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Comparison of Serum Fucose Levels in Leukoplakia and Oral Cancer Patients
Rai, Narendra Prakash,Anekar, Jayaprasad,Shivaraja, Shankara YM,Divakar, Darshan Devang,Al Kheraif, Abdulaziz Abdullah,Ramakrishnaiah, Ravikumar,Sebastian, Roopa,Raj, AC,Al-Hazmi, Ali,Mustafa, habil M Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17
Background: Tumor markers, designated as a broad group of substances produced by malignancies, could be in the form of biochemical substances, immunological substances, cell surface changes and genetic alterations. Cancer, a disorder of cellular behavior is characterized by alteration of serum glycoproteins. L-fucose, a hexose, which is the terminal sugar in most of the plasma glycoproteins, may be useful as a tumor marker for the detection, monitoring and prognostic assessment of malignancies. The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of serum fucose as a biomarker for early detection of oral cancer and to compare serum fucose levels in healthy controls, leukoplakia and oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The study included 60 (100.0%) subjects, who were grouped as 20 (33.3%) control subjects, 20 (33.3%) squamous cell carcinoma patients and 20 (33.3%) leukoplakia patients. Fucose estimation was done using UV-visible spectrophotometry based on the method as adopted by Winzler using cysteine reagent. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: Results showed a high significance in serum fucose in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia subjects compared to normal controls. There was a gradual increase in the values noted from control to leukoplakia and to squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Estimation of serum fucose may be a reliable marker and can be used as an effective diagnostic biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Mandeep Sharma,Raj Kumar Bansal,Surya Prakash 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.1
Load frequency control (LFC) plays an essential role in a power system (PS) to sustain the grid frequency for the period of sudden load demand variations. Hence, this manuscript deals with the execution of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach for LFC of three-area unequal thermal power system. The ANFIS controller proposed in the manuscript combines the advantages of Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) as well as rapid response and flexible nature of artificial neural network. To improve the LFC performance, offered controller is simulated with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) units and Thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) individually and in combination. The performance of proposed ANFIS controller is superior and robust compared to existing control schemes and improved performance is observed particularly in the presence of SMES-TCPS combination. The realization of SMES & TCPS combination curtail frequency and tie power variation quickly after an unexpected load disturbance. To validate the usefulness of the proposed controller, integral time weighted absolute error (ITAE) and integral square error (ISE) performance error indices are used. Robustness of offered controller is demonstrated against wide variation in the system parameters
EERA: ENHANCED EFFICIENT ROUTING ALGORITHM FOR MOBILE SENSOR NETWORK
Hemalatha, S,Raj, E.George Dharma Prakash International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.9
A Mobile Sensor Network is widely used in real time applications. A critical need in Mobile Sensor Network is to achieve energy efficiency during routing as the sensor nodes have scarce energy resource. The nodes' mobility in MWSN poses a challenge to design an energy efficient routing protocol. Clustering helps to achieve energy efficiency by reducing the organization complexity overhead of the network which is proportional to the number of nodes in the network. This paper proposes"EERA: Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Mobile Sensor Network" is divided into five phases. 1, Cluster Formation 2.Cluster head and Transmission head selection 3.Path Establishment / Route discovery and 4,Data Transmission. Experimental Analysis has been done and is found that the proposed method performs better than the existing method with respect to four parameters.
이은솔,이동성,Prakash Raj Pandeya,김윤철,강대길,이호섭,오병철,이대호 대한약리학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.5
Sodium butyrate (SB) has various metabolic actions. However, its effect on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) needs to be studied further. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic actions of SB, considering its physiologically relevant concentration. We evaluated the effect of SB on regulation of DPP-4 and its other metabolic actions, both in vitro (HepG2 cells and mouse mesangial cells) and in vivo (high fat diet [HFD]-induced obese mice). Ten-week HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SB treatment by adding SB to HFD which was maintained for an additional 16 weeks. In HepG2 cells, SB suppressed DPP-4 activity and expression at sub-molar concentrations, whereas it increased DPP-4 activity at a concentration of 1,000 µM. In HFD-induced obese mice, SB decreased blood glucose, serum levels of insulin and IL- 1b, and DPP-4 activity, and suppressed the increase in body weight. On the contrary, various tissues including liver, kidney, and peripheral blood cells showed variable responses of DPP-4 to SB. Especially in the kidney, although DPP-4 activity was decreased by SB in HFD-induced obese mice, it caused an increase in mRNA expression of TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1b. The pro-inflammatory actions of SB in the kidney of HFDinduced obese mice were recapitulated by cultured mesangial cell experiments, in which SB stimulated the secretion of several cytokines from cells. Our results showed that SB has differential actions according to its treatment dose and the type of cells and tissues. Thus, further studies are required to evaluate its therapeutic relevance in metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.
