Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release of Hydroxyapatite Coated Liposomes

조성근,위태인,하정,조선행,한건,한희동,신병철,Cho, Sung Keun,Wee, Tae In,Ha, Jeung,Cho, Sun Hang,Han, Kun,Han, Hee Dong,Shin, Byung Cheol Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.4

리포솜은 표적 약물을 봉입하여 병소에 안전하게 전달할 수 있는 약물전달체로서 연구되고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 리포솜은 표적부위에서 약물방출이 제한적인 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 리포솜의 안정성을 향상시키고 표적부위에서 외부 초음파로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위하여 하이드록시아파타이트(hydroxyapatite, HA)가 코팅된 리포솜을 개발하였다. 대조군 리포솜은 인지질과 콜레스테롤을 이용하여 제조하였고, 대조군 리포솜의 표면에 칼슘 아세테이트, 포스포릭에시드, 그리고 25% 암모니아용액을 이용하여 HA를 코팅하였다. 모델 약물로는 독소루비신을 사용하였다. HA코팅 리포솜의 크기는 120 nm 이었고, 약물봉입효율은 95% 이상이었다. 30% 혈장용액 내에서 HA코팅 리포솜의 입자크기는 일정한 상태를 유지하였으며, 대조군 리포솜은 크기가 1.4배 증가하였다. 외부 초음파 자극에 의한 리포솜으로부터 약물 방출을 유도한 후, 방출된 약물의 세포 이입율은 HA 코팅된 리포솜이 3배 이상 대조군 리포솜에 비하여 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 외부 초음파 자극에 의하여 리포솜으로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위한 초음파 민감형 리포솜을 개발하였고, 본 제형은 표적부위에서 약물의 방출을 효과적으로 제어하기 위한 분야에 활용이 가능할 것이다. Liposomes, which can deliver payload at target site, have been studied as drug carrier. However, conventional liposomes have limitation for drug release at target site. Therefore, we developed hydroxyapatite (HA) coated ultrasound sensitive liposomes to increase drug release at target site and to enhance stability in blood stream. Control liposome was prepared using hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol, and then we assessed HA coating on the surface of control liposomes using calcium acetate, phosphoric acid, and 25% ammonium solution. Doxorubicin was used as a model drug. Size of HA coated liposomes was 120 nm and encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin in liposomes was up to 95%. Size of HA coated liposomes are not changed in 30% serum solution, however, the control liposomes was 1.4 fold increased. After ultrasound triggered drug release from liposomes, intracellular efficiency of drug released from HA coated liposomes was 3 fold increased compared to control liposomes. In this study, we developed ultrasound sensitive liposomes to enhance drug release, which will be applied in controlled drug release at disease site.

The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

인플레이션率과 株式收益率 사이의 關係에 관한 實證的 硏究

河正鎭,徐洵根,金承卓 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1987 硏究報告 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the relationship between inflation rate and stock market return in Korean stock market. After the literature was reviewed, two regression models were tested for two periods, 1976-1980 and 1981-1986. The results show that there exists strong negative relation between two variables in the higher inflation period, on the contrary unsignificant positive relation in the lower inflation period. The major feature of this study is the use of Box-Jenkins' ARIMA fitted values as measures of expected inflation rates. But this study has many limitations and weaknesses from the view of theory building and research methodology, thus some directions of study are suggested.

정책불응의 제도적 요인분석 : 국민연금제도를 중심으로

하상근 慶尙大學校 經營行政大學院 2002 사회과학연구 Vol.20 No.2

Looking at the National Pension Law which was established in 1986 and the National Pension System which was enforced in January 1, 1988 as of today, still many people (National Pension Target Group) has a contradictory views on it. This dissertation understands the non-compliance of the national pension system as policy target group's institutional factor. Examining results of these analysis, the problems of the pension scheme itself can make the non-compliance of the target group.

담도에 국한되어 증상을 유발한 석회쓸개즙 2 예

윤성우,이지영,하경호,이수경,한나,배효근,박선자 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Limy bile is a rare condition characterized by excessive precipitation of calcium carbonate in the gallbladder or bile duct. Recently we experienced two cases with obstructive jaundice in which limy bile in the common bile duct but not in the gallbladder for one case, and in the common bile duct and intra hepatic duct but not in the gallbladder for another case. The patients were treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy. Here, we report the cases and review the literature.

