Identification of candidate odorant‐degrading enzyme genes in the antennal transcriptome of Aphidius gifuensis

Kang Zhi‐Wei,Liu Fang‐Hua,Xu Yong‐Yu,Cheng Jia‐Hui,Lin Xiao‐Li,Jing Xiang‐Feng,Tian Hong‐Gang,Liu Tong‐Xian 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.1

Odorant‐degrading enzymes (ODEs) have been found in insect antennae and play a critical role in signal chemical degradation once the message is conveyed. Significant progress has been made in characterizing ODEs in a variety of pests but very little is known in their natural enemies. We have carried out an antennae‐ and sex‐specific transcriptome of Aphidius gifuensis, a natural enemy of aphid, to identify the candidate ODEs. Based on the antennae‐ and sex‐specific transcriptome, a total of 100 putative ODEs were identified including one aldehyde oxidase (AOX), four alcohol dehydrogenases (ADs), eight UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), 45 cytochrome P450 (P450s), nine glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) and 40 carboxylesterases (CCEs or CXEs). Additionally, we used RT‐qPCR to determine the expression profiles of these genes in tissues of both sexes. Based on the phylogenic analysis and tissue‐expression patterns, AgifEstE4, AgifCXE3, AgifCCE4, AgifCCE7, and AgifCCE18 were suggested as key ODEs in A. gifuensis. In addition, the female or male specifically enriched genes, such as AgifCCE17, AgifEstB1, AgifCYP18a1, AgifUGT2C2, were also considered to involve in the chemosensory processing in A. gifuensis. This study not only identified the candidate ODEs in A. gifuensis but also provided source for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of chemical signal transductions in A. gifuensis, as well as other hymenopteran species.

Information Fusion Filter for Multi-rate Multi-sensor Systems

Jing Ma,Hao Jin,Tian Tian,Wei Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.1

This paper is concerned with the information fusion filtering problem for a class of multi-rate multi-sensor systems, where the system is described at the highest sampling rate and different sensors may have different lower sampling rates. Firstly, the local filters (LFs) at state updating points are proposed by using the LFs at measurement sampling points. Then, the distributed suboptimal fusion filter is obtained by the well-known covariance intersection fusion (CIF) algorithm. The filtering error variance matrices are derived to obtain the fusion weights. The computational cost is reduced since the cross-covariance matrices between any two local filters are avoided. Simulation example verifies the correctness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

EFFECT OF HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATION ON PARTICULATE DEPOSITION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE DEPOSIT IN EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION COOLER

Wei Tian 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.3

The effect of hydrocarbon (HC) concentration on particulate deposition and the microstructure of the deposit in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler was investigated. The EGR cooler inlet gas temperature was 300 °C and the coolant temperature was 85 °C throughout the test, and the HC concentration was fixed at 200 ppm, 450 ppm, and 850 ppm respectively. The results indicated that there is a HC concentration region in which the effect of HC condensation on particle deposition in EGR cooler was enhanced. The HC concentration is not only affecting the particulate regeneration and deposition but also affecting the deposit microstructure. The deposit that built up under low HC concentration has two layers, of which the top layer is a thinner loose flocculent dendrite layer and the bottom layer is a thicker dense layer. The deposit in the EGR cooler that built up under high HC concentration conditions is mainly a dense layer, and with clusters of flocculent particles scattered on the surface of it. Due to the large amount of HC volatilized in the deposit layer, the structure of deposit in the EGR cooler that built up under extreme high HC concentration finally becomes coarser and the density decreases.

Dual Effect of Hepatic Macrophages on Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury during Liver Transplantation

Tian-Fei Lu,Tai-Hua Yang,Cheng-Peng Zhong,Chuan Shen,Wei-Wei Lin,Guang-Xiang Gu,Qiang Xia,Ning Xu 대한면역학회 2018 Immune Network Vol.18 No.3

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication in liver transplantation (LT) and it is closely related to the recovery of grafts' function. Researches has verified that both innate and adaptive immune system are involved in the development of IRI and Kupffer cell (KC), the resident macrophages in the liver, play a pivotal role both in triggering and sustaining the sterile inflammation. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released by the initial dead cell because of the ischemia insult, firstly activate the KC through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll-like receptors. Activated KCs is the dominant players in the IRI as it can secret various pro-inflammatory cytokines to exacerbate the injury and recruit other types of immune cells from the circulation. On the other hand, KCs can also serve in a contrary way to ameliorate IRI by upregulating the anti-inflammatory factors. Moreover, new standpoint has been put forward that KCs and macrophages from the circulation may function in different way to influence the inflammation. Managements towards KCs are expected to be the effective way to improve the IRI.