Dhamala, Man Kumar,Aryal, Prakash Chandra,Suwal, Madan Krishna,Bhatta, Sijar,Bhuju, Dinesh Raj The Ecological Society of Korea 2020 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.44 No.3
Background: The Himalayan forests are of great importance to sustain the nature and community resource demands. These forests are facing pressures both from anthropogenic activities and ongoing global climatic changes. Poor natural regeneration has been considered a major problem in mountainous forests. To understand the population structure and regeneration status of Larix (Larix griffithiana and Larix himalaica), we conducted systematic vegetation surveys in three high-altitude valleys namely Ghunsa (Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, KCA), Langtang (Langtang National Park, LNP), and Tsum (Manaslu Conservation Area, MCA) in Nepal Himalaya. The average values of diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and sapling height were compared for three sites and two species using Kruskal-Wallis test. Population structure was assessed in terms of proportion of seedlings, saplings, and trees. Regeneration was analyzed using graphical representation of frequencies of seedlings, saplings, and trees in histograms. Results: The results showed that the population structure of Larix in terms of the proportion of seedling, sapling, and tree varied greatly in the three study areas. KCA had the highest record of seedling, sapling, and tree compared to other two sites. Seedlings were the least among three forms and many plots were without seedlings. We found no seedling in MCA study plots. The plot level average DBH variation among sites was significant (Kruskal-Wallis χ<sup>2</sup> = 7.813, df = 2, p = 0.02) as was between species (Kruskal-Wallis χ<sup>2</sup> = 5.9829, df = 1, p = 0.014). Similarly, the variation in average tree height was significant (Kruskal-Wallis χ<sup>2</sup> = 134.23, df = 2, p < 0.001) among sites as well as between species (Kruskal-Wallis χ<sup>2</sup> = 128.01, df = 1, p < 0.001). All the sites showed reverse J-shaped curve but more pronounced for KCA and MCA. In comparing the two species, Larix griffithiana has clear reverse J-shaped diameter distribution but not Larix himalaica. Conclusion: The varied responses of Larix manifested through regeneration status from spatially distinct areas show that regeneration limitations might be more pronounced in the future. In all the three studied valleys, regeneration of Larix is found to be problematic and specifically for Larix griffithiana in MCA and Larix himalaica in LNP. To address the issues of disturbances, especially serious in LNP, management interventions are recommended to sustain the unique Himalayan endemic conifer.
페놀성 화합물을 이용한 현지초의 UPLC 다성분 동시분석 개발
김세건,Ramakanta Lamichhane,이경희,Prakash Raj Pandeya,심상연,정현주 한국생약학회 2018 생약학회지 Vol.49 No.1
The aim of this study was to develop a UPLC method for simultaneous analysis of 8 phenolic compounds including gallic aicd (1), protocatechuic acid (2), methyl gallate (3), ellagic acid (4), kaempferol-3-arabinofranosyl-7-rhamnoside (5), kaempferitrin (6), afzelin (7) and kaempferol-7-rhamnoside (8) isolated from Geranium thunbergii which has been traditionally used as anti-diarrheal agent. The UPLC method was optimized and validated using Halo C18 column (4.6×100 mm, 2.7 μm) consisting of MeOH and 0.1% formic acid at 260 nm in 25 minutes. In quantitative analysis of 8 compounds in MeOH extract of G. thunbergii, contents of 4-6 were 12.39, 20.52 and 21.45 mg/g, respectively. These compounds were measured as major phenolic compounds in G. thunbergii and can be useful as marker compounds for its quality control. These results suggest that the UPLC method can be contributed as basic data for quality evaluation of herbal preparations.
Shiva Pathak,Shobha Regmi,Mahesh Raj Nepal,Prakash Shrestha,Jeong Uk Choi,Simmyung Yook,Jee-Heon Jeong 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.91 No.-
Based on the severity of the disease progression, the treatment of ulcerative colitis involvesadministration of single or multiple therapeutic agents. In refractory cases of ulcerative colitis, FK506(FK) is the drug of choice in clinics. To maintain a long-term stable blood concentration of FK and toreduce its dosing frequency, we propose single-dose injection of FK-loaded biodegradable microspheres(FK-Ms). FK-Ms were intraperitoneally-injected into mice fed with dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS). Pharmacokinetics study revealed presence of FK in blood for over 20 days. The single intraperitonealinjection of the drug-loaded microspheres effectively alleviated DSS-induced murine colitis. Mechanistically, the single injection of FK-Ms inhibited the infiltration of T cells into colon andattenuated differentiation of T cells into interferon-g secreting Th1 and interleukin-17A secreting Th17cells in colon-draining mesenteric lymph nodes. Therefore, administration of prolonged-release typemicrospheres can be considered as an alternative for the effective treatment of inflammatory boweldiseases.