Risk Assessment of Secondary Primary Malignancies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Big-Data Intelligence Platform-Based Analysis of 6,377 Long-term Survivors from an Endemic Area Treated with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy during 2003-2013

Lu-Lu Zhang,Guo-Hong Li,Yi-Yang Li,Zhen-Yu Qi,Ai-Hua Lin,Ying Sun 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.3

Purpose The incidence, risk factors and survival impact of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs) among survivors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with or without chemotherapy are poorly characterized. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients (n=6,377) from the big-data intelligence platform at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China (in a high-incidence area) with newly diagnosed non-metastatic pathologically proven non-keratinizing undifferentiated NPC treated with IMRT±chemotherapy between January 2003 and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Cumulative incidence of SPMs was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify potential risk factors for SPMs and assess whether SPMs affect overall survival. Results Of the 6,377 patients, 189 (3.0%) suffered SPMs (median follow-up, 62 months). One-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-cumulative risks of SPMs were 0.4%, 0.9%, 1.6%, 2.2%, and 2.6%, respectively. Latency from start of IMRT to SPMs diagnosis was 37 months (range, 6 to 102 months). In patients with SPMs, 14.3% suffered SPMs within 1 year post-IMRT: 1-3 years, 38.1%; 3-5 years, 33.9%; and > 5 years, 13.7%. Lung cancer was the most common SPM (50/6,377, 0.78%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated sex (male, 64% increase), age (! 50 years, 68% increase), and smoking history (41% increase) were significant risk factors for SPMs, and SPMs were associated with poorer overall survival. Conclusion This large cohort study confirms SPMs a dreadful complication for long-term survivors of NPC treated with IMRT. SPMs negatively impact overall survival in NPC. Close follow-up is recommended for older male survivors with a smoking history.

Protein-based soft micro-optics fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing

Sun, Yun-Lu,Dong, Wen-Fei,Niu, Li-Gang,Jiang, Tong,Liu, Dong-Xu,Zhang, Lu,Wang, Ying-Shuai,Chen, Qi-Dai,Kim, Dong-Pyo,Sun, Hong-Bo Nature Publishing Group 2014 Light, science & applications Vol.3 No.1

<P>In this work, we report a novel soft diffractive micro-optics, called 'microscale kinoform phase-type lens (micro-KPL)', which is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as building blocks and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slices as substrates. By carefully optimizing various process parameters of FsLDW (e. g., average laser power density, scanning step, exposure time on a single point and protein concentration), the as-formed protein micro-KPLs exhibit excellent surface quality, well-defined three-dimensional (3D) geometry and distinctive optical properties, even in relatively harsh operation environments (for instance, in strong acid or base). Laser shaping, imaging and other optical performances can be easily achieved. More importantly, micro-KPLs also have unique flexible and stretchable properties as well as good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, such protein hydrogel-based micro-optics may have great potential applications, such as in flexible and stretchable photonics and optics, soft integrated optical microsystems and bioimplantable devices.</P>

Proposal of a Pretreatment Nomogram for Predicting Local Recurrence after Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in T4 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Review of 415 Chinese Patients

Lu-Lu Zhang,Yi-Yang Li,Jiang Hu,Guan-Qun Zhou,Lei Chen,Wen-Fei Li,Ai-Hua Lin,Jun Ma,Zhen-Yu Qi,Ying Sun 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.4

Purpose Local relapse-free survival (LRFS) differs widely among patients with T4 category nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We aimed to build a nomogram incorporating clinicopathological information to predict LRFS in T4 NPC after definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Materials and Methods Retrospective study of 415 Chinese patients with non-metastatic T4 NPC treated with definitive IMRT with or without chemotherapy at our cancer center between October 2009 and September 2013. The nomogram for LRFS at 3 and 5 years was generated based on multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, and validated using bootstrap resampling, assessing discriminative performance using the concordance index (C-index) and determining calibration ability via calibration curves. Results Five-year LRFS was 88.8%. We identified and incorporated four independent prognostic factors for LRFS: ethmoid sinus invasion, primary gross tumor volume, age, and pretreatment body mass index. The C-index of the nomogram for local recurrence was 0.732 (95% confidence interval, 0.726 to 0.738), indicating excellent predictive accuracy. The calibration curve revealed excellent agreement between nomogram-predicted and observed LRFS probabilities. Risk subgroups based on total point score cutoff values enabled effective discrimination of LRFS. Conclusion This pretreatment nomogram enables clinicians to accurately predict LRFS in T4 NPC after definitive IMRT, and could help to facilitate personalized patient counselling and treatment strategies.

