서울시내 고등학교 위탁급식의 급식비와 투자비의 실태 및 위탁업체의 기대수준 비교 분석

양일선,배환미,김현아,신서영,조미나,박수연,차진아,이보숙 한국식생활문화학회 2002 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.17 No.5

The purposes of this study were to a) find out the operational characteristics of the contract-managed highschool foodservice in Seoul, b) investigate the expected level of meal-price and facilities investment cost perceived by contract-managed highschool foodservice managers c) compare the present level and expected level of meal-price and facilities investment cost. From October 12 to November 13 in 2001, the questionnaires were mailed to 249 high schools which was managed by contract foodservice company with respondent rate 40.2%. Data were analyzed using SPSS Win(10.0) for descriptive analysis and one group paired t-test. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The student enrollment of highschools run by contract-managed foodservice was 1,243 with 72.6% participation rate of school lunch program. The average meal-price was 2,138 won. The average annual period of school foodservice operation was 156.78 days per year. The average contracting period was about 3 years. 2. The average cost concerned in the facilities investment amounts 169,578,180 won at the initial investment and 25,204,092 won at the repairs and maintenance cost in the course of operation. 3. The present level of meal-price and facilities investment cost were respectively 2,136won/meal and 171,157,336.72 won. And expected level.of meal-price and amount of facilities investment cost were 2,418.75 won and 121,353,215.19 won. Comparing the present level with expected level of the meal-price and facilities investment cost, expected level of meal-price was significantly higher than the present level of meal-price(p<.001) and expected level of facilities investment cost was significantly lower than present level of facilities investment cost(p<.001).

步行 動作의 生體力學的 分析

서국웅,윤양진,이중숙 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1993 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

This thesis makes use of kinematic and kinetic method to analyze walking movement with a 16 mm high speed camera, a force platform, and EMG system. The subjects for the research were 6 high school students, 2 of whom were skilled race walkers, 2 skilled runners, and 2 unskilled average students in each sex. The mechanism of walking locomotive pattern was measured by a motion analyses are as follows: 1) Too much flexing of the ankle joint can cause damage as it brings about the dispersion of power energy and forces too much burden on the ankle. 2) The analysis of the ground reaction force shows that the M-shaped curve of the vertical G.R.F. was almost the same as that of the previous studies. The skilled race walkers and runner recorded the shorter supporting time, 0.62 second, in comparison with 0.72 second recorded by average students. 3) The anteroposterior G.R.F. in walking is considered most desirable when it minimizes the breaking power at touch-down, but maximizes the driving force at take-off. 4) From EMG analysis, it is known that the activity voltage of vastus medialis is very high while walking and higher in male students than in female students. This seems to result from well-developed muscles of the male students. 5) The walker has the most correct walking locomotion when he moves his hip joint or knee joint gently with his body upright and his eyes kept ahead.

步速變化에 따른 미끄러짐의 생체역학적 연구

서국웅,윤양진,서국은,이중숙,김용재,이언석,이훈식 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study was to analyze walking steps to prevent unnecessary energy consuming and prevention of injury from sliding when someone was walking. The questionnaire, high speed video system, E.M.G. system, and force platform system were used to analyze sliding mechanism in biomechanical perspective. Several results were found as following: 1. According to questionnaire regarding sliding, 93.3% of participants have sliding experiences. People have sliding experiences by greasy floor(48.4%) and obstacle (22.5%). Sliding types were found from different kinds of shoes such as sneakers (48.8%) and boots (34.2%). The results were presented as following 44.6% of participants were fall down front direction and 40.3% of people fell down rear side. 2. According to the high speed video system analyzer, step sliding increased with increasing step speed from distance and acceleration speed experiment with 80 steps/min, 100 steps/min, 120 steps/min. Also, the most sliding were occurred with sneakers, boots, and bare feet as order. 3. According to E.M.G. test results, the vastus lateralis M., the vastus medialis m., and the tibialis anterior m. of electric action potential presented strongly when participants fell front, rear, and right side. The vastus lateralis m. and the tibialis anterior m. of electric action potential presented strongly when someone fell left side, but the vastus medialis m. and the gastrocnemius m. of electirc action potential presented as weaker. 4. According to the force platform test results, the most big change of floor antipower of x-axis presented when someone fell the left side. The most of big change of floor antipower of y-axis presented when someone fell down rear side. The most of big change of floor antipower of z-axis presented similarly when someone fell the front, rear, left, and right side.

