뇌졸중환자의 식습관 및 식생활태도가 영양소 섭취량에 미치는 영향

김성미(SungMee Kim),정영미(YoungMee Jung) 한국식품영양과학회 2002 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

뇌졸중환자 43명을 대상으로 식습관, 식생활태도가 영양소 섭취량에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 식사시간에 대한 규칙성은 제시간에 식사하는 사람이 58.1%, 불규칙한 식사를 하는 사람이 41.9%이었다. 음식을 고를 때 중요하게 생각하는 요인은 간편하게 음식을 만들 수 있는 것이 34.9%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 한 번 식사량은 ‘가볍게 먹는다’는 사람이 13.9%, ‘많이 먹는다’는 사람이 51.2%이었고, ‘식사를 느리게 먹는다’는 사람이 20.9%, ‘빠르게 먹는다’는 사람이 34.9%이었고, 특히 여자들은 62.5%가 빨리 먹는다고 답하고 있었다. 흡연상태는 담배를 피우는 사람이 55.8%로 높은 비율을 보였고, 남녀 각각 74.1%, 25.0%로 나타났다. 식습관 점수는 대상자 전체 4.5, 남녀 각각 4.3, 4.8을 나타내어 여자의 식습관 점수가 높았으며, 해조류의 섭취가 여자가 남자보다 유의적으로 많이 섭취한 것을 제외하고 남녀간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 열량 섭취량은 대상자 전체 2228kcal, 남자 2441 kcal, 여자 1870 kcal로 남녀 각각 한국인 영양권장량의 107%, 104%를 섭취하였다. 단백질의 섭취량은 대상자 전체 119.1 g, 남녀 각각 130.9 g, 99.5 g으로 영양권장량의 전체 187%, 남자 192%, 여자 180%의 많은 양을 섭취하였다. 지방 섭취량은 대상자 전체 60.5 g, 남녀 각각 66.6g, 50.3 g을 섭취하였다. 한국영양학회에서 하루에 20~25g의 섭취를 권장하는 섬유질은 대상자 전체 9.6 g, 남자 10.4g, 여자 8.2 g으로 낮은 섭취량을 보였다. 이는 앞의 식습관 점수에서 황록색채소와 채소의 섭취빈도가 각각 1주에 4.7, 5.0이었고, 과일의 섭취는 더욱 낮은 3.9를 나타내어, 한국영양학회가 1일 채소 및 과일의 섭취를 6~7회 권장하는 것에 비해 낮은 섭취빈도에서도 섬유질의 섭취량이 적음이 설명될 수 있겠다. 칼슘, 철분, 비타민 A, 비타민 B₁ 등의 섭취는 권장량이상을 나타내었고, 비타민 C를 제외하고 남자의 섭취가 여자의 섭취보다 높게 나타났다. 단백질, 인, 나이아신 등은 영양소 적정 섭취비가 1.00을 나타내었고 그외 나머지 영양소도 0.93이상의 높은 값을 보였다. 또한 평균 적정 섭취비(MAR)의 경우, 남녀 각각 0.99와 0.96의 높은 값을 나타내었다. 대상자의 영양의 질적지수(INQ)는 여자의 칼슘 섭취량을 제외하고 나머지 8가지 영양소에서 1을 넘어섰다. 맛선호도에 따른 영양소 섭취량을 분석한 바, 단맛을 좋아하는 사람이 싫어하는 사람보다 열량과 당질섭취량은 유의 적으로 적게, 지방 섭취량은 유의적으로 높았다. 짠맛을 좋아하는 사람은 나트륨 섭취량이 7890 mg으로 짠맛을 싫어하는 사람 5579 mg보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 많은 양을 섭취하였다. 식사패턴에 따른 영양소 섭취량에서 2회 식사하는 대상자가 열량, 단백질, 당질, 칼슘, 철분, 비타민 A, 비타민 C 및콜레스테롤의 섭취량이 유의적으로 많았다. 하루에 2번, 3번 및 4번 식사를 비교할 때 3번의 식사회수일 때 섬유질과 비타민 C를 제외하고 가장 섭취량이 낮았다. 본인 스스로 식사량이 많다는 사람과 적다는 사람의 영양소 섭취량을 분석할 때, 식사량이 많다는 사람이 적다는 사람보다 열량, 단백질, 지방, 당질, 칼슘, 철분, 비타민 B₁, 비타민 B₂ 등의 영양소 섭취량이 유의적으로 많았다. 식사속도가 빠르다고 스스로 평가한 사람이 속도가 느리다고 평가한 사람보다 열량, 단백질, 당질, 칼슘, 철분, 비타민 B₁, 및 비타민 B₂등의 영양소 섭취량이 유의적으로 많아, 식사속도가 빠른 사람이 영양소 섭취량이 많음을 나타내었다. 식사회수, 본인이 평가한 식사량과 식사속도 등이 체중과 영양소 섭취량에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 알아보기 위하여 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 이들 독립변수들이 체중의 약 23.1%를 설명할 수 있었다. 체중에 영향을 미치는 순위는 식사속도, 식사회수 및 식사량의 순으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 식사속도가 빠르고, 식사회수가 적으며, 식사량이 스스로 많다고 생각할 때 체중은 높다고 볼 수 있다(p<0.05). 위의 독립변수들이 열량 섭취량에 미치는 순위는 식사속도, 식사량 및 식사회수의 순으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 또한 이들 독립변수들이 단백질 섭취량에 영향을 미치는 순위는 식사속도, 식사회수 및 식사량의 순으로 나타났으며, 단백질 섭취량의 28.6%를 설명할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 식사속도가 빠르고, 식사회수가 적을수록 그리고 식사량이 많을수록 단백질의 섭취량은 높다고 할 수 있다(p<0.01). 