and liver, but showed no significant toxicological changes in the other albino Holtzman rats organs.
Seo, Eun-Kyoung,Kim, Nam-Cheol,Wani, Mansukh C.,Wall, Monroe E.,Navarro, Herna'n A.,Burgess, Jason P.,Kazuko, Kawanishi,Kardono, Leonardus B.S.,Riswan, Soedarsono,Rose, William C.,Fairchild, Craig R. 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2002 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.11
Six new xanthones, cratoxyarborenones A-F (1-6), were isolated from the leaves, twigs, and/or stembark of Cratosylum sumatranum along with the known compound, vismione B (9), as active constituentsby tioasbay-directed fraetionation using the KB human cancer cell line Wtotoxicity assay. In addition,two novel anthraquinobenzophenones, cratoxyarborequinones A (7) and B (8), and two Imown compounds,2,4,0-trihydroxybenzophenone 4-O-geranyl ether and δ-tocotrienol, were obtained as inactive constituents.
Williams, A.F.,Leitch, B.W.,Wang, N. Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.7
This paper describes a finite element model of the microstructure of dispersion type nuclear fuels, which can be used to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the fuels during irradiation. The model simulates a representative region of the fuel as a prism shaped unit cell made of brick elements. The elements within the unit cell are assigned material properties of either the fuel or the matrix depending on position, in such a way as to represent randomly distributed fuel particles with a size distribution similar to that of the as manufactured fuel. By applying an appropriate heat flux across the unit cell it is possible to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the unit cell as a function of the volume fraction of the fuel particles. The presence of a fuel/matrix interaction layer is simulated by the addition of a third set of material properties that are assigned to the finite elements that surround each fuel particle. In this way the effective thermal conductivity of the material may also be determined as a function of the volume fraction of the interaction layer. Work is on going to add fission gas bubbles in the fuel as a fourth phase to the model.
Application and testing of a triple bubbler sensor in molten salts
Williams A.N.,Shigrekar A.,Galbreth G.G.,Sanders J. 한국원자력학회 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.7
A triple bubbler sensor was tested in LiCleKCl molten salt from 450 to 525 C in a transparent furnace to validate thermal-expansion corrections and provide additional molten salt data sets for calibration and validation of the sensor. In addition to these tests, a model was identified and further developed to accurately determine the density, surface tension, and depth from the measured bubble pressures. A unique feature of the model is that calibration constants can be estimated using independent depth measurements, which allow calibration and validation of the sensor in an electrorefiner where the salt density and surface tension are largely unknown. This model and approach were tested using the current and previous triple bubbler data sets, and results indicate that accuracies are as high as 0.03%, 4.6%, and 0.15% for density, surface tension, and depth, respectively
A.F. Williams,B.W. Leitch,N. Wang 한국원자력학회 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.7
This paper describes a finite element model of the microstructure of dispersion type nuclear fuels, which can be used todetermine the effective thermal conductivity of the fuels during irradiation. The model simulates a representative region of thefuel as a prism shaped unit cell made of brick elements. The elements within the unit cell are assigned material properties ofeither the fuel or the matrix depending on position, in such a way as to represent randomly distributed fuel particles with a sizedistribution similar to that of the as manufactured fuel. By applying an appropriate heat flux across the unit cell it is possible todetermine the effective thermal conductivity of the unit cell as a function of the volume fraction of the fuel particles. Thepresence of a fuel/matrix interaction layer is simulated by the addition of a third set of material properties that are assigned tothe finite elements that surround each fuel particle. In this way the effective thermal conductivity of the material may also bedetermined as a function of the volume fraction of the interaction layer. Work is on going to add fission gas bubbles in the fuelas a fourth phase to the model.
Yuk, Jong Min,Kim, Kwanpyo,Alemá,n, Benjamí,n,Regan, William,Ryu, Ji Hoon,Park, Jungwon,Ercius, Peter,Lee, Hyuck Mo,Alivisatos, A. Paul,Crommie, Michael F.,Lee, Jeong Yong,Zettl, Alex American Chemical Society 2011 NANO LETTERS Vol.11 No.8
<P>We report a new and highly versatile approach to artificial layered materials synthesis which borrows concepts of molecular beam epitaxy, self-assembly, and graphite intercalation compounds. It readily yields stacks of graphene (or other two-dimensional sheets) separated by virtually any kind of “guest” species. The new material can be “sandwich like”, for which the guest species are relatively closely spaced and form a near-continuous inner layer of the sandwich, or “veil like”, where the guest species are widely separated, with each guest individually draped within a close-fitting, protective yet atomically thin graphene net or veil. The veils and sandwiches can be intermixed and used as a two-dimensional platform to control the movements and chemical interactions of guest species.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2011/nalefd.2011.11.issue-8/nl201647p/production/images/medium/nl-2011-01647p_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl201647p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl201647p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl201647p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl201647p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Rodolfo Valdés,Andrés Tamayo,Marcos González,Sigifredo Padilla,Déborah Geada,William Ferro,Lorely Milá,Leonardo Gómez,Rosario Alemán,Alberto Leyva,Cristina García,Otto Mendoza,Tatiana Alvarez,Lamay Do 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.1
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) production methods (ascites, in vitro technologies, transgenic animals, and dicot or monocot transgenic plants; moss, algae) have been improved since they were first developed in 1975. In this study, we illustrate a summary of a study case in which mice, a hollow fiber system, and tobacco transgenic plants were assessed for the production of mAb for vaccine manufacturing and vaccine production. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) production methods (ascites, in vitro technologies, transgenic animals, and dicot or monocot transgenic plants; moss, algae) have been improved since they were first developed in 1975. In this study, we illustrate a summary of a study case in which mice, a hollow fiber system, and tobacco transgenic plants were assessed for the production of mAb for vaccine manufacturing and vaccine production.
Degradation of thin carbon-backed lithium fluoride targets bombarded by 68 MeV 17O beams
김용현,Davids B.,Williams M.,Hudson K.H.,Upadhyayula S.,Alcorta M.,Machule P.,Esker N.E.,Griffin C.J.,Williams J.,Yates D.,Lennarz A.,Angus C.,Hackman G.,김동건,J. Son,Park J.,Pak K.,김용균 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.3
To analyze the cause of the destruction of thin, carbon-backed lithium fluoride targets during a measurement of the fusion of 7Li and 17O, we estimate theoretically the lifetimes of carbon and LiF films due to sputtering, thermal evaporation, and lattice damage and compare them with the lifetime observed in the experiment. Sputtering yields and thermal evaporation rates in carbon and LiF films are too low to play significant roles in the destruction of the targets.We estimate the lifetime of the target due to lattice damage of the carbon backing and the LiF film using a previously reported model. In the experiment, elastically scattered target and beam ions were detected by surface silicon barrier (SSB) detectors so that the product of the beam flux and the target density could be monitored during the experiment. The areas of the targets exposed to different beam intensities and fluences were degraded and then perforated, forming holes with a diameter around the beam spot size. Overall, the target thickness tends to decrease linearly as a function of the beam fluence. However, the thickness also exhibits an increasing interval after SSB counts per beam ion decreases linearly, extending the target lifetime. The lifetime of thin LiF film as determined by lattice damage is calculated for the first time using a lattice damage model, and the calculated lifetime agrees well with the observed target lifetime during the experiment. In experiments using a thin LiF target to induce nuclear reactions, this study suggests methods to predict the lifetime of the LiF film and arrange the experimental plan for maximum efficiency