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Regulation of Vacuolar H<SUP></SUP>-ATPase c Gene Expression by Oxidative Stress
Whan-Jong Kwak,Seong-Mook Kim,Min-Sung Kim,Jung-Hoon Kang,Dong-Jin Kim,Ho-Shik Kim,Oh-Joo Kown,In-Kyung Kim,Seong-Whan Jeong 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2005 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.9 No.5
By using differential display, we identified one of the genes encoding the multi-subunit complex protein V-ATPase, c subunit gene (ATP6L), and showed alterations of the gene expression by oxidative stresses. Expression of the ATP6L gene in Neuro-2A cells was increased by the treatment with H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and incubation in hypoxic chamber, implying that the expression of the ATP6L gene is regulated by oxidative stresses. To examine mechanisms involved in the regulation of the gene expression by oxidative stresses, the transcriptional activity of the rat ATP6L promoter was studied. Transcription initiation site was determined by primer extension analysis and DNA sequencing, and promoter of the rat ATP6L and its deletion clones were constructed in reporter assay vector. Significant changes of the promoter activities in Neuro-2A cells were observed in two regions within the proximal 1 kbp promoter, and one containing a suppressor was in 195 to 220, which contains GC box that is activated by binding of Sp1 protein. The suppression of promoter activity was lost in mutants of the GC box. We confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays that Sp1 protein specifically binds to the GC box. The promoter activity was not changed by the H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> treatment and incubation in hypoxic chamber, however, H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> increased the stability of ATP6L mRNA. These data suggest that the expression of the ATP6L gene by oxidative stresses is regulated at posttranscriptional level, whereas the GC box is important in basal activities of the promoter.
Regulation of Vacuolar $H^+-ATPase$ c Gene Expression by Oxidative Stress
Kwak, Whan-Jong,Kim, Seong-Mook,Kim, Min-Sung,Kang, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Dong-Jin,Kim, Ho-Shik,Kown, Oh-Joo,Kim, In-Kyung,Jeong, Seong-Whan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2005 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.9 No.5
By using differential display, we identified one of the genes encoding the multi-subunit complex protein V-ATPase, c subunit gene (ATP6L), and showed alterations of the gene expression by oxidative stresses. Expression of the ATP6L gene in Neuro-2A cells was increased by the treatment with $H_2O_2$ and incubation in hypoxic chamber, implying that the expression of the ATP6L gene is regulated by oxidative stresses. To examine mechanisms involved in the regulation of the gene expression by oxidative stresses, the transcriptional activity of the rat ATP6L promoter was studied. Transcription initiation site was determined by primer extension analysis and DNA sequencing, and promoter of the rat ATP6L and its deletion clones were constructed in reporter assay vector. Significant changes of the promoter activities in Neuro-2A cells were observed in two regions within the proximal 1 kbp promoter, and one containing a suppressor was in -195 to -220, which contains GC box that is activated by binding of Sp1 protein. The suppression of promoter activity was lost in mutants of the GC box. We confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays that Sp1 protein specifically binds to the GC box. The promoter activity was not changed by the $H_2O_2$ treatment and incubation in hypoxic chamber, however, $H_2O_2$ increased the stability of ATP6L mRNA. These data suggest that the expression of the ATP6L gene by oxidative stresses is regulated at posttranscriptional level, whereas the GC box is important in basal activities of the promoter.
