벼 유묘기 저온처리에 의한 Chlorosis의 유전

손재근,권용삼,김경민 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1997 慶北大農學誌 Vol.15 No.-

벼의 유묘기 저온처리하에 나타나는 chlorosis현상의 유전양식을 규명하기 위하여 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 벼 21 공시품종 유묘기 저온(18℃)처리에서 chlorosis가 나타나는 품종은 통일형인 "밀양23호"와 인디카형인 "IR 36", "Dular"로 3품종이었고, 모든 자포니카형 품종에서는 chlorosis가 나타나지 않았다. 저온처리하의 엽록소 함량 감소는 품종군과 재배종간에 다양한 차이를 나타내었다. Dular와 Toyohatamochi가 교배된 F₂집단에서 저온처리에 의해 나타나는 제3엽의 chlorosis 현상에 대한 분리비는 정상 개체와 chlorsis 개체가 3:1의 이론적 분리비 적합하였다. 이결과로 벼의 유묘기 chlorosis의 유전은 단순열성 유전자에 의해 지배 되는 것으로 분석되었다. The purpose of this study was to determine the inheritance of chlorosis under low temperature at seedling stage of rice. The expression of chlorosis among 21 rice cultivars treated at 18℃ showed in one Tongil type cultivar. Milyang 23. and two Indica type cultivars. IR 36 and Dular. The sign of chlorosis was not appeared in all of the japonica type cultivars under the same treatment. The reduction of chlorophyll content under the low temperature was differed from varietal group and cultivars. The F₂population from a cross between Toyohatamochi and Dular segregated 3:1 ratio for normal and white phenotypes of third leaf. From the result, it was suggested that the chlorosis was controlled by a single recessive gene. The chlorosis rice detected from this study will be used as a good material for the genetic study related to photosynthetic ability of rice.

精神障碍者와 司法節次 : An Overview and the Problems in Practice 그 一般論 및 몇가지 現實的인 問題點들

孫容根 大韓神經精神醫學會 1992 신경정신의학 Vol.31 No.6

As mental patients receive special treatments in the medical field, they need to be treated specially in many aspects in the legal field. For a long time, such a special legal treatment has been known as "Forensic Psychiatry" in advanced countries. Unfortunately. Korean doctors and judicial officials are not familiar even with the term Forensic Psychiatry. This deplorable-situation has led me to write this article to draw the interest in the Forensic psychiatry area and to facilitate the cooperation between medical and judicial fields. At first, we must recognize the problems of different terminology. Since the law involves quite different terminology from that of the medicine, the comprehension and adoption of such legal terms to the medicine field should be done carefully. I will provide the definition for some terminology in this paper. In Korean judicial procedures, the problems in mental disability law practice arc summarized as follows : 1) Expert Witness Cost The expert witness cost is a kind of a procedural cost to be borne by defendant under the Rule of Korean Criminal Procedure. In practice, however, the government pays for the cost. Thus, it would be better to revise the article of the Criminal Procedure governing the expert witness cost to shift the cost burden from the defendant to the government. If not, we must follow the rule completely. Another problem is, then, how to pay for this cost. The budget for the Korean court system is under the control of the Supreme Court Administration. Thus, short-budgeted lower courts sometimes cannot afford to provide expert opinion opportunities to defendants with an alleged mental disability. To insure the fairness and justice, every lower court should be able to budget for the expert witness cost. 2) Forensic Psychiatry Institution The psychiatric examination of a defendant requires a special detention facility. However, there had been virtually no reliable mental hospital for this special purpose. Fortunately this problem can be solved easily after the government established the Forensic Psychiatry Institution. Practicing lawyers in Korean should recognize the need for this special detention facility for the psychiatric examination. 3) Expert Opinion Evidence For Korean judges and prosecutors, accepting expert opinions as fact is a rule, rather an exception. That dose not mean the courts accept the expert opinions blindfold. The courts use and do need to use demeanor evidence to determine the reliability of the evidence. However, when there is a conflict between an independant psychiatric examination report presented by the defendant and a court-requested psychiatric examination perpor. deference to expert opinions is needed to prevent the subjective determination of the court. 4) Civil Procedure and Psychiatric Examination In Korea, examination for a lawsuit rarely indludes a psychiatric examination. Even practicina attorneys consider the medical examination is an exclusive term for a physical examination rather than the psychiatric one. The advanced legal culture requires to recognize the importance of the psychiatric examination as one of the medical examinations. 5) Preference for the Mentally Weak Decision Under the Korean Criminal Code. mentally weak defendants can be sentenced to jail. while mentally disabled defendants are considered unable to commit a crime. This has made the courts prefer to find a devendant mentally weak instead of mentally disabled despite a "mentally disabled" finding, when a heinous crime is in trial. This tendency of the courts should he changed because when a defendant is found mentally disabled, he still has to serve his time in different form for he is confined to a psychiatric detention center under the Social Protection Law of 1980. To remedy all these problems and to ascertain the reasonable treatment for the mentally disabled defendants, the cooperation between the medical and judicial fields is essential. I hope this small article would contribute to protect the fights of the mentally disabled defendants who are disadvantaged by the public's ignorance.

