Determination of ochratoxin A in grains by immuno-ultrafiltration and HPLC-fluorescence detection after postcolumn derivatisation in an electrochemical cell.

Reiter, Elisabeth Viktoria,Cichna-Markl, Margit,Chung, Duck-Hwa,Shim, Won-Bo,Zentek, J?rgen,Razzazi-Fazeli, Ebrahim Springer-Verlag 2011 ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Vol.400 No.8

<P>The paper presents a new sample clean-up method based on immuno-ultrafiltration for the analysis of ochratoxin A in cereals. In contrast to immunoaffinity chromatography, in immuno-ultrafiltration, the antibodies are used in non-immobilised form. Ochratoxin A was extracted with ACN/water (60/40, v/v), and the extract was loaded onto the ultrafiltration device. After a washing step with phosphate-buffered saline, containing 0.05% Tween 20, ochratoxin A was eluted with MeOH/acetic acid (99/1, v/v). The detection of ochratoxin A was carried out with high-performance liquid chromatography and a fluorescence detector coupled to an electrochemical cell (Coring cell). The electrochemical cell was used to eliminate matrix interferences by oxidising matrix compounds. The method was validated by repeatedly analysing spiked barley and rye samples as well as a certified wheat reference material. Recoveries and standard deviations (1 SD) were found to be 71??9%, 77??12% and 77??8% in wheat, barley and rye, respectively. The limit of detection (S/N?=?3) and limit of quantitation (S/N?=?10) were determined to be 0.4 μg kg(-1) and 1 μg kg(-1). The analysis of the certified reference material resulted in ochratoxin A concentrations which were in the range assigned by the producer. Additionally, the effect of the electrochemical cell on other widely used clean-up techniques, namely the immunoaffinity clean-up and multifunctional columns (Mycosep #229), was evaluated. In all clean-up methods, an improvement of the chromatogram quality was registered.</P>

Delivery of pineal melatonin to the brain and SCN: role of canaliculi, cerebrospinal fluid, tanycytes and Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces.

Reiter, Russel J,Tan, Dun Xian,Kim, Seok Joong,Cruz, Maria Helena C Springer Science + Business Media 2014 BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Vol.219 No.6

<P>Historically, the direct release of pineal melatonin into the capillary bed within the gland has been accepted as the primary route of secretion. Herein, we propose that the major route of melatonin delivery to the brain is after its direct release into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the third ventricle (3V). Melatonin concentrations in the CSF are not only much higher than in the blood, also, there is a rapid nocturnal rise at darkness onset and precipitous decline of melatonin levels at the time of lights on. Because melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant, we surmise that the elevated CSF levels are necessary to combat the massive free radical damage that the brain would normally endure because of its high utilization of oxygen, the parent molecule of many toxic oxygen metabolites, i.e., free radicals. Additionally, the precise rhythm of CSF melatonin provides the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, with highly accurate chronobiotic information regarding the duration of the dark period. We predict that the discharge of melatonin directly into the 3V is aided by a number of epithalamic structures that have heretofore been overlooked; these include interpinealocyte canaliculi and evaginations of the posterodorsal 3V that directly abut the pineal. Moreover, the presence of tanycytes in the pineal recess and/or a discontinuous ependymal lining in the pineal recess allows melatonin ready access to the CSF. From the ventricles melatonin enters the brain by diffusion and by transport through tanycytes. Melatonin-rich CSF also circulates through the aqueduct and eventually into the subarachnoid space. From the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain, melatonin penetrates into the deepest portions of the neural tissue via the Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces from where it diffuses into the neural parenchyma. Because of the high level of pineal-derived melatonin in the CSF, all portions of the brain are better shielded from oxidative stress resulting from toxic oxygen derivatives.</P>

The 10^th anniversary of the EU-Korea Strategic partnership

( Michael Reiterer ) 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2021 EU연구 Vol.- No.57

