<가짜열녀이야기>의 형성 맥락과 전승 의미

곽성민(Kwak Sung Min) 한국문학회 2016 韓國文學論叢 Vol.74 No.-

본 연구는 <가짜열녀이야기>를 다각도로 살펴, 이야기를 구전한 사람들의 생각을 알아 보는 것을 목적으로 한다. <가짜열녀이야기>는 조선후기 생성, 전승된 열녀이야기 중 하나로 당대의 사회적 병폐를 여과없이 드러냈다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 특히 이 이야기만의 독특한 서사구조를 통해 조선후기 사회의 한 단면을 구체적으로 보이고 있기 때문에, 그 서사구조와 전승양상으로 당시 민중들의 의식을 파악할 수 있다. 첫째, <가짜열녀이야기>는 대부분이 유사한 서사구조를 공유하며 구전되고 있기 때문에 처음 형성될 당시의 서사구조가 큰 변화 없이 굳어져 현재까지 전승되고 있다. 그래서 공통적인 서사구조를 바탕으로 다른 설화와의 연관관계를 살필 수 있다. 이로 볼 때, <가짜열녀이야기>는 아지설화와의 영향관계 아래 형성된 것으로 파악된다. 둘째, <가짜열녀이야기>의 전승의식을 정확하게 연구하기 위해서는 중심 인물인 현풍곽씨 가문의 어린아이와 박문수 사이에서 벌어지는 사건들을 중심으로 살펴보아야 한다. 특히 <가짜열녀이야기>는 대부분이 현풍곽씨와 결부되어 나타나기 때문에 그 이유를 정확하게 연구할 필요가 있다. 이것은 먼저 현풍 곽씨 가문에 대한 비판적 인식이다. 조선 후기 열녀를 대표하는 가문으로 전국적인 위상을 자랑하고 있던 현풍 곽씨 가문이었기 때문에 그에 대한 대항적 의식의 하나로 그들을 비판하고 있다. 겉으로 드러나는 의식은 현풍 곽씨에 대한 비판이지만 실상 현풍곽씨를 상징적으로 활용하여 당대의 폐단에 대한 비판적 의식을 가진 것이다. 셋째, 여성을 철저하게 타자화시키고 남성적 시각으로 서사 전반을 전개시키고 있는 이유에 대한 고찰이 필요하다. 조선 후기 열녀는 대부분이 죽음으로 완성된다. 초기의 열녀는 유교적 덕목의 실천만으로도 정려를 받았다면, 두 번의 전쟁이 있은 후 죽음이 곧 열녀라는 인식이 생기면서 열녀 정려에 허술함이 생겨버렸다. <가짜열녀이야기>에서도 간부가 손쉽게 정려를 받는 것은 죽었기 때문이다. 이러한 열녀 정려에 대한 허술함을 사람들은 비판하고 있다. The purpose of this study is to search in various ways the thoughts of the people who handed down orally <Sham heroine tales>. <Sham heroine tales> is one of the heroin tales which had been made and handed down orally in the late Jeoson dynasty. It has an important meaning that revealed social ills of the time. Especially it reveals specifically a section of the society in the late Joeson dynasty with a unique narrative structure, we can find out people s consciousness by the unique narrative structure and transmitter s aspect. First, Because most of <Sham heroine tales> had been handed down orally sharing similar narrative structure, the narrative structure of the beginning of at that time has been transmitted until now without a great change. So, we can identify a link between <Sham heroine tales> and other folk tales based on a common narrative structure. Judging from this, it is seized that <Sham heroine tales> was built under <Children s Wisdom story> s influence. Second, it needs to examin around the incidents between a child of Hyeonpung kwak s family and Park munsu who are the main characters to study accurately the transmitter s consciousness. Especially because <Sham heroine tales> is linked with Hyeonpung kwak‘s family, the reason is to be studied. In the first place, the main reason is critical perception about Hyeonpung kwak s family. Because Hyeonpung kwak s family that had a high position throughout the country represented virtuous women in the late Jeoson dynasty, it is revealed a criticism against Hyeonpung kwak s family. In fact, it revealed a criticism against negative effects at that time, albeit Hyeonpung kwak s family comes up to the surface by using Hyeonpung kwak s family symbolically. Third, It needs an exact understanding about the act burning Bound by Chastity Rule. Most of the virtuous women in the late Jeoson dynasty concluded by death. Though in the early, a virtuous woman got commendation as practicing confucian virtue, after two wars assignment of the qualification of a virtuous woman became loose appearing a perception that death equals a virtuous woman. In <Sham heroine tales> a wicked woman got easily commendation with death. So people criticize slackness of a virtuous woman commendation.