Ginsenoside compound K protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK pathways

Lu, Shan,Luo, Yun,Zhou, Ping,Yang, Ke,Sun, Guibo,Sun, Xiaobo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes vascular endothelial cell inflammatory response and apoptosis and plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a metabolite produced by the hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1, possesses strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether or not CK protects ox-LDL-damaged endothelial cells and the potential mechanisms have not been elucidated. Methods: In our study, cell viability was tested using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression levels of interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$) was detected using JC-1. The cell apoptotic percentage was measured by the Annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) assay, lactate dehydrogenase, and caspase-3 expression. Apoptosis-related proteins, nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways protein expression were quantified by Western blotting. Results: Our results demonstrated that CK could ameliorate ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inflammation and apoptosis, $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation, and the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, anisomycin, an activator of p38 and JNK, significantly abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of CK. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CK prevents ox-LDL-induced HUVECs inflammation and apoptosis through inhibiting the $NF-{\kappa}B$, p38, and JNK MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, CK is a candidate drug for atherosclerosis treatment.

The Predictive Value of Pre-therapeutic Serum Gamma-glutamyl transferase in Efficacy and Adverse Reactions to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy among Breast Cancer Patients

Lu Sun,Wenjin Yin,Ziping Wu,Yaohui Wang,Jinsong Lu 한국유방암학회 2020 Journal of breast cancer Vol.23 No.5

Purpose: Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been reported as being involved in tumor progression. Previous studies documented a potential relationship between serum GGT level and survival outcome in several types of human malignancies. However, the association between serum GGT levels and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has not yet been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between pre-therapeutic serum GGT level and the efficacy, long-term survival, and adverse reactions of NAC and to investigate its role in predicting NAC sensitivity in patients with breast cancer. Methods: A total of 129 patients were recruited and stratified into 2 groups according to serum GGT level (< 29 U/L and ≥ 29 U/L). The association between pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels and clinicopathological parameters was examined. The correlation between pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels and pathological complete response (pCR) was analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Survival analyses of relapse-free survival (RFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were performed. Pearson's χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the correlation between pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels and adverse reactions. Results: Pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels were associated with pCR among breast cancer patients treated with NAC. Multivariate analysis showed that low-level GGT significantly increased pCR rate. Patients in the high-level GGT group had poorer survival than those in the low-level GGT group. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that serum GGT level was potentially related to RFS and DFS in the hormone receptor-positive group. Low levels of GGT are significantly associated with a higher incidence of neutropenia. Conclusion: Pre-therapeutic serum GGT level is an independent and novel biomarker for predicting the efficiency, prognosis, and adverse reactions to NAC in breast cancer patients. Patients with low pre-therapeutic serum GGT levels are more likely to have higher pCR rates, better RFS and DFS, and higher hematologic toxicity.

