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Legal Implications of U.S. CVD on Tires and Undervalued Currency in the WTO's SCM
Thi Thanh Tuyen Nguyen,주선,최창환 한국무역학회 2023 Journal of Korea trade Vol.27 No.5
Purpose – This paper examines whether the imposition of countervailing duties by the United States on undervalued foreign currency is legally consistent with the WTO's SCM Agreement. Design/methodology – The study uses a methodology that involves analyzing relevant WTO agree- ments, prior panel reports, Appellate Body decisions, and other legal documents. Findings – The findings suggest that to impose countervailing duties, certain legal requirements must be met, including financial contribution, benefit, and specificity. The paper also notes that when calculating the benefits of undervalued foreign currency, losses from import activities due to currency undervaluation must be considered. Additionally, classifying all exports to the US under specific industries or business groups is likely to be inconsistent with the SCM Agreement. Originality/value – Even the US countervailing measures on exchange rate subsidies may not comply with WTO regulations due to incorrect calculation of benefits and a lack of specificity, however, it suggests that when intervening in the foreign exchange market, the measures should aim to achieve only minimum policy goals.
Han Thi Vo,Tien Duc Dao,Tuyen Van Duong,Tan Thanh Nguyen,Binh Nhu Do,Tinh Xuan Do,Khue Minh Pham,Vinh Hai Vu,Linh Van Pham,Lien Thi Hong Nguyen,Lan Thi Huong Le,Hoang Cong Nguyen,Nga Hoang Dang,Trung 질병관리청 2024 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.15 No.1
Objectives: The incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a “social vaccine” that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnam from December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (using the 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions.Results: Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD. Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.12; p<0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p=0.001). Compared to those with long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p=0.001).Conclusion: Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.
LE, Thai Thanh Dat,HO, Thi Thanh Ngan,LE, Nguyen Truc Quyen,HUYNH, Thi Khanh Tuyen,NGUYEN, Minh Tri,LUU, Thi Mai Anh,HOANG, Thi Phuong Thao,NGUYEN, Trong Luan Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6
The purpose of the study is to analyze the significant impacts of expectations, performance, complaints, and fairness that affect consumer satisfaction. The methodology involves reviewing and referencing relevant literature carefully, then proposing a model for customer satisfaction. This study is empirically based on a survey with 50 respondents who work in the field of import and export in the region stretching from the north to the south of Vietnam. The sampling method used in this study is the in-depth interview method. The results show that: (1) expectation has a specific impact on customer satisfaction, (2) performance has a positive impact on customer satisfaction, and (3) complaint which is an intermediary factor between expectation, performance, and fairness has an impact on satisfaction, (4) fairness has a positive effect on satisfaction, in addition, fairness is an extremely important feature when customers choose an import-export service. Research implies that increasing expectations, performance, and fairness results in an improved customer experience and satisfaction when they use the service. It is suggested that the complaint factor continue to be studied and looked into because it still has some effect on satisfaction and is an intermediate variable that changes how the other factors relate to each other.
Artocarpus nigrifolius: Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Constituents
Tran Minh Hoi,김영호,Ha Van Anh,Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong,Nguyen Van Tuyen,Le Thi Tu Anh,Nguyen Thanh Tra,Ba Thi Cham,Nguyen Thi Thu Ha,Pham Thuy Linh,Doan Duy Tien,Phan Van Kiem,Ninh Khac Ban,Lidziya Kukha 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6
Six known compounds including α-amyrin 3-acetate (1), β-sitosterol (2), betulinic acid (3), friedelan-3-one (4),artochamin B (5), and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (6) were isolated from the stem barks and leaves of Artocarpus nigrifolius (Moraceae) for the first time. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with literatures. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of 1-6 were evaluated. Results showed that artochamin B (5)possessed the highest cytotoxicity towards MCF7, Lu, HepG2,and KB cell lines with IC50 values of 4.59, 20.00, 3.60, and 1.18μg/mL, respectively. It also inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), whereas inactive on the growth of both Gram-negative bacteria and yeast.
