적절한 영어 사용을 위한 담화 규칙 : 칭찬을 중심으로

박상옥 弘益大學校 人文科學硏究所 1994 人文科學 Vol.2 No.-

Abstract Stressino the importane of using contextually appropriate language in intercultural connunicjation, the paper presents some essential rules of Korean and English in compliment. It then makes some proposals based on Some of the important findings are as follows: 1. There are limited number of lexical items and syntactic syntactic structures which are used in complimenting among Americans. 2. Compliments are more direct and much more widely used in English. 3. Topics in compliments are very similar in Korean and English. 4. Targets of compliments are usually on practicality and economy in Americans, wnile they are rather on expensivenss and uniqueness in design. 5. Koreans tend to make negative or ambiguous responses to copliments, while Americans oftem in wide contexts, and to accept any copliments from Americans by saying "Thank you."or "Thanks." It is also suggested that they take care not to ask the price of complimenting objects. The writer emphasizes the on-going research on rules of speaking in various language functions of Korean and English.

한국과 일본의 실과 및 기술ㆍ가정과교육의 역사적 변천 비교

박순자,신상옥 한국 가정과 교육 학회 2000 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.12 No.3

This dissertation is a comparative study on Practical Arts (Home Economics) Education and Technology-Home Economics Education of Korea and Japan. 1 established two research objectives to conduct the research : To understand the differences in historical changes in Practical Arts Education and Technology-Home Economics of the two countries. : And to grope for the new direction of Home Economics Education. Research findings are as follows : Japan was also ahead of Korea for about two decades in terms of putting Home Economics Education in practice at elementary schools. Practical Arts Education started to emerge in elementary school system in 1955, which had been originated in vocational education before the fear 1945 in Korea. However, from the 3th curriculum Practical Arts Education Curriculum put emphasis on home lives. Regarding the characteristics of education from the perspectives of historical changes at Korean junior-high schools after the year 1945. Home Economics Education had been regarded as "female subject" until the 1980s and was integrated into regular curricula for co-education in the middle of the 1990s. when the 6th Curriculum was activated. Technology-Home Economics started to emerge in Japan in 1962, while the subject Home Economics Education was integrated into curricula for males in high school as well in 1989. In the Korean 7th Curriculum, the combined subject Technology-Home Economics is divided into three categories. A remarkable difference from Japanese Technology-Home Economics is that Korean curriculum has no division between required and elective In conclusion, I observe that both Korean and Japanese curricula for Home Economics Education were originated in Confucianism. However. unlike Korean situation. current Japanese Home Economics Education takes a significant part as a continuing and required subject for both primary and secondary co-education.

정부 및 지자체의 귀농·귀촌을 위한 주거환경 지원정책의 유형 분석 - ‘2012 귀농·귀촌 페스티발’의 지자체 자료를 중심으로 -

박경옥, 이상운 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2012 생활과학연구논총 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to suggest direction of government policy to support residential environment. For the purpose, the policies of central and local governments and materials issued for the introduction of policies to persons with plans to return to farm were collected and analyzed in order to explore focal policies. This study utilized content analysis method. In the first step, information on support policies for the return farm planners were collected from Internet. In this step, the residential environment support policies were categorized into two types; village support type and household support type. The village support was classified into central government support and local government support. Types and their characteristics of the policies were analyzed. In the second step, the materials disseminated at the ‘Return-Farm Festival, 2012’, held in Seoul between May 4 and 6, 2012, were analyzed. In the festival, 9 provincial governments and 39 local governments participated. Findings are as follows: (1) Governments were more active to introduce their policy online than offline such as participation in the festival; (2) The materials disseminated at the festival had more information on the household support policies than the village support policies. Local governments, however, emphasized their village support policies. The household support policies were mainly focused on repair support and purchase loan.

유산소와 근저항 복합트레이닝이 신체조성과 최대산소섭취량 및 혈액에 미치는 영향

박상묵,박은하,양정옥 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to invest gate the effect of 8-week aerobic and muscle resistance combined training on body composition, VO₂max and blood in the general university students. Subjects who were 14 freshmen belonging to college, pusan separated exercise-group of 7 persons and control-group of 7 person. In training method, running (aerobic exercise) was performed with 70% exercise -intensity of VO2max(40min/lbout), muscle resistance exercise for 8-week was performed with 60~70% of 1RM (10~15 bouts, 3set, 5time/lweek). The effects were shown below: 1. Body weight was decreased by 1.9kg(2.5%), Body fat rate was decreased by 17.1%, Fat volume was decreased by 2.37kg, respectively. LBM was significantly increased by 3.05kg. 2. V02inax was increased by 0.14ℓ/min but there was no significant change. VO₂max /kg was significantly increased by 3.88ℓ/kg/min. 3. Total-cholesterol was significantly increased by 11.63mg/㎗, TG was decreased by 13.00mg/㎗, LDL-C was increased by 9.34mg/㎗, HDL-C was increased by 4.89mg/㎗ but there was no significant change. 4. After 8-week, in exercise-group, Apolipoprotein A-I was increased by 5.37mg/di, Apolipoprotein B was decreased by 2.87mg/㎗, Atherogenic index was from 2.19+0.81 to 2.19+, so there were no significant changes. As the results of this study, in the general university students, Middle or moderate intensity aerobic and muscle resistance combined training program improves body composition, cardiorespiratory function and lipid metabolism, prevents arteriosclerosis disease.