추간판 탈출의 기질 흡수에 관한 혈관 신생과 대식구의 역할

양진서,허방 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.1

Purposes: This study is performed to establish the histologic characteristics of matrix resorption in herniated intervertebral disc and to evaluate the role of neovascularization and macrophage infiltration, in especially concerning symptom duration and radiologic type of disc herniation. Materials & methods: Total seventy-two cases of herniated disc including protrusion 26, extrusion 24, and sequestration 22 cases were selected. The scales of matrix resorption, and vascularization were devided into 4 groups according to the extent and grade of each histologic changes. Through immunohistochemical staining (LSAB method) with monoclonal antibody CD34 (Neomarker, USA) and CD68 (DAKO, Denmark) in serial sections of paraffin embedded tissues, the expression of CD34 and CD68 in herniated discs was evaluated. Results: The incidence of matrix resorption and cell degeneration was 54.2%, which was markedly increased in prolonged (more than 1 month) symptom duration group and protruded or sequestrated type. Neovascularization, highlighted with CD 34 expression tends to be random and marginal, CD68 expressed macrophages were noted in well-vascularized region. Microvessel density (MVD) calculated by CD34 expression and CD68 expression in cases of matrix resorption were also pronounced in prolonged symptom duration group and protruded or sequestrated type. Conclusion: The authors confirm an important role of angiogenesis and macrophages in matrix resorption of disc herniation, especially in clinically prolonged and more severely herniated cases.

관상동맥 누공에 의한 급성 심근 경색 1예

서유승,최재웅,송창섭,조용범,양진수,박준섭,정인수 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회지 Vol.65 No.2

관상동맥 동정맥루 기형은 매우 드문 질환으로 치료가 불필요한 경우가 대부분이나 coronary steal 현상으로 인해 증상이 발생하거나 합병증이 발생한 환자에 대해선 치료를 요한다. 최근에는 시술에 적합한 누공을 가진 선택된 환자군을 대상으로 카테터를 이용한 중재적 시술이 시행되어 수술적 치료와 유사한 결과를 얻고 있다. 저자들은 젊은 남자에서 관상동맥 동정맥루 기형과 동반된 급성 심근 경색증을 진단하여 비 수술적 방법인 카테타 코일 색전술로 성공적 치료 후 증상 및 심근 재관류에 호전을 보인 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. We report a case of coronary fistula between the left anterior descending and main pulmonary artery complicating acute non-Q wave myocardial infarction. A 27-year-old man visited emergency department because of severe chest pain lasting two hours. The electrocardiogram showed ST segment elevation in precordial leads V3~6. Cardiac enzymes were as follows;CK-MB:36.44 IU/L T-T:0.489 ng/mL, CPK:542 IU/L, and LDH:475 IU/L. The thallium-201 dipyridamole stress perfusion scan showed perfusion defect and reversed redistribution in the anteroseptal wall. The coronary angiogram revealed coronary artery fistula between the proximal left anterior descending artery and main pulmonary artery without significant stenoses of coronary arteries. The result of ergonovine test was negative. After micro-coil embolization to the coronary fistula, symptoms were improved. Follow-up thallium-201 scan showed normalized blood flow in the left anteroseptal wall.

에어로빅 댄스 Kick 동작의 운동역학적 분석

서국웅,이훈식,윤양진,정미라,박승범 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the front and side Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force's of Knee-up, long-kick and high-kick, the effect of them speed rate on Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force, and the damage factor caused by them, and to provide useful data for ordinary people or athlete aerobic programs. The result of this study is as follows ; 1. Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force is not significant between the front and the side. 2. Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force is significant between differences of speed rate. 3. Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force, speed and direction being equal, is significant according to the motion types: knee-up, long-kick and high-kick. 4. The possibility of causing damage is the highest when Maximum Vertical Ground Reaction Force is more than 20BW/sec. 5. High-kick, which needs quick and heavy motion, is considered not be fit for beginners. 6. Load-rate must be lowered by choosing adequate speed rate and motion type, and even in the career of skilled athletes, enough exercise and muscle strength training of legs are necessary in doing aerobic.