이들 독립변수들이 칼슘에 미치는 영향은 칼슘 섭취량의 24.5%를 설명할 수 있었다. 영향을 미치는 순위는 식사량, 식사속도, 식사회수 순으로 나타났으며 결과적으로 식사량이 많다고 생각하며, 식사속도가 빠르고 식사회수가 적을 때 칼슘의 섭취량은 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 본 결과에서 식사회수가 적을 때 체중과 모든 영양소의 섭취량이 높았으며, 식사량이 스스로 많다고 생각할 때 역시 체중이 높았고, 열량, 단백질, 칼슘, 철분 및 비타민 B₁등의 섭취량이 많았다. 또한 식사속도는 독립변수들 중에서 체중과 열량, 단백질, 칼슘, 철분 및 비타민 B₁등의 섭취량에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 본 대상자들은 한국인 영양권장량 이상을 섭취하고 있음에 미루어, 식사를 천천히, 과식되지 않도록 하며, 그리고 규칙적인 3회의 식사가 바람직하다고 볼 수 있겠다. 뇌졸중인 본 대상자들은 섬유소를 제외한 모든 영양소의 섭취가 권장량을 초과하여 섭취하고 있으며, 영양소 적정섭취비가 또한 높아, 대상자 대부분이 권장량이상의 높은 섭취를 하고 있다는 것을 설명하고 있다. 이는 뇌졸중 환자가 가진 음식섭취의 특징으로 볼 수 있지 않을 까 한다. 즉 중풍환자는 섭취하는 음식량이 많다는 일반적 검증되지 않은 속신(俗信)으로 설명될 수 있지 않을까 생각하지만, 앞으로 보다 계획된 연구를 통하여 규명되어야 할 것으로 본다. 그리하여 앞으로는 일반적, 획일적인 영양교육이 아닌 환자들의 식습관, 식생활태도 및 식이 패턴 등의 분석을 통하여 환자 개인에게 적합한 개별적 영양교육이 필요하다고 제언한다. This paper, in which whose subjects were 43 cerebrovascular accident patients analyzed the effects of food habits and attitudes on the nutrient intake. In respect to energy intake, the subjects took 106% of RDA. The protein intake was on the average of 119.1 g, which was 187% of RDA. The fat intake by the subjects on the whole was 60.5 g. The fiber intake of the subjects was 9.6 g. Those who like sweets took in significantly less energy and carbohydrate and more fat than those who didn’t like sweets. Those who liked salty food took in 7890 mg of sodium while those who didn't like salty food took in 5579 mg of sodium. The former took in significantly more sodium than the latter (p<0.05). The examination of the amount of nutrient intake in terms of meal pattern, showed that those who had two meals a day were significantly higher in the level of weight and BMI was significantly higher (p<0.05) and the level of energy, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C and cholesterol was significantly higher. Those who thought they had heavy meals took significantly more energy, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin C than those who thought they had light meals. Rapid eaters took more nutrients than slow eaters. The multiple regression analysis has shown that the effect of the independent variables on the energy intake are in the order of eating speed, eating volume and eating frequency. They can explain 24.6% of the energy intake. As a result, the faster is eating speed, the heavier is eating volume, and the lower is eating frequency, the higher is the energy intake (p<0.01).