Conscientiousness Is Not Always a Good Predictor of Performance: The Case of Creativity

Roni Reiter-Palmon,Jody J. Illies,Lisa M. Kobe-Cross 대한사고개발학회 2009 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.19 No.2

Meta-analyses investigating the relationship between Conscientiousness and per formance suggest a positive relationship for a variety of criteria. However, recently it has been argued that Conscientiousness is not always a good predictor of performance, particularly for creative performance. Additionally, it has been suggested that Conscientiousness includes two distinct components, achievement and dependability, which may have different relationships with criterion measures. Two studies were conducted to determine whether the components of Conscientiousness predict creativity better than the full factor. Students in each study completed a measure of the Five Factor Model and a measure of creative performance. In the first study, creative accomplishments were measured and in the second study, creative problem solving was measured. As predicted, both studies revealed a cooperative suppression effect when analyzing the conscientiousness components together such that achievement was positively related and dependability negatively related to creative performance. Also, both studies showed that the overall Conscientiousness factor was not related to creativity.

한-EU 전략적 동반자 관계 10주년

Michael Reiterer 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2020 EU연구 Vol.- No.56

A decade of a special relationship – the EU only maintains ten strategic partnerships worldwide. As we reach the ten-year point with Korea, now is the moment, not to look back but to look forward and act. The pressing circumstances of great power rivalry, particularly in Asia, and the global onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic leave us no time to indulge in congratulatory speeches. A partnership of choice allows us to work together as normative powers to ensure a sustainable, comprehensive and rules-based connectivity, to improve the implementation of human rights, to fight climate change in deeds not words, and to strengthen international law and international governance, as well as the United Nations system. The current circumstances present an unprecedented opportunity to put words into concrete action in addressing climate change. The post-COVID economic recovery and the transition to a sustainable, socially just, resilient and climate neutral economy should be achieved together. 유럽연합(EU)과 한국간에 특별한 전략적 동반자 관계(strategic partnership)를 체결한지 올해로 10주년을 맞이했다. 양측 관계가 특별하다고 하는 이유는 EU가 전략적 동반자 관계를 체결한 국가가 전세계적으로 10개에 불과하기 때문이다. 이러한 특별한 관계의 10주년을 기념하는 올해는 과거를 되돌아보기 보다는 미래를 내다보며 약속한 바를 실천해야 할 때라고 할 수 있다. 아시아에서 특히 두드러지게 목격되고 있는 강대국간의 힘겨루기라는 긴급한 현안과 코로나19 팬데믹의 전세계적인 강타로 인해 우리에게는 10주년 기념 축배를 들 여유가 없는 상황이다. 선택에 의한 파트너십은 우리가 규범세력(normative powers)으로서 지속가능하고, 포괄적이며 규범 중심의 연결성을 보장하고, 인권 실천을 개선하고, 기후변화 문제에 있어 해결방안을 말이 아닌 행동으로 실천하고, 유엔 체제와 함께 국제법과 국제 거버넌스를 강화할 수 있도록 해준다. 우리가 처한 현재의 상황은 기후변화 문제 해결에 있어 구체적인 행동을 취할 수 있는 전례없는 기회를 제공해 주고 있다. 코로나19 이후의 경제적 회복과 지속가능하고, 사회적으로 정의로우며, 회복력 있는 기후 중립 경제는 함께 달성되어야 한다.

In the Orchard of Contentment

Sherry Reiter 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2011 Journal of Humanities Therapy Vol.2 No.-

The EU Defending Global Governance, the Liberal International Order, Providing Security: The Relevance for the Asia Pacific

( Dr Michael Reiterer ) 한국EU학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.18 No.1

The European Union (EU) has the potential which it needs to develop to become a major player in international politics if it acts united, moulds its strength into a comprehensive foreign policy tool kit and makes appropriately use of it through leveraging. To this end, the EU will have “to learn to talk the language of power…, otherwise the law of the jungle will prevail.” according to the new High Representative and Vice President Josep Borrell, Strengthening the Liberal International Order, rule of law, and the rules and law based system of the United Nations through effective multilateralism is the path to follow.