成人男子의 體格, 身體構成 및 上腕의 方向別 筋力에 관한 硏究

梁點紅,尹良津,徐國段 부산대학교 사범대학 1991 교사교육연구 Vol.22 No.-

신발유형별 보행동작의 운동역학적 동작분석

서국웅,윤양진,김용재,이훈식,유경복 부산대학교 사범대학 1995 교사교육연구 Vol.30 No.-

The purpose of this study was to prepare some useful data for the prevention of injury caused by shoes when female was walking. Kinematic variables were analyzed with the aid of the visual materials filmed with a 16mm high speed camera, such as angular changes of joints, displacement, velocity, and momentum of the center of body gravity. The subjects for the research were normal 4 female high school students: The analytic results of the mechanism of each locomotion pattern were as follows: 1. It is desirable Kinematically that the dispersion of power should not be caused in the movement of lower-legs by keeping natural flexion and extension of joint. 2. Too much vertical displacement of the center of body gravity was thought undesirable because it caused the dispersion of power against the moving direction. To get some propulsion in the moving direction, it was efficient to use as much energy as possible from 8 F-F support phase to the toe-off. And also the center of body gravity was moved by the inertia just after toe-off. 3. The correct walking motion occurred when the walker moved their hip joint or knee joint gently with their upper body upright and their eyes looking around. 4. In order to lengthen the stride it was essential to practice intensively the flexion of the hip joint, extension of knee and plantar flexion of ankle joint. 5. It was proved that in race walking, they could get much greater propulsion from the flexion of the ankle joint than from the hip joint or the knee joint. It was, therefore, very important to train walkers so that the initial planter flexion of the ankle joint might occur from 6 F-F of the supporting phase. 6. The flexion of the ankle joint produced the added propulsion in the moving direction but the excessive flexion increased energy consumption and caused strain on the ankle joint because it dispersed power in moving the center of body gravity. 7. It was desirable to narrow the ankle of the flexion of the hip and knee joints because it could speed up revolutions per minute of the lower limb through lessening the inertia of the revolutions. The angle made by knee joint was desirable for getting the greatest propulsion in the moving direction. 8. High heel was lower than barefoot or jogging shoes in the displacement of the center of body gravity. This result showed that the displacement of the center of body gravity was made safe by lowering the flexion and extension of knee joint.