Regulation of L-type Calcium Channel Current by Somatostatin in Guinea-Pig Gastric Myocytes
Kim, Young-Chul,Sim, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Sang-Jin,Kang, Tong-Mook,Kim, Sung-Joon,Kim, Seung-Ryul,Youn, Sei-Jin,Lee, Sang-Jeon,Xu, Wen Xie,So, In-Suk,Kim, Ki-Whan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2005 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.9 No.2
To study the direct effect of somatostatin (SS) on calcium channel current ($I_{Ba}$) in guinea-pig gastric myocytes, $I_{Ba}$ was recorded by using whole-cell patch clamp technique in single smooth muscle cells. Nicardipine ($1{\mu}M$), a L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, inhibited $I_{Ba}$ by $98{\pm}1.9$% (n=5), however $I_{Ba}$ was decreased in a reversible manner by application of SS. The peak $I_{Ba}$ at 0 mV were decreased to $95{\pm}1.5$, $92{\pm}1.9$, $82{\pm}4.0$, $66{\pm}5.8$, $10{\pm}2.9$% at $10^{-10}$, $10^{-9}$, $10^{-8}$, $10^{-7}$, $10^{-5}$ M of SS, respectively (n=3∼6; $mean{\pm}SEM$). The steady-state activation and inactivation curves of $I_{Ba}$ as a function of membrane potentials were well fitted by a Boltzmann equation. Voltage of half-activation ($V_{0.5}$) was $-12{\pm}0.5$ mV in control and $-11{\pm}1.9$ mV in SS treated groups (respectively, n=5). The same values of half-inactivation were $-35{\pm}1.4$ mV and $-35{\pm}1.9$ mV (respectively, n=5). There was no significant difference in activation and inactivation kinetics of $I_{Ba}$ by SS. Inhibitory effect of SS on $I_{Ba}$ was significantly reduced by either dialysis of intracellular solution with $GDP_{\beta}S$, a non-hydrolysable G protein inhibitor, or pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX). SS also decreased contraction of guinea-pig gastric antral smooth muscle. In conclusion, SS decreases voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel current ($VDCC_L$) via PTXsensitive signaling pathways in guinea-pig antral circular myocytes.
Tong Mook Kang,Wenxie Xu,Sung Joon Kim,Seung Cheol Ahn,Young Chul Kim,Insuk So,Myoung Kyu Park,Dae-Yong Uhm,Ki Whan Kim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 1999 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.3 No.2
<P> We explore the question of whether adenosine 5 -triphosphate (ATP) acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in guinea-pig gastric smooth muscle. In an organ bath system, isometric force of the circular smooth muscle of guinea-pig gastric antrum was measured in the presence of atropine and guanethidine. Under electrical field stimulation (EFS) at high frequencies (>20 Hz), NO-mediated relaxation during EFS was followed by a strong contraction after the cessation of EFS (a "rebound-contraction"). Exogenous ATP mimicked the rebound-contraction. A known P<SUB>2Y</SUB>-purinoceptor antagonist, reactive blue 2 (RB-2), blocked the rebound-contraction while selective desensitization of P<SUB>2X</SUB>-purinoceptor with α,β-MeATP did not affect it. ATP and 2-MeSATP induced smooth muscle contraction, which was effectively blocked by RB-2 and suramin, a nonselective P<SUB>2</SUB>-purinoceptor antagonist. Particularly, in the presence of RB-2, exogenous ATP and 2-MeSATP inhibited spontaneous phasic contractions, suggesting the existence of different populations of purinoceptors. Both the rebound-contraction and the agonist-induced contraction were not inhibited by indomethacin. The rank orders of agonists potency were 2-MeSATP > ATP ≥ UTP for contraction and α,β-MeATP ≥ β,γ-MeATP for inhibition of the phasic contraction, that accord with the commonly accepted rank order of the classical P<SUB>2Y</SUB>-purinoceptor subtypes. Electrical activities of smooth muscles were only slightly influenced by ATP and 2-MeSATP, whereas α,β-MeATP attenuated slow waves with membrane hyperpolarization. From the above results, it is suggested that ATP acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter, which mediates the rebound-contraction via P<SUB>2Y</SUB>-purinoceptor in guinea-pig gastric antrum.