1983學年度 新入生 實態調査 結果分析

朴錫潤,韓相玉,尹禮鉉 충남대학교 1984 學生生活硏究 Vol.11 No.-

농촌지역 폐교의 노인복지시설 및 주민 커뮤니티센터 활용에 관한 연구 : 거주자의 생활패턴과 지역시설 이용실태를 중심으로 Life Pattern and Use of Facilities of Rural Residents

박경옥,조현주,이상운 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.1

Closed schools in rural areas are hardly used for the residents. The purpose of this study is to suggest the possibility to use these facilities for elderly welfare spaces or community centers of residents. For this purpose this article studied life pattern and use of facilities of rural residents. Interviews on the use of leisure time, additional jobs other than agriculture and the use of facilities were conducted on 91 residents living in the educational area of 2 preliminary schools which were just closed. The 2 schools-Seongdae branch school of Baekgok preliminary school and Ohsang branch school of Gujeong preliminary school- are located in Jincheon-gun, Chuncheongbuk-do. Rural residents have relatively much spare time more than 6 hours a day, but their leisure activities are very restrictive in diversity. Economic burden, lack of time in their agricultural period and inconvenient traffic ask closed schools near and familiar to the residents to be converted to the compound community center with diverse functions and leisure programs. It would improve the life quality of agricultural residents and lessen their economic burden.

전자렌지 조립작업자에서 발생한 경견완증후군의 조사 연구(Ⅱ) : 진찰 및 검사소견을 중심으로 A Review on the Findings of the Examinations

박종,김양옥,류소연,하상호,박병권 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

경견완증후군 소견자가 발생한 모 전자렌지 조립 작업장의 작업자 313명 중 설문조사에서 경견완 부위에 증상을 호소하는 137명(43.8%)에 대하여 건강진단을 실시하여 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 건강진단의 주요 소견 양성율은 자발통이 94.9%, 운동통이 62.0%, 근압통이 78.1%, X-선 촬영이상 54.7%, Morley검사 28.5%등이었다. 2. 남자에서 목부위의 근압통의 정도는 좌·우 악력과 음의 상관을 보였으며, 팔꿈치 부위의 근압통은 잔업량이 많을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 여자에서는 목부위의 근압통의 정도는 좌·우 악력과 음의 상관을, 잔업량과는 양의 상관을 보였으며, 신장이 적을수록 손목부위의 압통을 심하게 호소하였다(p<0.05). 3. 근경결은 여성에서, 근무기간이 증가할수록 유의하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다.(p<0.01). 4. 건강진단 결과와 자각증상과의 연관성을 분석한 결과 X-선 촬영 이상여부는 목과 어깨의 통증, 다리의 피곤감과 관련이 있었다. 근경결 여부는 손, 손목, 손가락의 저림 증상과 유의한 관련이 있었고, Morley 검사는 손목과 손의 불편감, 등의 불편감이나 통증 등의 증상과 유의한 관련이 있었다. 목 부위의 근압통은 목과 어깨의 통증 그리고 손목, 손, 손가락의 저림 등과 유의한 관련이 있었으며 어깨 부위의 근압통은 목과 어깨의 통증, 전신 피로 증상과 유의한 관련이 있었다.(p<0.05). 5. 근압통이 있는 군에서 없는 군에 비해 일상 생활 도중에 겪는 고통 중 상지 부위의 고통 호소수가 유의하게 많았으며(p<0.05), 근전도 검사에서 양성인 경우 음성에 비해 신경정신계통에 나타나는 고통 호소수가 유의하게 많았다.(p<0.05). 결론적으로 경견완장해의 등급과 병형 진단에 있어서 자각증상과 건강진단 결과와는 밀접한 연관성이 있었으며, 근경결, 근압통, X-선 촬영 그리고 Morley 검사 등이 유용할 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 자각증상의 주관적인 요소를 가능한 한 배제할 수 있도록 자각증상을 객관화하는 노력과 방법들의 개발이 필요할 것으로 생각한다. To find the severity and the type of the cervicobrachial syndrome, through physical examinations and laboratory tests were made toward 137 patients complaining the cervicobrachial syndrome(CBS) through the health interview among 313 workers occupied in a microwave-oven assembling factory from December 1993 to February 1994. Results were as follows. 1. The prevalence of spontaneous pain was 94.9%, while 78.1% suffered from muscle tenderness, 63.5% suffered from muscle induration and 62.0% showed kinesalgia. 54.7% of patients showed positive cervical X-ray findings and 28.5% showed positive Morley test. 2. The muscle induration was associated with the total duration of the job among female workers. 3. The severity of neck tenderness was negatively correlated with the strength of the grip at both hands, positively correlated with the duration of overtime in male and the severity of the wrist tenderness was negatively correlated with the height in female. 4. X-ray findings, muscle induration. Morley test results, muscle tenderness on the neck and muscle tenderness on the shoulder were associated with subjective symptoms of the workers. 5. The muscle tenderness was associated with the number of the complaints at upper extremities among the sufferings in daily life significantly and the electromyogram(EMG) finding was associated with the number of the complaints about neuropsychological system among the sufferings in daily life significantly. In conclusion, the results of the physical examination were related with the subjective symptoms of the cervicobrachial syndrome. The muscle induration, the muscle tenderness, cervical X-ray findings and the Morley test results were more useful for the diagnosis of CBS. More efforts to objectify the subjective symptoms were asked.