Artocarpus nigrifolius: Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Constituents
Hoi, Tran Minh,Anh, Ha Van,Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh,Tuyen, Nguyen Van,Anh, Le Thi Tu,Tra, Nguyen Thanh,Cham, Ba Thi,Ha, Nguyen Thi Thu,Linh, Pham Thuy,Tien, Doan Duy,Kiem, Phan Van,Ban, Ninh Khac,Kukha The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6
Six known compounds including ${\alpha}$-amyrin 3-acetate (1), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (2), betulinic acid (3), friedelan-3-one (4), artochamin B (5), and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside (6) were isolated from the stem barks and leaves of Artocarpus nigrifolius (Moraceae) for the first time. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with literatures. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of 1-6 were evaluated. Results showed that artochamin B (5) possessed the highest cytotoxicity towards MCF7, Lu, HepG2, and KB cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 4.59, 20.00, 3.60, and $1.18{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. It also inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), whereas inactive on the growth of both Gram-negative bacteria and yeast.
Effects of pretreatment and air drying temperature on Noni fruit powder
Tuyen Chan Kha,Cong Thanh Nguyen,Luyen Thi Tran,Trung Tan Truong 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.12
The plant Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) has beenthe subject of several recent research due to its positiveimpact on the treatment and prevention of a variety ofdiseases. Noni fruits contain a variety of phytochemicals,including flavonoid, polyphenol, and triterpenoid saponin. This study aimed to determine the best pre-treatment (includingblanching, soaking in ascorbic acid solution andmetabisulfite solution) and air-drying temperature (50, 60,70, and 80 C) to maximize the total polyphenol content(TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and triterpenoid saponincontents (TSC) of the resultant Noni fruit powder. Theresults revealed that pre-soaked Noni fruit samples inascorbic acid or metabisulfite solution before air-drying at60 C were beneficial in preserving TPC, TFC, and TSC. TPC, TFC, and TSC losses increased as drying temperatures(70 and 80 C) rose. The optimum sample was held atfive different relative humidity conditions until theyattained weight equilibrium. The results indicated that thesorption isotherm curve of the Noni powder was the sigmoidshape and fitted with the BET and GAB models.
AI Comparative Analysis of Trade and Consumption Patterns in Korea and China
최창환,Thi Thanh Tuyen Nguyen,PengYan Wang 한국무역학회 2023 Journal of Korea trade Vol.27 No.1
Purpose – This research is to empirically explore the differences in apparel consumption among male and female teenagers and college students in Korea and China. By conducting a survey to understand customers' needs and behaviors, fashion businesses will be able to improve their customer satisfaction and avoid redundancy, inventory, and the waste of resources, effort and money. Design/methodology – The research design considers the consumption patterns of male and female high school and college students in Korea and China. To analyze the data, the study employs decision trees, a type of machine learning algorithm. A decision tree model was developed to examine the relationship between the explanatory and response variables, which can be either quantitative or qualitative in nature. Findings – The main findings of this study indicate that there are differences in shopping behavior among different customer segments. The results show that men have a simpler shopping behavior compared to women. Additionally, cultural factors and the difference in fashion needs between students and non-students have a significant impact on the shopping choices of Chinese and Korean individuals. Originality/value – Existing studies often assume that the shopping behavior of high school and university students is similar and that there are no significant differences in clothing purchases between men and women across countries. The results provide valuable insights into the unique shopping behavior of different customer segments, and can inform fashion businesses in their efforts to meet the needs of their customers.
Dynamic stability of cholesterol and desmosterol in human milk from four asian countries
김지은,My Tuyen Thi Nguyen,김용기,정지아,Dan Li,Mai Xuan Hong To,Huynh Khanh Trang Nguyen,Beenish Israr,Thanh Van Le,안현주,김재한 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.12
Cholesterol is one of the functional nutrients in human milk, which is indispensable for infant growth. In this study, the concentration of cholesterol and desmosterol in human milk from four Asian countries (n = 578), including Korea, China, Vietnam, and Pakistan, were investigated. The average cholesterol concentrations of Korea and China were similar ranging between 90.2–91.6 mg/L, but those from Vietnam and Pakistan were higher at 113.8 and 175.7 mg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were 31–36%, except for Pakistan (51%), showing a broad distribution of 48 to 612 mg/L. Desmosterol concentrations were similar, ranging between 11.2 and 12.8 mg/L except for Pakistan, which was lower than other countries at 9.4 mg/L. In addition, the cholesterol and desmosterol concentrations during the lactation periods were not significantly different in all four Asian countries. Mothers’ BMI did not significantly impact the cholesterol and desmosterol concentration in maternal milk within the same country.