Energy Efficient Localization Algorithm With Improved Accuracy in Cognitive Radio Networks

Saeed, Nasir,Haewoon Nam IEEE 2017 IEEE communications letters Vol.21 No.9

<P>An energy efficient localization algorithm with high accuracy for the cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is proposed in this letter. The key idea underlying this proposed algorithm is to provide the optimal transmission range for secondary users (SUs) to minimize the power consumption of the overall CRNs. Since energy efficiency is a key factor to consider in designing a node in the CRNs, location information of primary users (PUs) and SUs is valuable to calculate the optimal transmission range so that a spectrally efficient CRN can opportunistically take advantage of the spectrum with no or little interference to the PUs. In addition, the optimal positions of the SUs with known location are determined to improve the final localization accuracy for the whole CRN, which enables the optimal transmission range to be obtained. Thereby, the users in the CRN are localized with minimum energy consumption for a given target root mean square error. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by showing the optimal transmission range for various number of users in the network.</P>

A Survey on Multidimensional Scaling

Saeed, Nasir,Nam, Haewoon,Haq, Mian Imtiaz Ul,Muhammad Saqib, Dost Bhatti Association for Computing Machinery 2018 ACM computing surveys Vol.51 No.3

Perception of Electronic News Media of Pakistan in the Digital Age

Saeed, Muzammil,Farooq, Tayyab,Khan, Muazam Ali,Mahmood, Nasir Center for Asian Public Opinion ResearchCollaborat 2021 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.9 No.3

The news and views of Pakistani television channels are extensively shared on digital media for information or analysis where the general public discusses overt and covert agendas by mentioning their factual and presentational style. This study contributes to the contemporary studies of media perception through focus group interviews with 72 randomly selected master's and bachelor's students studying Media and Communication at the School of Media and Communication Studies, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan to provide information about the feelings and observations of future journalists and media literates. In summary, the findings of our research exposed the negative perception of Pakistani electronic media among the participants due to what they perceived as biased, inaccurate, and unethical reporting.

Synthesis of Novel Quinoxalinone Derivatives by Conventional and Microwave Methods and Assessing their Biological Activity

Waqar Nasir,Munawar Ali Munawar,Ejaz Ahmed,Ahsan Sharif,Saeed Ahmed,Amjad Ayub,Misbahul Ain Khan,Faizul Hassan Nasim 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.10

In this study, twenty-one arylaminoquinoxalinone derivatives were synthesized and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococci aureus, Pseudomonas aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella pneumoniae were evaluated relative to known antibiotics; augmentin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol. The insecticidal activities of the prepared compounds were also investigated against Tribolium castaneum using permethrin as a standard insecticide. The derivatives were synthesized using both conventional and microwave techniques. Their structures were confirmed using spectral techniques and elemental analysis.

Primary user localisation and uplink resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access cognitive radio systems

Haewoon Nam,Saeed, Nasir,Ben-Ghorbel, Mand,Alouini, Mohamed Slim IET 2015 IET COMMUNICATIONS Vol.9 No.8

<P>In cognitive radio networks, secondary users (SUs) can share spectrum with primary users (PUs) under the condition that no interference is caused to the PUs. To evaluate the interference imposed to the PUs, the cognitive systems discussed in the literature usually assume that the channel state information (CSI) of the link from a secondary transmitter to a primary receiver (interference link) is known at the secondary transmitter. However, this assumption may often be impractical in cognitive radio systems, since the PUs need to be oblivious to the presence of the SUs. The authors first discuss PU localisation and then introduce an uplink resource allocation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiple access-based cognitive radio systems, where relative location information between primary and SUs is used instead of CSI of the interference link to estimate the interference. Numerical and simulation results show that it is indeed effective to use location information as a part of resource allocation and thus a near-optimal capacity is achieved.</P>

UAVs-assisted passive source localization using robust TDOA ranging for search and rescue

Ruhul Amin Khalil,Nasir Saeed,Muhannad Almutiry 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.4

Mobile connections and applications are growing unprecedentedly with the advent and increasing popularity of wireless services worldwide, which greatly increases the demands on data traffic. This led to considering millimeter-wave bands and ultra-dense deployment as part of the key enabler solutions in 5G networks. However, these solutions radically increase the number of handovers (HOs), thus increasing the rate of unnecessary HO and dropping call probabilities. In this regard, optimizing HO control parameters appropriately is the main factor that can efficiently address HO issues during user mobility. This paper proposes a fuzzy-coordinated self-optimizing HO scheme to achieve a seamless HO while users move in multi-radio access networks. The proposed scheme resolves the conflict between mobility robustness and load balancing functions by utilizing a fuzzy system considering three input parameters: signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, cell load and UE speed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme manages to control the mobility optimization in terms of ping-pong HO, radio link failure and HO latency over different mobile speed scenarios. Moreover, the proposed scheme reduces the outage probability compared to other schemes from literature.