순환기 내과로 자문의뢰된 환자의 임상상

황진용,최지용,손상균,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.4

목적 : 순환기내과 영역은 많은 과로부터 자문의뢰를 받는 영역으로 알려져 있다. 특히 최근 우리나라의 순환기질환의 유형이 변화되고 입원환자가 고령화되면서 동반된 심질환의 유병율도 증가하고있다. 이에 저자들은 타과로 입원하여 순환기내과로 자문의뢰되는 환자의 임상상과 3차병원인 경북대학교병원에서의 순환기내과자문의 유용성 등을 평가하여 향후 순환기질병에 대한 협의진료에 도움을 주고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1995년 3월부터 순환기내과로 공식자문의뢰된 첫 100명을 대상으로 전향적으로 연령, 의뢰이유, 최종진단명, 수술과의 관련성 여부, 순환기내과의 최종조치, 타과의 순응도 등을 조사하였다. 결과 : 1) 자문을 의뢰한 환자는 평균 58±16(15-89, 중앙치 61)세였고 60세이상의 환자가 57%로 고령의 환자가 많았다. 2) 내과계열 25%, 외과계열 75%로 외과계열의 자문이 많았고 일반외과가 26%로 가장 많았고 내과의 다른 분과가 12%, 신경외과 12%, 정형외과 11%, 흉부외과 11%, 신경과 11% 등의 순이었다. 외과계열중 수술을 시행한 경우는 58례로 이중 응급수술이 13례였다. 술전 위험도 평가를 위한 자문이 38례에서 있었는데 순환기적인 문제로 수술을 받지 못한 경우는 2례(1례는 허혈성 심질환, 1례는 심낭질환)이었다. 이때 응급수술을 제외한 입원일과 술전 자문일파의 간격은 평균 3±7일(입원일-42일)이고 술전 자문일과 수술일과의 간격은 평균 6±4일(1-16일)이었다. 3) 타과의 의뢰이유는 심전도 이상이 36례, 높게 측정된 혈압이 20례, 순환기질환의 과거력 17례, 환자의 증상 때문인 경우가 10례였고 심전도의 이상중에는 부정맥이 18례, 이상 Q파 6례, ST절 이상이 5례, 각차단이 3례의 순이었다. 순환기과거력 중에는 허혈성 심질환이 6례, 현재 혈압은 정상이나 고혈압의 과거력이 있는 경우가 4례 순이었고 환자의 증상은 흉통 6례, 호흡곤란이 3례, 기절이 1례였다. 4) 자문후 최종진단이 가능했던 91례를 진단별(총 97 진단명)로 나누어 보면 고혈압이 28례, 부정맥이 16례, 허혈성 심질환이 14례, 판막질환이 11례, 순환기질환이 아닌경우가 19래였다. 이들중 추적진료가 필요하다고 응답한 경우가 57례였으나 순환기내과 외래에 1번이상 추적진료한 경우는 32례(56%)로 환자의 순응도는 낮았다. 결론 : 순환기내과의 자문의뢰는 고령자에게 많았고 수술과 관련된 경우가 많았으며 심전도의 이상이 의뢰이유로 가장 많았으며 진단별로는 고혈압과 부정맥이 가장 많았다. 그리고 순환기적인문제로 수술을 받지 못한 경우는 드물었고 자문후 지속적인 추적진료를 위해 환자의 교육이 필요하겠다. Objective : Clinical characteristics of the patients with cardiovascular diseases in the general hospital have been changed and prevalance of co-existing cardiovascular disease in the patients who were admitted for non-cardiac diseases has been increased remarkably as the proportion of elderly patients increased rapidly in Korea. We evaluated clinical features of the patients consulted for cardiological evaluation and effectiveness of the consultation in the setting of tertiary general hospital, Kyungpook University Hospital. Method : One hundred patients were studied between January 1995 and January 1996. They were evaluated for the reason of consultation, final diagnosis, final recommendation from cardiologists and its impact on the management of the patients, and compliance of the consulting departments. Results : 1) The ages ranged between 15 and 89 (mean 58±16, median 61) years, 57 patients were male and 43 female. Fifty seven patients were older than 60 years. 2) Consultations from surgical parts were 75 patients. Consultation from general surgery was most frequent (26%), followed by other divisions of internal medicine (12%), neurosurgery (12%) and orthopedic surgery (11%), chest surgery (11%), neurology (11%), obstetrics and gynecology (8%), urology (4%), ophthalmology (2%), dermatology (2%), ENT (1%). Among 75 patients from surgical parts, operation was done on 58 patients, including 13 emergency cases. Preoperative cardiac risk evaluation was the reason of consultation in thirty eight patients, of which operation could not be done in only 2 patients (one had severe ischemic heart disease, the other large pericardial disease). Interval between consultation day and operation day was 6±4 days (1-6 days). 3) Reasons for cardiac consultation were electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in 36 patients, high blood pressure in 20 patients, previous cardiovascular diseases in 17 patients, symptoms of the patients in 10 patients. Among EGG abnormalities, arrhythmias was the reason in 18 patients, abnormal Q waves in 6 patients, ST-T segment abnormalities in 5 patients, bundle branch block in 3 patients. Among previous cardiovascular disease, presence of ischemic heart disease was the reason in 6 patients, previous hypertension in 4 patients. Chest pain was the reason of the consultation in 6 patients, dyspnea in 3 patients, syncope in 1 patient. 4) Definite diagnoses could be made in 91 patients with 96 diagnoses which were hypertension and its complications in 28, arrhythmia with underlying disease in 16, ischemic heart disease in 14. valvular heart disease in 11, non-cardiovascular disease in 19. Cardiological follow up was recommended in 57 patients. However, 25 patients (44%) were lost to follow-up. Conclusion : Cardiological consultation was frequent in the elderly patients. Most frequent reason for consultation was EGG abnormalities. Hypertension or arrhythmia was most common final diagnosis. Inoperability due to cardiovascular problems were rare.