The Paradox of Bodyweight: Lean, but Not Obese, as a Predictor of Poor Prognosis after Surgical Resection for NAFLD-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Wei Zhang ),( Min-yu Li ),( Zi-qiang Li ),( Yong-kang Diao ),( Xing-kai Liu ),( Hong-wei Guo ),( Xiao-chang Wu ),( Hong Wang ),( Guo-yue Lv ),( Tian Yang ) 대한간학회 2024 춘·추계 학술대회 (The Liver Week) Vol.2024 No.1

A Discovery of Low Hydraulic Resistance Channel Along Meridians

Wei-Bo Zhang,Yu-Ying Tian,Hong Li,Jia-He Tian,Ming-Fu Luo,Fa-Liang Xu,Guang-Jun Wang,Tao Huang,Yi-Hui Xu,Rui-Hong Wang 사단법인약침학회 2008 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.1 No.1

A hydro-mechanic model was put forward to study the fundamental nature of acupuncture meridians. The basic state of low hydraulic resistance was tested on humans and mini pigs using three methods. The first, a modified Guyton’s method, proved that there was lower hydraulic resistance on meridians compared with nonmeridians. The second scanning method involved a single pressure transducer that can find the lowest resistance point in tissue, and the third method used two transducers and provided a more stable measurement. Using the latter method, low hydraulic resistance points were found very close to low impedance points along meridians. The transmission of artificial interstitial fluid pressure waves was measured to examine their connection to the low resistance points, with the result that a good connection between the points was confirmed. This means the points form channels along the meridians that we refer to as low hydraulic resistance channels. The channel was imaged through isotopic tracing and a migration of isotope 99mTe could be found along the channel. The layer of the channel was detected by injecting Alcian blue and the track was found beneath the skin. All of the above experiments suggest the existence of a new type of channel in living tissues that has not yet been described in modern science, but coincides quite well with the Qi channel theory of traditional Chinese medicine. A hydro-mechanic model was put forward to study the fundamental nature of acupuncture meridians. The basic state of low hydraulic resistance was tested on humans and mini pigs using three methods. The first, a modified Guyton’s method, proved that there was lower hydraulic resistance on meridians compared with nonmeridians. The second scanning method involved a single pressure transducer that can find the lowest resistance point in tissue, and the third method used two transducers and provided a more stable measurement. Using the latter method, low hydraulic resistance points were found very close to low impedance points along meridians. The transmission of artificial interstitial fluid pressure waves was measured to examine their connection to the low resistance points, with the result that a good connection between the points was confirmed. This means the points form channels along the meridians that we refer to as low hydraulic resistance channels. The channel was imaged through isotopic tracing and a migration of isotope 99mTe could be found along the channel. The layer of the channel was detected by injecting Alcian blue and the track was found beneath the skin. All of the above experiments suggest the existence of a new type of channel in living tissues that has not yet been described in modern science, but coincides quite well with the Qi channel theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

A Typhoon Recognition and Center Position Method based on Fengyun-2 Satellites Data

Wei Tian,Liguang Wu,Weican Zhou,Yuhui Zheng,Jin Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.7 No.6

The recognition and center position methods of typhoon with high accuracy are essential for forecasting and monitoring of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the meteorological applications. We designed the improved adaptive threshold processing algorithms and segmentation of typhoon cloud system by using two value image connecting region labeling algorithm. It shows potential ability in typhoon cloud feature and the recognition of typhoon cloud system in northern hemisphere. We also designed algorithms of locating typhoon center by mathematical morphology. Experimental results show that the typhoon cloud system can be effectively recognized on could imagery and the center of cloud imagery can also be located by the proposed method. Our analysis indicated that typhoon recognition and center position accuracy based on FY-2 satellites data were high recognition rate and accuracy of the center location, and the methods can be applied to meteorological business systems.

Retrospective Evaluation of Discrepancies between Radiological and Pathological Size of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Masses

Tian, Fei,Wu, Jian-Xiong,Rong, Wei-Qi,Wang, Li-Ming,Wu, Fan,Yu, Wei-Bo,An, Song-Lin,Liu, Fa-Qiang,Feng, Li,Liu, Yun-He Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.21