High-performance hydrogen sensing properties and sensing mechanism in Pd-coated <i>p-</i>type Si nanowire arrays

Baek, Jisun,Jang, Byungjin,Kim, Min Hyung,Kim, Wonkung,Kim, Jeongmin,Rim, Hyun Jun,Shin, Sera,Lee, Taeyoon,Cho, Sungmee,Lee, Wooyoung Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.256 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report on the H<SUB>2</SUB> sensing performance and sensing mechanism in Pd-coated <I>n-</I> and <I>p-</I>type Si nanowire (NW) arrays, which were fabricated by an aqueous electroless etching method and sputtering. We found that the resistance of the Pd-coated <I>n</I>-type Si NWs decreased from the base resistance, whereas that of the <I>p-</I>type Si NW arrays increased, upon exposure to H<SUB>2</SUB>. The sensitivity (<I>S</I> =1700% at 1% H<SUB>2</SUB>) of Pd-coated <I>p-</I>type NW arrays was much greater than that of the <I>n-</I>type NW arrays (<I>S</I> =75%). Furthermore, we found that the dependency of the change in carrier density on H<SUB>2</SUB> concentration was significantly greater in <I>p</I>-type Si NW arrays, while it was negligible in the <I>n-</I>type NW arrays. A Schottky barrier was formed between the Pd and <I>n-</I>Si (ϕ<SUB>M</SUB> >ϕ<SUB>SC</SUB>) before exposure to H<SUB>2</SUB>, which changed to an Ohmic contact (ϕ<SUB>M</SUB> <ϕ<SUB>SC</SUB>) after H<SUB>2</SUB> exposure. In contrast, an Ohmic contact was formed between the Pd and <I>p-</I>Si (ϕ<SUB>M</SUB> >ϕ<SUB>SC</SUB>) before exposure to H<SUB>2</SUB>, which, after exposure, changed to a Schottky barrier (ϕ<SUB>M</SUB> <ϕ<SUB>SC</SUB>). Therefore, the <I>p-</I>type Si NW arrays were much more sensitive to H<SUB>2</SUB> than the <I>n-</I>type Si NW arrays.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The H<SUB>2</SUB> sensing performance and sensing mechanism in Pd-coated <I>n-</I> and <I>p-</I>type Si NW arrays was demonstrated. </LI> <LI> The resistance of the Pd-coated <I>n</I>-type Si NWs decreased from the base resistance, whereas that of the <I>p-</I>type Si NW arrays increased, upon exposure to H<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> The sensitivity (<I>S</I> =1700% at 1% H<SUB>2</SUB>) of Pd-coated <I>p-</I>type NW arrays was much greater than that of the <I>n-</I>type NW arrays (<I>S</I> =75%). </LI> <LI> The dependency of the change in carrier density on H<SUB>2</SUB> concentration was significantly greater in <I>p</I>-type Si NW arrays, while it was negligible in the <I>n-</I>type NW arrays. </LI> </UL> </P>

Kinetic control of nanocrack formation in a palladium thin film on an elastomeric substrate for hydrogen gas sensing in air

Kim, Sungyeon,Jang, Byungjin,Park, Jongbin,Lee, Young-Kook,Lee, Hyun-Sook,Cho, Sungmee,Lee, Wooyoung Elsevier 2016 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.230 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the effects of various tensile velocities on the nanocrack formation in a Pd thin film on an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane substrate and its H<SUB>2</SUB> sensing properties. A tunable nanocrack along the <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> axes was created by mechanical stretching/compression cycles with varying tensile velocities. From the microstructural analyses, we found that the tensile velocity has a significant effect on the crack density but little effect on the average crack width. The Pd nanogap sensor prepared under a high tensile velocity showed a high performance with a low detection limit of 500ppm of H<SUB>2</SUB> in air. Our results indicate that the higher crack density with the narrow nanocrack width (55–100nm) propagated over the entire film provides the enhanced H<SUB>2</SUB> sensing properties in air.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The effects of various tensile velocities on nanocrack formation were studied. </LI> <LI> A tunable nanocrack was created by mechanical stretching/compression cycles. </LI> <LI> The tensile velocity was found to have a significant effect on the crack density. </LI> <LI> A low detection limit of 500ppm of H<SUB>2</SUB> in air was demonstrated. </LI> <LI> Narrow nanocracks (w: 55–100nm) and high crack density provides enhanced sensing properties in air. </LI> </UL> </P>