속담에 나타난 문화차이 연구 : 한국과 미국을 중심으로

박상옥 홍익대학교 2002 敎育硏究論叢 Vol.- No.19

Proverbs are defined as something which conveys moral messages and/or wisdoms of general public, of great authors, or famous politicians, although Korean proverbs, in general, were originated from low-class people. It is thus natural that many of them represent certain characteristics of a society. The purpose of this paper is to collect popular American and Korean proverbs, analyze them and find any cultural distinctions from them. Findings are 'respect for privacy, individual opinions and independence,' 'interest in business, money and competition,' 'aggressiveness,' 'optimism,' 'emphasis on honesty,' 'respect for youth,' and 'stress of the present' and 'interest in blood relationship within the family circle,' and 'emphasis on coorperation' in American proverbs. On the other hand, 'heartbreaking feeling for hunger,' 'passivity,' 'pessimism,' 'negative in-law relationship,' 'disrespect for women,' 'interest in human relationship,' 'respect for modesty,' and 'advanced mind-reading skill' are found in Korean proverbs. Based on these findings it is concluded that American culture and Korean culture can still be safely represented as individualism vs. collectivism, directness/action-oriented attitude vs. indirectness/emotionalism.

효율적인 원어민 교수의 활용에 대하여

朴商玉 弘益大學校 1988 弘大論叢 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find out how well the native English speaking instructors in Hong-Ik University meet their student expectations of English majors, English Language Education and English Language and Literature. Survey of the students reveals that though all of them want to learn English by native English speakers, many are not satisfied with the program particulary in terms of step-by-step progression, number of students in a classroom and qualifications of the instructors. It is suggested that at least one qualified native English instructor be employed in the department of English of every university and be appointed director of the English language courses by native speakers. The director, in consultation with other native teachers and chairperson of the department, will supervise the program as a whole in setting up objectives, designing instructional contents and methods and making decisions about evaluation. Besides, it is recommended that all qualified native teachers be given equal treatment to their Korean counterparts in salary and other benefits.

염분적응에 따른 뱀장어 표피의 미세 구조적 변화 : Ⅰ. 상피세포 Ⅰ. Epithelial Cell

박인식,김진정,조운복,박상옥 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1995 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.11 No.-

뱀장어, Anguilla japonica의 표피를 구성하는 주종 세포인 상피세포는 80Å 정도의 많은 당김세사를 함유하고 있어서 표피의 골격 유지에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 회유행동 측성에 의해, 성숙된 뱀장어는 바다로 나가게 되고 표피는 급격한 환경변화를 겪게 되는데 그 현상들을 살펴보면 먼저 상해반응으로 세포 내의 과립 형질내세망의 내강이 확장되는 현상과 다양한 크기의 공포의 증가로 인해 상피세포들 사이의 공간이 확장되며 일부 세포에서는 괴사 또는 변성되는 형태인 다층층판구조를 갖기도 한다. 이에 대한 능동적 대퍼로 부착반쪽으로 모이는 당김세사들이 일정한 방향성을 갖게 되며, 상피세포 사이의 연접부위에 부착반의 수가 증가되며, 미토콘드리아, 형질내세망 등 세포소기관이 발달되고, 분비과립의 증가 등 분비양상이 증가되고, 능동적인 염배출과 연관된 핵상부의 중앙축을 따라 미토콘드리아 및 과립 형질내세망이 풍부한 세포도 나타났다. 이와 같은 변화는 염분농도의 증가에 따른 환경적요인에 의해 일어나는 상피세포의 기능적 방어기작이라고 사료된다. The epidermis of the Korean eel, Anguilla japonicus, was examined for the study of structural and funcional adaptation mechanism by change in external environment during the migration from fresh water to sea water. The epithelial cell which was observed in the eel epidermis is characterized by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic tonofilaments that attributes to the epithelial structures. Many structural changes were occured in the epithelial cell according to adaptation of high concentration of salt solution. First, Structural lesions were observed. The lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum was dilated and myelin figures which was suspected to necrosis or denaturation were noted. Extensive cytoplasmic vacuolations were appeared, which caused increase of the intercellular space. Second, active responsive mechanism against the structural lesions in high salinity were observed. Cytoplasmic tonofilaments which attached to desmosome have orientation from central to peripheral region and then aggregrated each other. And number of desmosomes was increased between the cells. The cell organelles which contained mitochondria, small vesicles, et al. were more developed and number and amount of secretory granules were increased than fresh water adapted eel epithelial cell. Mitochondria- and rough endoplasmic reticulum-rich cells which related to active salt secretion were appeared.