Research on the Accounting Fraud Approaches of Listed Companies in China

Lu Sun,Lin lin Ren People&Global Business Association 2017 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.22 No.1

After more than 20 years of vigorous development, there are more than 2,800 Chinese domestic listing companies by 2015, however, there is still endless stream of accounting fraud. Every year a number of companies have been punished by China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) because of kinds of accounting fraud, This paper (1) define violation of information disclosure ; (2) set conceptual framework of accounting fraud; (3) presents a profile of accounting fraud approaches by reviewing the selective sample of alleged accounting fraud cases from 2011-2015 by CSRC; (4) demonstrates that Chinese listed companies show an obvious preference to the violation of information disclosure other than financial statement fraud; and (5) violation of integrality played a very important role within violation of information disclosure, such as disclosure information incompletely of guarantee, relation transaction and wayward stock trade etc. We examine the characteristics and typical methods of accounting fraud at this stage by the routine descriptive statistics. The sample comes from the penalties of CSRC over the five-year period from 2011-2015. This paper shed light on the facts that accounting fraud has not been controlled effectively, although there are sound system with respect to accounting standards, corporate governance, internal control, business operation and risk management, in fact, it has just been switched to violation of information fraud from financial statement fraud.

Study on Electrical Aging Characteristics of Fiber Sheath Materials in Power Transformer Oil

Sun Lu,Fan Xiaozhou,Jiang Shuo,Wang Bowen,Liu Yunpeng,Gao Shuguo,Meng Lingming 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.1

Optical fiber has great potential in the development of online monitoring for trans-formers. In this paper, the electrical aging test of fiber sheath material based on a gradual voltage-rising method was performed and the influence of thermal aging on electrical aging was determined. Compared to the oil-paper insulation performance of traditional transformers, it was found that ethylene tetrafluoroethylene(ETFE), polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) and Polyamide 12 (PA 12) were better than oil-paper. Statistical analysis of the ETFE material and oil-paper test data was conducted using double-parameter Weibull distribution. The inverse power and exponential functions were used to fit the experimental data and voltage tolerance coefficients of the ETFE material were obtained. Experimental results show the parameters of the ETFE model in the inverse power function and exponential function model are better than those of the oil paper insulation, and the sheathed fiber is ETFE that can be stably operated in the transformer.

Yi Yu Sheng Hui

Sun Lu 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.10 No.2

Study on Electrical Aging Characteristics of Fiber Sheath Materials in Power Transformer Oil

Lu Sun,Xiaozhou Fan,Shuo Jiang,Bowen Wang,Yun-Peng Liu,Shuguo Gao,Lingming Meng 대한전기학회 2020 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.15 No.5

Expression of Neurotrophin 4 and Its Receptor Tyrosine Kinase B in Reproductive Tissues during the Follicular and Luteal Phases in Cows

Sun, Yongfeng,Li, Chunjin,Sun, Yanling,Chen, Lu,Liu, Zhuo,Ma, Yonghe,Wang, Chunqiang,Zhang, Wei,Zhou, Xu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.3

The neurotrophins, required for the survival and differentiation of the nervous system, are known to be important for the development of the reproductive tissues. However, the signals initiating the growth of follicles, gamete development, and transport and the development of zygote in the reproductive system of cows remain ambiguous. The purpose of the present study was to identify the transcripts and proteins of Neurotrophin 4 (NT4) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in bovine reproductive tissues. The transcripts and immunoreactivity of NT4 and TrkB proteins were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Using immunohistochemistry, the specific immunoreactivity of NT4 and TrkB were detected in the oocytes of primordial follicles and in the growing primary follicles. The NT4 and TrkB immunoreactivity was predominantly observed in granulosa cells, cumulus granulosa cells, cumulus oocyte complexes, theca cells of mature follicles, as well as in the oviduct epithelial cells, uterine gland cell, and epithelium cells of the uterus during the follicular and luteal phases in cows. Expressions of NT4 and TrkB mRNAs were not significantly different among the ovary, oviduct, and uterus of the follicular phase. For the luteal phase, the expression of NT4 mRNA in the ovary was significantly higher than that in the oviduct and uterus, and the expression of TrkB mRNA in the oviduct was significantly higher than that in the ovary and uterus, as determined by fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of NT4 mRNA was significantly higher than that of TrkB mRNA in the ovary and uterus, whereas NT4 mRNA expression was lower than that of TrkB mRNA in the oviduct during the luteal phase. The present study hypothesizes that NT4 participates in the regulation of both gonads and extra-gonadal reproductive tissues in cows.