신식민지주의에서 신자유주의까지

곽재성(Kwak, Jae-Sung) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2013 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.26 No.2

This paper assesses the research of the late Dr. Sung-Hyong Rhee which he carried out as a political scientist. However, it is not within the scope of this paper to provide an assessment of the scientific significance of Rhee’s work, focusing instead on highlighting his contributions to the debates that have significantly enhanced the robustness of the field of academic Latin American studies in Korea. First, Rhee’s work started from a neo-colonial approach to the interrelationships among the different elements within Latin American social systems, a main research theme of his early career. Second, Rhee’s efforts moved toward critical evaluation of the impact of neoliberalism on development in Latin America, one of the key determinants of the political economy of the region. Fourth, we give special attention to the way in which Rhee forecasted the future of Latin America. Last, but not least, Rhee’s enthusiasm for the humanities and its influence on his work is emphasized, leading to his characterization as an ‘inter-disciplinary’ and ‘reader-friendly’ scholar. Rhee was outstanding in that he enjoyed sharing his ideas and knowledge not only with his colleagues but also with common people. In this manner he cultivated a mass audience and made area studies accessible to the public, by carrying out a fundamental shift in the approach to his research objects. However, this transformational approach has made him subject to criticisms for Dr. Rhee’s supposed weakness in theoretical approach and methodological maturity, although these would surely have been overcome in the years to come had he remained with us longer.

Case of Cargo Collided with Unlicensed Vehicle

Kwak,Young-Arm,Cho,Young-Sang 한국유통과학회 2019 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2019 No.-

If a contracting goods destroyed or delivered lately, seller, buyer and carrier duly faces a lot of big trouble that causes in turn claims of cargo and indemnification on the basis of both sales agreement (contract) and transit agreement. In view of this, this study analyzes case of accident between cargo truck and rental car in South Korea. From this, with a view to reducing any possible accidents caused by unlicensed driver and an illegal use of other’s name, particularly by teenage, this paper proposes some ideas.