당뇨병환자에서 뇨증 Fibronectin농도의 증가에 관한 연구

한승범,조준승,손건영,서성문,박근용,조성래,박규영,박정모,이인규,여준기 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1994 계명의대학술지 Vol.13 No.4

Plasma fibronectin is an α₂-glyoprotein, which is produced by vascular endothelial cells. Raised level of plasma fibronectin has been observed in diabetic patients particularly in the presence of microvascular complications. However, no available data exist about urine level of this glycoprotein in diabetic patients. We measured urine fibronectin level by ELISA methods in 54 diabetic patients who have microvascular comlications or not. The following results were obtained. 1) Urine fibronectin level(㎍/g creatinine) in diabetic group(1740.0±678.0) is increased compaired with those in normal control group(471.0±59.0). but this results were not significantly different among two groups(P>0.05). 2) Urine fibronectin level(㎍/g creatinine) was significantly increased in patients with nephropathy (6188.0±3144.0) compared with those in normal control group(471.0±59.0) and patients without nephropathy(645.0±251.0)(P<0.001). 3) There were a significant correlation between BUN, creatinine, creatinine clearance, 24hr urine total protein and urine fibronectin level in diabetic patients. Our data suggest that urine fibronectin excretion level might be used as a sensitive guide for diabectic nephropathy.

마그네슘 성형기술의 최근 동향

강민철,예대희,손근용 한국주조공학회 2003 한국주조공학회지 Vol.23 No.6

小兒 Pheochromocytoma의 1例

孫謹贊,孫基勇,李謹洙,金龍羽 대한의학협회 1966 대한의학협회지 Vol.9 No.1

Legal Issues in the Area of Medical Law of the Republic of Korea

Yong-Keun Sohn 한양법학회 2006 漢陽法學 Vol.19 No.-

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA IN A CHILD : A Case With Postoperative Mental Change