Melatonin improves antioxidant defense mechanism of basil under drought stress

Naghizadeh Mehdi,Reiter Russel J.,Kabiri Rozita,Moradi Rooholla 한국원예학회 2024 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.65 No.1

Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) is a highly important medicinal plant. In this study, the interactional eff ects of water defi cit and melatonin application on growth and physio-biochemical characteristics of basil were investigated. The treatments included three levels of irrigation (100, 75 and 50% of fi eld capacity) and three melatonin concentrations (0, 50 and 100 μmol). Drought stress decreased the dry weight of plants but application of 100 μmol melatonin markedly increased dry weight under these conditions. Melatonin profoundly enhanced plant drought tolerance by stimulating the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) activities and secondary metabolites (total phenol, fl avonoid and anthocyanin contents). Furthermore, melatonin application reduced lipid peroxi dation and increased the relative water content and photosynthetic pigments, resulting in an improvement of plant dry matter. It is concluded that foliar spraying with melatonin induced the pre-adaptive responses to drought stress followed by regulating antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Non-Tariff Trade Policy in the Context of Deep Trade Integration: An Ex-Post Gravity Model Application to the EU-South Korea Agreement

Grubler, Julia,Reiter, Oliver Korea Institute for International Economic Policy 2021 East Asian Economic Review Vol.25 No.1

Many different approaches and databases have been developed for the evaluation of non-tariff measures (NTMs) and free trade agreements (FTAs). This paper is devoted to the EU-South Korea agreement, which is the first 'second-generation' FTA of the EU, addressing a wide array of non-tariff policies. We review the evolution of NTM types applicable to the EU-South Korea trade relationship and the role of NTMs in ex-ante and ex-post analyses of the agreement. Subsequently a structural gravity model is employed to assess the value added of information on different aspects of FTAs and types of NTMs by evaluating their ability to predict the trade effects of the EU-South Korea FTA. Our results show that, when accounting for information on the components common in modern deep trade agreements, no additional trade effect is attributable to the EU-South Korea FTA. The evolution of NTMs differs considerably across indicators used, but trade predictions are hardly affected. Most specifications point towards a negative effect of bilateral differences in the number of technical barriers to trade (TBT) applied and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) against which trading partners issued complaints at the WTO.

Tone-Burst Auditory Brainstem Response and Cortical Potentials in Diagnosis of Syndromic Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder

Kaf Wafaa A.,Reiter Samantha,Brodeur Amanda,White-Minnis Letitia,Deal William 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.3

In this study, we report our findings of comprehensive evaluation in a man with syndromic craniofacial features, cognitive impairment, and hearing loss. The patient underwent psychological and genetic testing and screening for 133 genetic mutations associated with hearing loss, as well as extensive audiological evaluation to assess the auditory pathway between the middle ear and the auditory cortex. Psychological testing showed moderate cognitive impairment. Genetic testing did not reveal a genetic mutation for hearing loss. Audiological evaluation revealed mixed hearing loss and signs of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) despite absence of otoacoustic emissions and an absent click-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) without recording of cochlear microphonics (CM). ANSD was characterized by abnormal speech discrimination, bilateral robust CM to 2,000 Hz tone-burst (TB) ABR, and abnormal left thalamocortical and cortical pathways diagnosed based on auditory middle latency and cortical N1-P2 responses. These behavioral and electrophysiological findings suggest post-synaptic ANSD at the brainstem level. An abnormal left thalamocortical auditory pathway may be attributable to the combined effect of lack of neural synchrony secondary to ANSD mainly on the left and/or brain injury. The findings in this study support the use of TB ABR and auditory cortical potentials in the ANSD test protocol and in patients with craniofacial anomalies.