산업디자인 지적재산권 출원의 정량적 판단 기준을 위한 디자인 선행조사 방안에 관한 연구

곽상수 ( Sang Soo¸ Kwak ) 한국지식재산연구원 2009 지식재산연구 Vol.4 No.2

최근 기업체들은 자체 디자인 개발 및 제품의 가치향상을 위해 디자인에 역점을 두고 있다. 이러한 추세에 따라 히트상품에 대한 우수한 디자인의 권리를 선점하고자 디자인 출원이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 기업체의 디자인에 대한 관심과 디자인 출원에 비해, 실제적으로 디자인권 권리범위에 대해서 검증할 만한 지적재산권 자료와 시스템을 갖추지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 상황은 대기업도 예외가 아니다. 우리나라 디자인권에 대한 자료는 현재 한국특허정보원에서 운영하는 KIPRIS(www.kipris.or.kr)에서 국내정보를 수집하고, 해외자료는 기업체마다 별도의 외국기업 및 인터넷을 통해 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 요즘은 시대의 변화에 따라 디자인 출원인들이 디자인권 하나만 보호를 받으려고 하는 것이 아니라, 폭넓은 권리를 주장하기 위하여 같은 창작내용을 최대한 활용 및 모디파이하여 실용신안, 디자인, 도형상표, 저작권 등 여러 가지의 권리를 동시에 권리화하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이러한 추세는 앞으로 계속 이어질 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 기업체의 디자이너들이 디자인 개발에 필요한 정보수집과 지적재산권에 대한 권리화에 필요한 자료를 수집하고 이를 활용하는 방안에 있어서, 정부 및 공공기관이 구축해 놓은 시스템에 관한 디자인정보나 일반 디자인 DB정보의 소개를 통해 디자인권 등록을 할 때 원하는 자료와 서비스를 쉽고 정확하게 이용하는 방법을 소개하고 지적재산권 디자인 DB의 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 지적재산권 디자인 DB와 일반 디자인 DB에 대한 디자인정보를 수집하는 방법을 분석하였고, 디자인정보를 바탕으로 각국의 기업체 및 공공기관에서 디자인 대민서비스 제공에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 기업체는 제품개발 전에 디자인정보를 바탕으로 디자인 출원 동향분석, 기본·디자인 분석, 디자인권 분쟁 분석, 최근 디자인권 분쟁 이슈, 최신인터넷 공지 디자인 분석 등 디자인 시스템을 통해 제공되는 콘텐츠를 충분히 활용하여 지적산권 확보 및 분쟁을 미연에 방지하고자 그 목적을 두고자 한다. 본 연구는 산업디자인 지적재산권 출원의 정량적 판단 기준을 위한 디자인 선행조사방안에 관한 연구를 위해 먼저 산업디자인과 지적재산권과의 관계를 이해하고, 지적재산권 디자인 DB와 일반 디자인 DB의 온라인서비스 현황을 분석하였다. 또한 지적재산권 디자인 DB에 대한 일본을 비롯한 국내외 온라인서비스 현황 분석 및 대민서비스의 서비스 상품분석을 통해 디자인정보 활용방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 이를 토대로 디자인정보 활용의 최적화를 위한 디자인 선행조사 방안을 제안하고 실제 제품에 대한적용 사례를 선보여 산업디자인 지적재산권 출원의 정량적 판단 기준을 위한 디자인 선행조사 방안에 관해 새로운 방법론을 제안했다. The purpose of this study is to suggest the way to activate design database of intellectual property rights to help a designer at a company collect information for design development and intellectual property rights. This study presents the method of using data and services easily and accurately when design rights are registered through introducing the design information of systems built by governments or public organizations, or general design database information. This study also compares industrial design with intellectual property rights, and analyzes the method of collecting design information in the design database of intellectual property rights and general design database. Moreover on demand service and on-line service at a company or a public organization of each country including Japan and other major countries is analyzed on the basis of the design information. Therefore, this study suggests the method of design prior search to maximize the use of design information practically and presents the utilized examples.

반응표면을 활용한 통계적 모멘트 추정 방법과 신뢰도해석에 적용

허재성(Jae-Sung Huh),곽병만(Byung-Man Kwak) 대한기계학회 2004 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2004 No.11

A new and efficient method for estimating the statistical moments of a system performance function has been developed. The method consists of two steps: (1) An approximate response surface is generated by a quadratic regression model, and (2) the statistical moments of the regression model are then calculated by experimental design techniques proposed by Seo and Kwak⑷. In this approach, the size of experimental region affects the accuracy of the statistical moments. Therefore, the region size should be selected suitably. The D-optimal design and the central composite design are adopted over the selected experimental region for the regression model. Finally, the Pearson system is adopted to decide the distribution type of the system performance function and to analyze structural reliability.

Peripheral Blood NK Cells Reflect Changes in Decidual NK Cells in Women With Recurrent Miscarriages

Park, Dong Wook,Lee, Hyun Joo,Park, Chan Woo,Hong, Sung Ran,Kwak-Kim, Joanne,Yang, Kwang Moon Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 American journal of reproductive immunology Vol.63 No.2

<P><B>Citation</B> Park DW, Lee HJ, Park CW, Hong SR, Kwak-Kim J, Yang KM. Peripheral blood NK cells reflect changes in decidual NK cells in women with recurrent miscarriages. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 173–180</P><P>Problem </P><P>We aimed to investigate if peripheral blood natural killer (pNK) cell levels are correlated with decidual NK (dNK) cell levels, and if chemokine expression has any role in dNK cell regulation.</P><P>Method of study </P><P>Decidual tissues of women having two or more miscarriages with normal karyotype were collected after miscarriage and an immuno-histochemisty study was made. pNK cells were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis.</P><P>Results </P><P>The %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP> and %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP>/16<SUP>+</SUP> pNK cells showed a significant correlation with mean number of CD56<SUP>+</SUP> dNK cells. The number of decidual CD16<SUP>+</SUP> cells was significantly higher in women with elevated pNK (≥15%) than that of normal pNK (<15%). The %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP> and %CD3<SUP>−</SUP>/56<SUP>+</SUP>/16<SUP>+</SUP> pNK cells showed an inverse correlation with duration of gestation. The CCL3<SUP>+</SUP> and CXCL12<SUP>+</SUP> cells were present in the decidua; however, staining intensity was not correlated with number of dNK cells.</P><P>Conclusion </P><P>The pNK cell levels reflect changes in dNK cell levels. This implicates that pNK cell level is a clinically useful marker to predict pregnancy outcome. Further study is needed to examine if elevated pNK cells enhance recruitment of dNK cells in the decidua.</P>