혼례음식의 바람직한 실천방안에 관한 연구

김성미 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 科學論集 Vol.26 No.-

This study intends to find out the ideal foods for the wedding ceremony which are rooted in the tradition and simultaneously keeping with the times. For one thing each individual, who lives in the modem times, should try both to follow the tradition and to make foods acceptable in reality. Desirable and sound practices of preparing foods for the wedding do not consist in proposing and following a model of ideal floods but in making foods characteristic and elaborate according to each family' ways. To be more specific, Bongchae-Tuck should be inherited with its traditional meaning and foods for Pyebaek are good enough when a nine section dish(containing Yakpo, Chilbopyunpo, chestnuts jujubes and so on), chestnuts, jujubes. wheat-gluten and chicken are prepared. Foods offered to the bride's family should be chosen from such foods as Tuck, Jeon, Juck, fruits, Korean cookies and so on. It is important to prepare foods in the right amount, not too much and in an elaborate way. At the party held in celebration of the wedding the right amount of food should elaborately prepared so that the guests can have a good time enjoying the foods and congratulating the newly-wedding couple in a pleasant place and in a leisurely manner, which can contribute to the restoration of the traditional meanings of the wedding festival, Janchi.

혈액투석중인 당뇨와 비당뇨 만성신부전환자의 영양상태에 관한 연구

이영순,김성미 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 科學論集 Vol.26 No.-

This study investigated the nutritional status of 33 hemodialysis patients. They were divided diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Their weight, heigh, triceps and mid arm circumference were measured and their dietary intake and the blood profiles were evaluated. Diabetic group was 60.5±8.6 and nondiabetic group was 55.6± 14.3 years old. Hemodialysis duration was 20.6 months and 16.4 months, respectively. Their intake of energy was 1444.5kcal in diabetic group and 1302.2kcal in nondiabetic group. And protein intakes of the diabetic and nondiabetic group were 66.4g/day, 51.6g/day, respectively, and were significantly different (p<0.05). In case of saturated fatty acid intake, diabetic group was significantly higher than nondiabetic group (p<0.05). The subjects were divided into two groups according to the energy intake per IBW. The group intaking less than 20kcal/IBW kg showed that the serum cholesterol level was significantly higher than that of the group intaking more than 27kcal/IBW kg(p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol of the group intaking more than 27kcal/IBW was slightly higher than that of the group intaking less than 20kcal/IBW.

뇌졸중 환자의 사상체질별 영양소 섭취상태에 관한 연구

정영미,김성미 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2002 科學論集 Vol.28 No.-