國立大學에서 敎授와 行政職員間의 葛藤要因分析에 관한 硏究

하상근,전일주 진주산업대학교 2003 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

우리나라 지방자치단체의 전입지ㆍ전출지별 시ㆍ도간 인구이동방향에 관한 연구

하상근 경상대학교 사회과학연구소 2005 사회과학연구 Vol.23 No.-

This dissertation understands on direction of migration with In-migration region and out-migration region of local government in korea(Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheongabuk-do, Chungcheonganam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju-do), during the period of 1991~2002. The spatial pattern of regional migration in Korea is found to be one of intra-regional rather than inter-regional movement. And migration in korea is summarized ""Seoul metropolitan region in-migration excess"" and ""non-Seoul metropolitan region out-migration excess"". According to the Seoul metropolitan region net in-migration the in-migration excess is constantly showed to the province of Gyeonggi-do. Because the province of Gyeonggi-do is located near Seoul and has comfortable circumstances after developing the new town.

중기발암성시험기법을 이용한 Carbendazim의 간발암성 검색

성하정,이제봉,정미혜,이해근 한국환경독성학회 1998 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Carbendazim, which is widely used fungicide, was investigated for rat hepatocarcinogenesis using a medium-term carcinogenicity bioassay. All rats were initially given a single dose (200 mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) i. p. and then, starting 2 weeks later, carbendazim treatment group and positive control group received carbendazim (7 mg/kg/ day) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF, V/0, respectively, in the diet for 6 weeks. All rats were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) at week 3 and sacrificed at week 8. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the number and area per cm" of induced glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in the liver. Carbendazim had no effect in the increase of body weight, hematological and biochemical values, and the number and area of GST-P positive foci. These results suggest that this bioassay using DEN-PH method can be useful for detection of hepatocarcinogenic potentials of pesticide.

우리나라 地方自治團體의 人口增減에 관한 硏究

하상근,전일주 진주산업대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.44 No.-

An economic development plan since 1960 made great strides in economic growth, which, in the meantime, gave impetus to industrialization and urbanization in korea. The urbanization resulted in the movement of surplus labor manpower of the rural community to cities, and a decrease in population of the rural community has brought about a shortage of manpower in the rural community. This dissertation understands on the increase and decrease of population of local government in korea during the period of 1991~2002. And unit of analysis is primary local government level. This increase and decrease of population of local government included natural increase and decrease and social increase and decrease. In the result of analysis, this study with the increase and decrease of population in korea is summarized, "seoul metropolitan region and busan, daegu, gwangju, daejeon metropolitan region increase excess" and "the others(non-seoul metropolitan) region decrease excess". And the recent pattern in the increase and decrease of population of local governments in korea has been shifted noticeably from the concentration into the capital region to the dispersion within seoul metropolitan area. Finally, there is growing tendency that primary urban communities and rural communities were decrease of population.

신입 부사관 후보 대학생과 일반대학생의 혈압, 신체조성 및 체력 비교 연구

하수민,신상근,김동두 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2014 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study was to comparison a study on blood pressure, body composition and physical fitness in department of noncommissioned officer D college Students and P college students. For this study, participants were into four groups, D college male students(A, n=102), P college male students(B, n=51), D college female students(C, n=42), P college female students(D, n=44). The test data were analyzes by independent t-test, and the alpha level of p<.05 was set for all tests of significance. The results of the research were as follows. Group A was %Fat(p<.05) significantly higher than Group B and Group A was grip strength, sit-ups(p<.001) significantly lower than Group B. Group C was weight, BMI(p<.05), %Fat(p<.001) significantly higher than Group D and Group C was grip strength(p<.05), sit-ups(p<.01) significantly lower than Group D. Therefore, D College NCOs students need correct lifestyle and regular exercise. 본 연구는 부산지역 소재 D대학 신입 부사관 후보 대학생과 P대학 일반대학생의 혈압, 신체조성 및 체력을 비교 연구 하였다. 연구결과에서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 부사관 후보 남자대학생의 체지방률은 일반 남자대학생 보다 유의하게 높았으며, 부사관 후보 여자대학생의 체중, BMI, 체지방률은 일반 여자대학생 보다 유의하게 높았다. 체력은 부사관 후보 남․여 대학생 모두 악력, 윗몸일으키기가 일반 남․여 대학생들 보다 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과 D대학 신입 부사관 후보 대학생은 바람직한 군인화를 위한 올바른 생활습관과 규칙적인 운동 실천이 요구된다.