Energy-efficient anchor activation protocol for non-cooperative localization of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

Khalil Ruhul Amin,Saeed Nasir,Almutiry Muhannad,Alenezi Ali Hamdan 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.5

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) necessitates low-latency and ultra-reliable communication to support various applications. Besides, the data generated in IIoT must be geo-tagged to take location-aware timely actions. Therefore, this paper proposes an accurate and energy-efficient localization scheme for localizing the devices in IIoT. We introduce a novel anchor activation protocol for the non-cooperative localization of IIoT devices. The proposed method is sequential, distributed, and error adaptive, that first performs distributed scheduling followed by adaptive selection. This distributed localization scheme is well-suited for IIoT due to the non-cooperative nature of the devices; however, at the same time, it is more challenging because no centralized node can disseminate the anchors’ network information. Therefore, the anchors rely only on the local information from other anchors in their vicinity. The distributed approach can significantly benefit such networks because the centralized node can be a system’s bottleneck. Besides the distributed nature, the decision process of anchor selection for localization considers the transmission energy of the anchors to make it energy efficient. Our results show the effectiveness of the proposed method both in terms of localization accuracy and energy efficiency.

Towards 6G Internet of Things: Recent advances, use cases, and open challenges

Zakria Qadir,Khoa N. Le,Nasir Saeed,Hafiz Suliman Munawar 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.3

Smart services based on the Internet of Everything (IoE) are gaining considerable popularity due to the ever-increasing demands of wireless networks. This demands the appraisal of the wireless networks with enhanced properties as next-generation communication systems. Although 5G networks show great potential to support numerous IoE based services, it is not adequate to meet the complete requirements of the new smart applications. Therefore, there is an increased demand for envisioning the 6G wireless communication systems to overcome the major limitations in the existing 5G networks. Moreover, incorporating artificial intelligence in 6G will provide solutions for very complex problems relevant to network optimization. Furthermore, to add further value to the future 6G networks, researchers are investigating new technologies, such as THz and quantum communications. The requirements of future 6G wireless communications demand to support massive data-driven applications and the increasing number of users. Unlike existing works, this paper highlights the recent activities and trends toward 6G technology, network requirement, essential enabling technologies for 6G networks, and a detailed use case analysis between 5G and 6G networks. Moreover, this paper surveys emerging 6G connectivity solutions, such as holographic beamforming, artificial intelligence-enabled IoT networks, edge computing, and backscatter communications to serve smart communities. Furthermore, several future research directions to accomplish 6G-based IoT networks are also highlighted.

Polarization Re-Configurable Antenna with Increase Gain for Small Satellites

Haris Mohammad,Khalil Ruhul Amin,Saeed Nasir 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.6

Future small satellites require the development of reconfi gurable antennas. Designing such antennas, especially single port patch antennas with circular polarization is a challenging task. Therefore, we propose both right-hand/left-hand circularly polarized (RHCP/LHCP) antenna which can reconfi gure. The proposed antenna follows patch topology with E-shape that is single-layer and single-feed with two RF switches. The switches can alter the polarization in real-time. We also show various properties of the proposed antenna, such as radiation pattern, impedance matching, axial ratio, and bandwidth through simulations and measurements. The proposed model shows excellent performance and agrees well with the measurements. The performance of the antenna shows an eff ective bandwidth of 2.45 GHz–2.82 GHz with a maximum gain of 9.88 dB at 2.55 GHz. The symmetry of the antenna radiation is preserved by switching between the LHCP and RHCP polarization modes.

Solitary Skull Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting With a Pus Draining Fistula: An Unusual Presentation and Review of Literature

( Hafiza Hifza Bashir ),( Hafiza Fatima Aziz ),( Faizan Saeed ),( Muhammad Ehsan Bari ),( Nasir Uddin ) 대한뇌종양학회·대한신경종양학회·대한소아뇌종양학회 2024 Brain Tumor Research and Treatment Vol.12 No.2

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare condition in adults, especially when it is limited to a single area of the skull, known as solitary calvarial involvement. In this case report, we present a unique instance of LCH affecting the parietal bone with a pus-draining fistula. This is a rare and unusual presentation at this location, which has been scarcely reported in medical literature. A 30-year-old woman with no prior comorbidity presented with complaints of headache that persisted for a year. She also had swelling on her scalp and a yellowish discharge for 3 weeks, but no neurological problems were observed. Radiology revealed thinning of the calvaria, with ragged margins along the inner table, multiple focal erosions, and involvement of overlying soft tissue and bony sequestrum. The patient underwent biparietal craniotomy and excision of the lesion. The histopathology report showed LCH. After 8 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence. The management of solitary calvarial involvement by LCH with masquerading presentation as a scalp infection can be achieved through complete excision of the lesions, resulting in a favorable outcome.