An investigation of 43 patients who were being treated for their cerebrovascular accidents was conducted to find out the conditions of the nutrient intakes in terms of their constitutions. Males were 62.8% and females were 37.2%. The age group of 65-74 years was the greatest and occupied 32.6%. Those who had the family history of apoplexy took up 72.1% and the distribution of Sasang Constitutions showed that Taeeumin(one of Sasang Constitutions) occupied 62.8%, Soeumin(one of Sasang constitutions) occupied 32.6%, and Soyangin(one of Sasang constitutions) occupied 9.3%. The pathological causes of apoplexy of both males and females showed that cerebral infraction took up 51.2%, cerebral hemorrhage took up 44.2%, and arachnoidal hemorrhage took up 47%. The nutrient intakes in terms of the pathological causes showed that those of the patients suffering from cerebral hemorrhage were the greatest. That is, their intakes of calories, protein, fat, sugar, calcium, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, and Vitamin C were higher than the other two pathological causes, but there were no significant differences. The calories taken at home and in hospital were 2,228 kcal and 2,224 kcal and showed similar intakes. The protein taken at home and in hospital showed 119.2g and 108.0g and the patients consumed significantly more protein at home(p<0.001). In terms of animal protein, the intakes at home and in hospital were 69.7g and 58.9g, and the patients consumed significantly more animal protein (p<0.001). In terms of natrium, the patients consumed 7821mg at home and 7184mg in hospital and so the intakes at home were significantly greater (p<0.01), and the cholesterol consumed at home and in hospital was 493.6mg and 393.8mg and the intake at home was significantly greater (p<0.05). The nutrients consumed more in hospital than at home were fibrin, vegetable iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 and so on. the intakes of fibrin at home and in hospital were 9.65 and 10.8g(p<0.01). Vitamin A consumed at home was 1544R.E. and 1896R.E. was consumed in hospital. It was significantly more consumed in hospital(p<0.01). At home, there were no significant differences in the intakes of nutrients in terms of the Sasang constitutions. In hospital, Soyangin(one of Sasang constitutions) shoed the tendency to consume the greatest nutrients. That is, the intakes of protein, animal protein, vegetable albumin, vegetable fat, phosphorus, iron, animal iron, vitamin C, and cholesterol were significantly great. The higher group of BMI consumed more nutrients that the lower group except Vitamin A. Weight and BMI showed the positive relation among the intakes of nutrients, and, in the case of the patients of apoplexy, it was found that weight and BMI increased in proportion to the increase of nutrient intakes.

한국어 성취도 평가 문항 개발 연구 : 연세대학교 한국어학당의 사례를 중심으로 Exemplified through the Korean Language Institute(KLI) at Yonsei University

이희경,강승혜,김미옥,김제열,정희정,한상미,황인교 연세대학교 한국어학당 2002 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.27 No.-

Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language, 27, 341∼416. The needs of Korean language education as a means to facilitate the increasing usage of Korean as a foreign language(especially since the 2002 World Cup) has been growing more now than ever before. Further, due to this surge of interest in the language, now is the time to reflect on the many important aspects of Korean language education, specifically in regard to the curriculum as it now stands. One major aspect of consideration focuses on the matter of evaluating what has been taught; in other words, how effective is the outcome of the teaching and learning process. Judging from prior research and evaluation on Korean language education, few Korean achievement tests have been developed thus far. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a new Korean achievement test model through analyzing not only the objectives of Korean education, as prescribed by the Yonsei Korean language textbook, but also via the results of questionnaires in order to investigate the needs and inefficiencies of the currently available Korean achievement tests established by Korean teachers. (Yonsei University)

A study of Disaster Survivors in Korea

MinSoo Lee,RheeHun Kang,ByungJoo Ham,YunKyeung Choi,ChangSu Han,HeonJeong Lee,SeungHwan Lee,SungMee Kim,HongSeock Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2004 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.1 No.1

Objectives-The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical manifestation of psychiatric symptoms and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles, and to examine the factors affecting the Degree of symptom severity, among survivors of a man-made disaster in Korea. Methods-Survivors of the Sampoong Department Store collapse were evaluated in October 1995, 5 months after the disaster occurred. Among the original 681 subjects, 624 were evaluated using the Psychiatric Evaluation Form, and the MMPI. Results-The primary complaint was sleep disturbance (54.2%), which was followed by headaches (31.8%) and intense distress over reminders of the event (24.2%). Most subjects (90.4%) showed a variety of psychiatric symptoms with certain factors further affecting the degree of severity. Another result showed that the severity of the subjects symptoms increased as their age increased and their educational level decreased. Divorced and widowed survivors had more severe symptoms, as did those who had experienced a loss of consciousness or who had waited a long time to be rescued. In the MMPI, the mean Welsh code profile configuration was 13726-0894/5: F-KL: and the most common two- and three- point code types were 1-3/3-1 (15.4%) and 1-3-7/1-7-3 (8.4%), respectively. Conclusions-The results indicate that it is possible to identify the specific psychiatric symptoms that resulted from this disaster, and that a substantial segment of the adult population exposed to similar events may experience symptoms of post traumatic stress. The psychiatric symptoms and the factors affecting the severity of the symptoms identified in this study may prove useful in the future screening of disaster victims for appropriate evaluation and treatment.