Background: The size of a hepatic neoplasm is critical for staging, prognosis and selection of appropriate treatment. Our study aimed to compare the radiological size of solid hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) masses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the pathological size in a Chinese population, and to elucidate discrepancies. Materials and Methods: A total of 178 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCC who underwent curative hepatic resection after enhanced MRI between July 2010 and October 2013 were retrospectively identified and analyzed. Pathological data of the whole removed tumors wereassessed and differences between radiological and pathological tumor size were identified. All patients were restaged using a modified Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system postoperatively according to the maximum diameter alteration. The lesions were classified as hypo-staged, iso-staged or hyper-staged for qualitative assessment. In the quantitative analysis, the relative pre and postoperative tumor size contrast ratio ($%{\Delta}size$) was also computed according to size intervals. In addition, the relationship between radiological and pathological tumor diameter variation and histologic grade was analyzed. Results: Pathological examination showed 85 (47.8%) patients were overestimated, 82 (46.1%) patients underestimated, while accurate measurement by MRI was found in 11 (6.2%) patients. Among the total subjects, 14 (7.9%) patients were hypo-staged and 15 (8.4%) were hyper-staged post-operatively. Accuracy of MRI for calculation and characterized staging was related to the lesion size, ranging from 83.1% to 87.4% (<2cm to ${\geq}5cm$, p=0.328) and from 62.5% to 89.1% (cT1 to cT4, p=0.006), respectively. Overall, MRI misjudged pathological size by 6.0 mm (p=0.588 ), and the greatest difference was observed in tumors <2cm (3.6 mm, $%{\Delta}size=16.9%$, p=0.028). No statistically significant difference was observed for moderately differentiated HCC (5.5mm, p=0.781). However, for well differentiated and poorly differentiated cases, radiographic tumor maximum diameter was significantly larger than the pathological maximum diameter by 3.15 mm and underestimated by 4.51 mm, respectively (p=0.034 and 0.020). Conclusions: A preoperative HCC tumor size measurement using MRI can provide relatively acceptable accuracy but may give rise to discrepancy in tumors in a certain size range or histologic grade. In pathological well differentiated subjects, the pathological tumor size was significantly overestimated, but underestimated in poorly differentiated HCC. The difference between radiological and pathological tumor size was greatest for tumors <2 cm. For some HCC patients, the size difference may have implications for the decision of resection, transplantation, ablation, or arterially directed therapy, and should be considered in staging or selecting the appropriate treatment tactics.

Effects of face-sheet materials on the flexural behavior of aluminum foam sandwich

Wei Xiao,Chang Yan,Weibo Tian,Weiping Tian,Xuding Song 국제구조공학회 2018 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.29 No.3

Properties of AFS vary with the changes in the face-sheet materials. Hence, the performance of AFS can be optimized by selecting face-sheet materials. In this work, three types of face-sheet materials representing elastic-perfectly plastic, elastic-plastic strain hardening and purely elastic materials were employed to study their effects on the flexural behavior and failure mechanism of AFS systematically. Result showed face-sheet materials affected the failure mechanism and energy absorption ability of AFS significantly. When the foam cores were sandwiched by aluminum alloy 6061, the AFS failed by facesheet yielding and crack without collapse of the foam core, there was no clear plastic platform in the Load-Displacement curve. When the foam cores were sandwiched by stainless steel 304 and carbon fiber fabric, there were no face-sheet crack and the sandwich structure failed by core shear and collapse, plastic platform appeared. Energy absorption abilities of steel and carbon fiber reinforced AFS were much higher than aluminum alloy reinforced one. Carbon fiber was suggested as the best choice for AFS for its light weight and high performance. The versus strength ratio of face sheet to core was suggested to be a significant value for AFS structure design which may determine the failure mechanism of a certain AFS structure.

Protective Effect of Ultra Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Glutamate-Induced Apoptosis in Cortical Cells

Tian-Gui Yu,Qing-Zhu Zhang,Zhi-Guo Zhang,Wei-Wei Wang,Sheng-Li Ji,Guan-Hua Du 연세대학교의과대학 2008 Yonsei medical journal Vol.49 No.3

Purpose: To investigate the effect of ultra low molecular weight heparin (ULMWH) on glutamate induced apoptosis in rat cortical cells and to explore the possible mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was first analyzed with Hoechst 33258 and then confirmed by DNA fragmentation. The concentration of free intracellular calcium ([Ca²+]i) was determined with fura-2/AM fluorometry. The expression of Bcl-2 family protein and caspase-3 were evaluated with Western blot. Results: Typical apoptotic morphological change in rat cortical cells treated with 100μmol/L glutamate for 24h was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining, which was then confirmed by the DNA ladder of agarose gel electrophoresis. The apoptotic rate of the glutamate treated cells was up to 33.21%, and 24 h of treatment with glutamate increased [Ca²+]i, down-regulated Bcl-2 expression, up-regulated Bax expression, and increased caspase-3 activation in rat cortical cells. Our research demonstrated that ULMWH pretreatment can prevent the glutamate- induced apoptosis, attenuate the increase of [Ca²+]i not only in medium containing Ca²+ but also in Ca²+-free medium, up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, down-regulate the expression of Bax, and decrease caspase-3 activation. Conclusion: ULMWH has neuroprotective capacity to antagonize glutamate-induced apoptosis in cortical cells, through decrease of Ca²+ release and modulation of apoptotic processes.