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Urobiome: An outlook on the metagenome of urological diseases
Rachel Shoemaker,Jayoung Kim 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.6
The urinary tract likely plays a role in the development of various urinary diseases due to the recently recognized notion that urine is not sterile. In this mini review, we summarize the current literature regarding the urinary microbiome and mycobiome and its relationship to various urinary diseases. It has been recently discovered that the healthy urinary tract contains a host of microorganisms, creating a urinary microbiome. The relative abundance and type of bacteria varies, but generally, deviations in the standard microbiome are observed in individuals with urologic diseases, such as bladder cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urgency urinary incontinence, overactive bladder syndrome, interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome, and urinary tract infections. However, whether this change is causative, or correlative has yet to be determined. In summary, the urinary tract hosts a complex microbiome. Changes in this microbiome may be indicative of urologic diseases and can be tracked to predict, prevent, and treat them in individuals. However, current analytical and sampling collection methods may present limitations to the development in the understanding of the urinary microbiome and its relationship with various urinary diseases. Further research on the differences between healthy and diseased microbiomes, the long-term effects of antibiotic treatments on the urobiome, and the effect of the urinary mycobiome on general health will be important in developing a comprehensive understanding of the urinary microbiome and its relationship to the human body.
After After Lorca : Anamnesis and Magic between Jack Spicer and Federico García Lorca
Robert Eric Shoemaker 한국외국어대학교 HK 세미오시스 연구센터 2019 Signs and Society Vol.7 No.3
This essay will examine the work of Jack Spicer through the lens of Federico García Lorca’s homages and his concept of the dark earth inspiration called duende to explore the bonds created through imagined lovers, mostly looking at works proposing relationship through affect, apostrophe, and homoerotics. Spicer communicated with García Lorca in his book After Lorca, which Spicer saw as a direct channeling of the poet and his magic-imbued poetics via translation. In Spicer’s work, anamnesis and homage are attempts to unify the writer with the object of channeling—the “same-like” person with whom the author identifies. The act of imagining or channeling a similar writer into conversation provides a direct link to creativity for Spicer and others like him, who write in the vein of queer magic in order to create and perpetuate lineage and connection to the sexual world despite distances of time and space. Uncovering this perspective within the writings of García Lorca and Spicer allows a deeper and more empathetic rereading of both as queer poets and poets interested in writing-as-magic. This likewise encourages a deeper and fuller imitation of these writers by contemporary kin working into queer lineages.
Archit B Baskaran,Elena Grebenciucova,Thomas Shoemaker,Edith L Graham 대한신경과학회 2023 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.19 No.3
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-driven disease that affects the central nervous system and is characterized by acute-on-chronic demyelination attacks. It is a major cause of global neurological disability, and its prevalence has increased in the United States. Conceptual understandings of MS have evolved over time, including the identification of B cells as key factors in its pathophysiology. The foundation of MS management involves preventing flares so as to avoid long-term functional decline. Treatments may be categorized into low-, middle-, and high-efficacy medications based on their efficacy in relapse prevention. With 24 FDAapproved treatments for MS, individual therapy is chosen based on distinct mechanisms and potential side effects. This review provides a detailed update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment advances, and major ongoing research investigations in MS.
Jeong, Kyung Hun,Israr, Beenish,Shoemaker, Sharon P.,Mills, David A.,Kim, Jaehan The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.7
Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 14869 exhibited a carbon catabolite derepressed phenotype that has ability to consume fermentable sugars simultaneously with glucose. To evaluate this unusual phenotype under harsh conditions during fermentation, the effects of lactic acid and hydrogen ion concentrations on L. brevis ATCC 14869 were examined. Kinetic equations describing the relationship between specific cell growth rate and lactic acid or hydrogen ion concentration were deduced empirically. The change of substrate utilization and product formation according to lactic acid and hydrogen ion concentration in the media were quantitatively described. Although the simultaneous utilization has been observed regardless of hydrogen ion or lactic acid concentration, the preference of substrates and the formation of two-carbon products were changed significantly. In particular, acetic acid present in the medium as sodium acetate was consumed by L. brevis ATCC 14869 under extreme pH of both acid and alkaline conditions.
Down - Regulation of Gene Systems in Higher Plants
Sang Gyu Park,Eberson Calvo,Randy Shoemaker,Robert Thornburg 한국응용생명화학회 1992 한국응용생명화학회 학술발표회 Vol.1992 No.-
Ribozymes (hammerhead and hairpin structures) which suppose to down-regulate GUS or CAT expression were constructed with the wound-inducible pin2K and constitutive CaMV 35S promoters. These ribozyme constructions have been successfully tested against their respective target sequences using in vitro transcription reactions. Transgenic plants were selected on MS medium supplemented with hygromycin B. After these plants flowered, crosses will be made to combine the ribozyme constructs with the following transgenes; 1) the wound-inducible CAT gene and the constitutive GUS gene 2) the wound-inducible GUS gene and the constitutive CAT gene 3) the constitutive CAT gene and the constitutive GUS gene. The level of expression of RNA will be correlated with the level of expression of the reporter protein. In addition, another ribozymes which may attack the viral RNAs (CMV and RBSDV RNAs) were synthesized and put in constructions containing CaMV 35S promoter and nos terminator. Sequence analysis are in progress to make sure the constructions. The resistance of transgenic plants against the viral infections will provide us the another way to develop the virus-resistant plants.
( Kyung Hun Jeong ),( Beenish Israr ),( Sharon P. Shoemaker ),( David A. Mills ),( Jaehan Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.6
Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 14869 exhibited a carbon catabolite derepressed phenotype that has ability to consume fermentable sugars simultaneously with glucose. To evaluate this unusual phenotype under harsh conditions during fermentation, the effects of lactic acid and hydrogen ion concentrations on L. brevis ATCC 14869 were examined. Kinetic equations describing the relationship between specific cell growth rate and lactic acid or hydrogen ion concentration were deduced empirically. The change of substrate utilization and product formation according to lactic acid and hydrogen ion concentration in the media were quantitatively described. Although the simultaneous utilization has been observed regardless of hydrogen ion or lactic acid concentration, the preference of substrates and the formation of two-carbon products were changed significantly. In particular, acetic acid present in the medium as sodium acetate was consumed by L. brevis ATCC 14869 under extreme pH of both acid and alkaline conditions.