중량단계별 상지근육의 근전도 패턴 분석

서국웅,윤양진,이훈식,정미라,이창민 한국운동역학회 1999 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 중량을 들고 걷는 자세에서의 근육의 전위 활동을 분석하기 위해 P대학 체육학과 남 · 여 대학원생 중 오른손 사용자 5명에게 각각 5㎏, 10㎏, 15㎏, 20㎏, 25㎏의 중량물 운반시의 좌 · 우 상지의 각각 4개 부위에 대한 근육 전위 활동을 측정하여 비교 분석함으로써 성인 남 · 여에 있어서 적절한 중량들기의 한계치를 파악함은 물론, 중량들기로 인한 일상의 상해예방을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 분석결과 5 · 10 · 15 · 20 · 25㎏의 중량물 운반시 상지근 대부분의 근육의 전위 활동은 여자가 남자보다 높게 나타났으며 중량이 무거워질수록 남자는 좌측 상완이두근과 상완요골근, 여자는 우측 상완이두근과 상완요골근이 주동근으로 사용되었고 여자에 비해 남자의 좌측 주동근의 근육 전위 활동이 높게 나타나 좌 · 우 평형유지에 힘든 요인으로 분석되었다. 또한 중량이 무거워질수록 여자 우측 요골근의 근육 전위 활동이 여자 상완요골근과 남자 좌 · 우측 상완요골근에 비해 높게 나타난 것은 몸 바깥쪽의 근 사용으로 효율적인 중량물 운반이 이루어지지 않음으로써 허리에 부담을 주거나 편중된 근 사용으로 인한 상해유발과 국소적인 근피로 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 중량들기 적정한계치는 남자는 25㎏, 여자는 15㎏으로 나타났다. This study is to investigate the most suitable models of load carriage and to provide fundamental data for preventing usual injuries. we selected five male graduates and five female graduates of P university, analyze their amplitude chages of electromyographic signals in front carring task, measure the limit value of load carriage by comparing each levels(5㎏, 10㎏, 15㎏, 20㎏, 25㎏) with action amplitudes of four parts of both arm muscle. In case of 5㎏ · 10㎏ · 15㎏ · 20㎏ · 25㎏ carriage, females have higher muscular conductivity value in most muscles of both arm than males. Males is used agonistic muscle left biceps brachii and musculi brachioradalis , also females is used agonistic muscle right biceps brachii and musculi brachioradalis. Males have higher muscluar conductivity value in left agonistic muscle than females according as load is heavier, it is shown to be to difficult the male to keep balance. The heavier load, the higher muscluar conductivity value of right musculi brachioradalis in females than musculi brachioradalis in females and musculi brachioradalis at both side in males. The result of as shown above, Since the way of load carriage is not effective caused by using the muscle at outside of the body. The localized muscle fatigue and injury would often occurred caused of taken overload at waist or using the specific muscle.

부산시 학교체육시설과 체육공원시설의 안전도 조사

서국웅,조원민,윤양진,이훈식,정미라 한국운동역학회 1999 한국운동역학회지 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구에서는 부산광역시에 소재한 초,중,고등학교 72개교와 체육공원 9개소의 체육시설을 대상으로 현장을 직접 방문하여 안전도 측면에서 체육시설의 상태를 양호, 보통, 불량으로 나누어 20명의 조사자가 객관적인 관점에서 체육시설을 항목별로 구분한 것을 토대로 평가 하였고 또한 체육시설에 대한 실측이 필요로 하는 것은 정확한 측정을 하여 문제점을 분석하였다. 그 결과 학교체육시설은 시설의 설치와 관리상태 그리고 정비에 대한 관심이 안전도 측면에서 학생들이나 일반인들이 이용할 때 최적의 체육시설을 이용할 수 있도록 학교와 교사 그리고 행정기관에서 적극적인 재정지원과 관심이 요구되었고 체육공원시설은 질적인 면만이 아니라 양적으로도 고려가 되어야 하고 무엇보다도 수요자 중심으로 다양한 연령층을 고려하여 사회체육의 저변확대에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 체육공원시설은 누구나 쉽게 접할 수 있는 배치와 설계가 이루어짐으로서 지역사회의 주민이 체육활동을 할 수 있는 기회를 쉽게 제공하여야 할 것이다. 또한 기존의 공원체육 시설이 안전도 측면에서 양호한 수준으로 되기까지는 행정기관의 적극적인 관심과 경제적인 지원이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 본다. 결론적으로 체육시설은 안전도를 고려하여 설계되고 배치되어야 한다. 또한 누구나 안전하게 이용할 수 있도록 고려되어짐으로서 운동으로 인한 안전사고를 최대한 예방할 수 있을 것으로 본다. This study investigates and examines exercise facilities of 72 elementary and secondary school and 9 athletic parks all over the city of Pusan, and estimates their human-engineering aspects according to researcher's subjective standards(low, mid, and high level). It also finds out and analyzes items which needs measurement and estimation in exercise facilities, and concludes as follows: 1) In the case of exercise facilities in schools, more active attention must be given to their erection and control, and their constant checking and repair. Safety accident must also be prevented by providing optimal exercise facilities made in human-engineering way with students and ordinary people using them. Therefore, both school administrator and teachers must pay much mort attention to exercise facilities on schools and more much money must be invested for them. 2) In the case of exercise facilities of athletic parks, their quantity as well as qu must be emphasized, and, above all, safe user-centered exercise facilities must be designed and manufactured on the basis of the safety, and be provided with the people of different ages.