Sohn, Keun Chan,Chung, Young Hwan,Sohn, Ki Yong 대한소아과학회 1966 小兒科 Vol.9 No.2

Legal Method of Defending against Patent Trolls

SOHN Yong-Keun 한국법학원 2010 저스티스 Vol.- No.115

특허괴물은 특허를 보유하고 있으면서, 제품을 생산하지 않거나 서비스를 제공하지 않고, 특허침해자를 상대로 그 특허권을 행사하는 소규모의 발명자를 의미한다. 다른 발명자의 권리를 침해하려는 목적으로 특허를 사용하기도 하는 변화된 환경과 함께 권리내용이 모호한 부실특허의 양산과 특허소송의 판결에 일관성이 없는 등 재판결과의 불명확성이 특허괴물의 탄생과 성장을 촉진시켰다고 할 수 있다. 특허괴물은 소규모 발명가도 시장에서 자금을 조달하여 새로운 발명이 가능하도록 하는 등의 장점이 있으나, 부실 특허가 많은 소송을 일으켜 기회비용을 발생시키고, 질 낮은 특허가 양산되어 라이센싱 비용을 상승시키는 등 단점도 많다. 지금까지 미국 연방항소법원은 특허 침해가 인정되는 경우 자동적으로 영구적인 금지명령(automatic permanent injunction)을 내려왔다. 이 때문에 특허를 침해한 기업을 상대로 비교적 손쉽게 합의금을 받을 수 있었고, 특허괴물은 막대한 합의금을 얻는 수단으로 금지명령을 남용하여 왔다. 미국은 이를 해결하기 위하여 특허법을 개정하려 하였으나 실패하였다. 최근 미국 연방대법원의 판결은 미국 특허법 제283조의 규정에 따라 자유재량으로 4가지 요소를 고려하여 침해금지명령을 내리도록 하는 제한적인 입장을 취하였다. 이는 보완적 기능을 할 것이다. 한국에서 특허괴물 방지에 관한 방안으로서는, 권리남용의 법리를 응용하여 특허괴물의 권리행사를 제한하는 방안과 소송신탁의 법리에 따라 특허권남용을 규제하는 방안, 특허투자재단을 결성하는 방안 등이 논의되고 있다. 특허권자의 권리행사가 정당한지 여부를 판단하는 것은 어려운 일이나, 과연 Patent Troll이 특허제도가 추구하는 목적을 달성하고 있는지를 주의 깊게 검토할 필요가 있다. 명확한 기준을 마련하는 것이 필요한 시점이다. Patent troll is a term used for a small-scale inventor holding patents that enforces them against infringers, with no intention to manufacture or market the patented products. Nowadays patents are utilized for the purpose of organizing a portfolio by purchase or strategically infringing upon other inventor's rights by means of patent. Such situation is a kind of fertile grounds for patent trolls. And bad patents with ambiguous extent of patent claims are strong weapons for patent trolls. So far, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has ordered an automatic permanent injunction where the patent is valid and its infringement is recognized. Abusing the above practice, patent troll gets the enormous settlement money alleging patent infringement. An attempt to revise the U.S. Patent Act was made as one method of solving the above problem, but it has not been solved yet. Recently the judgment by the U.S. Supreme Court has a significant meaning as legal defense against patent trolls. In the judgment, the U.S. Supreme Court held that four elements could be considered with discretion to order the injunction against the infringement. Discussions on legal methods to prevent patent troll in Korea are geneally summarized as follows ; ① Disscussion as to abuse of rights ② Regulation against abuse of patent rights in accordance with legal theory of litigation trusts ③ Prevention by means of patent investment trusts ④ Establishment of public patent foundation. It is difficult to decide whether the exercise of patent-holder's rights is fair. But, we need to conduct an in-depth examination of whether patent-holder's exercise of rights. From now on, it is necessary for us to prepare clear standards.

중재판정(仲裁判定)의 효력에 관한 일반적 고찰

손용근 ( Yong Keun Sohn ) 법조협회 2004 法曹 Vol.53 No.10

우리 仲裁法 제35조에는 仲裁判定이 當事者 間에 있어서 法院의 確定判決과 동일한 효력을 가진다고 규정되어 있다. 확정판결과 동일한 효력을 가지게 되므로 우선 중재판정에는 形式的 確定力과 旣判力이 인정된다. 또한, 확정판결과 동일하게 중재판정에도 形成力, 執行力을 인정하는 것이 일반적이다. 확정판결에서 인정되는 羈束力 또한 중재판정에도 인정되는 것으로 생각된다. 여기에 판결의 기속력과는 약간 다른 拘束力(binding force)이 별도로 중재판정의 효력으로 추가되기도 한다. 중재판정의 여러 효력 가운데 논의가 가장 많은 것은 판결의 경우와 마찬가지로 기판력에 관한 문제이다. 특히 旣判力의 主觀的 範圍와 客觀的 範圍 및 時的 範圍에 관한 문제 등 기판력의 범위와 관련한 문제가 논의의 핵심이다. 그 밖에 旣判力의 本質 등 여러 부분에 검토하여야 할 부분이 많으나, 판결의 경우와는 달리 아직 논의가 시작되지도 못한 부분이 여러 곳에서 발견되고 있다. 그 밖의 효력 가운데 執行力은 중재판정에 대한 執行判決과 관련하여 이해할 필요가 있고, 形成力의 인정 여부는 좀더 연구를 요하는 것으로 생각된다. 拘束力과 羈束力은 결국 같은 의미로 파악하여도 무리가 없다고 본다. 중재판정의 효력과 관련한 문제로서는 仲裁判定의 訂正, 變更, 追加의 문제와 중재판정의 當然無效 문제를 살펴 보았다.