Effects of β-Lapachone on Gastric Secretion

Yun-Bae Kim, Dongsun Park, In Geun Cho, Yun-Hui Yang, Jangbeen Kyung, Dajeong Kim, Ehn-Kyoung Choi, Tae Hwan Kwak3, Sang Ku Yoo 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.3

The effects of β-lapachone on gastric secretion were investigated. The pylorus of male Sprague-Dawley rats was ligated and intraduodenally injected with β-lapachone, and the volume, pH, free HCl, and total acidity of gastric fluid were measured 6 hours after the operation. Treatment with β-lapachone resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of gastric secretion Gastric fluid was reduced to 42.9% of control level by 100 mg/kg of β-lapachone, leading to an increase of pH to 6.70 from 1.85 in the control group. In parallel with the increase of pH, at this dosage, free HCl and total acidity decreased to 16.7% and 12.0%, respectively, of control levels. β-Lapachone exhibited ED50 values of 72, 46, and 47 mg/kg for inhibition of gastric volume, free HCl, and total acidity, respectively, implying a superior efficacy on gastric acid to volume. In comparison, pantoprazole (30 mg/kg) reduced the volume, free HCl and total acidity of gastric fluid to 53.0%, 26.0%, and 25.0%, respectively, of control levels, resulting in an increase in pH to 6.36. In the current study, it was confirmed that β-lapachone at an appropriate dose (100 mg/kg) exerted a higher inhibitory effect on gastric secretion than pantoprazole (30 mg/kg), a well-known proton-pump inhibitor. Therefore, it is suggested that β-lapachone could be a candidate compound for prevention or treatment of gastric ulcers induced by diverse psychological and physical stimuli.

Direct Conversion of Mouse Fibroblasts into Induced Neural Stem Cells

Sung Min Kim,Tae Hwan Kwak,Jung Hyun Im,You Jung Choi,Dong Wook Han 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2014 한국동물번식학회 한중일 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.1

Novel wound dressing based on cellulose membranes originated from Styela clava tunics accelerated the healing process of surgical wound in the skin of SD rats

Sung Hwa Song,Ji Eun Kim,Moon Hwa Kwak,Jun Go,Eun Kyoung Ko,Ji Eun Seong,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2014 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.8

Triboelectrification-Induced Large Electric Power Generation from a Single Moving Droplet on Graphene/Polytetrafluoroethylene

Kwak, Sung Soo,Lin, Shisheng,Lee, Jeong Hwan,Ryu, Hanjun,Kim, Tae Yun,Zhong, Huikai,Chen, Hongsheng,Kim, Sang-Woo American Chemical Society 2016 ACS NANO Vol.10 No.8

<P>Recently, several reports have demonstrated that a moving droplet of seawater or ionic solution over monolayer graphene produces an electric power of about 19 nW, and this has been suggested to be a result of the pseudocapacitive effect between graphene and the liquid droplet. Here, we show that the change in the triboelectrification-induced pseudocapacitance between the water droplet and monolayer graphene on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) results in a large power output of about 1.9 mu W, which is about 100 times larger than that presented in previous research. During the graphene transfer process, a very strong negative triboelectric potential is generated on the surface of the PTFE. Positive and negative charge accumulation, respectively, occurs on the bottom and the top surfaces of graphene due to the triboelectric potential, and the negative charges that accumulate on the top surface of graphene are driven forward by the moving droplet, charging and discharging at the front and rear of the droplet.</P>