Zhou, Ying,Kim, Ji Whan,Nandhakumar, Raju,Kim, Min Jung,Cho, Eunae,Kim, Youn Soo,Jang, Yoon Hee,Lee, Chongmok,Han, Seungwu,Kim, Kwan Mook,Kim, Jang-Joo,Yoon, Juyoung Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chemical communications Vol.46 No.35
<P>OLEDs employing <B>CMB1</B>, a novel binaphthyl-containing bi-nuclear boron complex, as the emitter exhibited bright yellow emission with a luminous efficiency of 2.1 cd A<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>OLEDs employing <B>CMB1</B>, a novel binaphthyl-containing bi-nuclear boron complex, as the emitter exhibited bright yellow emission with a luminous efficiency of 2.1 cd A<SUP>−1</SUP>. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cc01715a'> </P>
박양균,강성국,정순택,김동환,김선재,박재인,김창혁,임종환,김정목,Park, Yang-Kyun,Kang, Seong-Gook,Jung, Soon-Teck,Kim, Dong-Han,Kim, Seon-Jae,Pak, Jae-In,Kim, Chang-Hyeug,Rhim, Jong-Whan,Kim, Jung-Mook 한국해양바이오학회 2007 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.2 No.3
국내 해조류 자원의 이용성 증대를 위해서 해조류의 기능성, 유산균 생육 특성, 가공식품에의 이용, 생분해성 포장재의 소재, 그리고 부산물을 이용한 동물사료화 및 퇴비화 가능성의 연구 보문을 조사하였다. 기능성물질 연구에서는 유용색소 (Fucoxanthin)의 추출과 부위별 함량 및 분광학적인 특성이 있으며, 해조류로부터 alginate의 함량 조사와 최적추출조건 확립에 대한 연구를 수행하여 AASA (Acid alkali soluble alginate) 추출방법에서 3% $Na_2CO_3$ 농도와, $H_2SO_4$의 농도 0.4 N에서 가장 높은 수율을 얻었다. 톳으로부터 산알칼리 (AASA) 방법으로 추출한 알긴산에 인위적으로 sulfate를 흡착 Lactobacillus acidophilus를 접종한 후 배양하면서 유산균의 성장에 대한 영향을 살펴 본 결과 모든 농도에서 이들 배지에 S-alginate를 첨가한 것이 유산균의 성장을 증가시켰다. 미역귀 추출물로 잼을 제조하였고, 김, 미역, 다시마의 물 추출물로 물성이 우수하고 관능성적도 양호한 젤리를 제조하였다. 해조류 젤리를 상품화하는데 있어서 해조류가 갖는 해조취와 젤리색소의 안정화가 상품화의 요소로 대두되어 이를 개선할 방법도 제시되었다. 해조 간장과 된장 및 두부에서는 다당류나 무기질 등 영양적인 기능성과 관능적 기호성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 알긴산 필름의 물성 증진을 위하여 $CaCl_2$를 필름용액에 직접 첨가 또는 필름을 $CaCl_2$용액에 침지하는 두 가지 방법에서 수분 저항성이 강한 필름을 제조할 수 있었다. 미이용 해조분말이나 해조가공 부산물로 얻어지는 해조분말을 이용하여 새로운 생분해성 포장소재로 사용할 수 있는 가능성이 있다. 해조류의 영양성분 및 아미노산 함량을 분석한 결과 사료첨가제로서 충분한 가치가 있었으나 다량의 염분 함량으로 인하여 그 가치가 평가 절하되었다. 따라서 해조류의 사료적 가치를 증진시키기 위하여 발효처리를 하였으며, 그 결과 기능성 영양소 (불포화 지방산)가 증가되는 효과가 있었다. There are produced more than 600,000 tons of seaweeds every year along the coast of the Korea. Jeonnam province, south-west coast area, of Korea is producing 93% of total amounts of seaweeds. The laver, sea mustard, and tangleweed maintain stability in the output and has been exported as a simple product processing through drying or salting. It was evaluated the low value-added products and limited the expansion for the consumption of seaweeds. The seaweeds contains 40-60% carbohydrate and structurally different compared with land plant. The dietary fiber from seaweeds has been known the function of facilitating the bowl movement, excretion the heavy metal in the body, lowering the blood cholesterol level, anti-coagulant of blood, and anticancer. Especially, brown algae including sea mustard, seaweed fusiforme, and tangleweed contains alginic acid, laminarin, mannitol, fucoidan which are lowering the blood cholesterol level, lowering blood pressure, and fusion of blood clot. Agar-agar, carrageenan, and porphyran compound in red algae are known to antimutagenicity and anticoagulant function. In spite of potential of seaweed as a main bio-resource, there are lack of research to facilitate the consumption with its functional properties and consumers are unsatisfied with simple processing products. Also, the seaweed by-product dump into the sea and cause pollution of the seawater. Therefore, there are needed the scheme to promote the consumption of seaweeds. The development of value-added products, finding functional properties from seaweeds, development the functional feed for animal using seaweed by-products, and utilization of unused algae for food or other industrial uses will increase fisherman's income as well as serve as an aid for the people health due to its functional properties. Using by-product of seaweed and unexploited seaweed are needed to development of bio-degradable food packaging material and functional feed for animal.