http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Facilitated intracellular delivery of peptide-guided nanoparticles in tumor tissues
Kim, J.H.,Bae, S.M.,Na, M.H.,Shin, H.,Yang, Y.J.,Min, K.H.,Choi, K.Y.,Kim, K.,Park, R.W.,Kwon, I.C.,Lee, B.H.,Hoffman, A.S.,Kim, I.S. Elsevier Science Publishers 2012 Journal of controlled release Vol.157 No.3
Macromolecular nanoparticles can extravasate and accumulate within tumor tissues via the passive targeting system, reflecting enhanced permeability and the retention effect. However, the unsatisfactory tumor therapeutic efficacy of the passive-targeting system, attributable to the retention of extravasated nanoparticles in the vicinity of tumor vessels, argues that a new system that facilitates intracellular delivery of nanoparticles within tumors is needed. Here, we developed hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) nanoparticles conjugated with interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) binding peptides, termed I4R, and tested them in mice bearing IL-4R-positive tumors. These HGC-I4R nanoparticles exhibited enhanced IL-4R-dependent cellular uptake in tumors compared to nonconjugated nanoparticles, leading to better therapeutic and imaging efficacy. We conclude that I4R facilitates and enhances cellular uptake of nanoparticles in tumor tissues. This study suggests that the intracelluar uptake of nanoparticles in tumors is an essential factor to consider in designing nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery and imaging.
Overview of the 2009 Release of the Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (ENDL2009)
D. Brown,B. Beck,M. -A. Descalle,R. Hoffman,E. Ormand,P. Navratil,N. Summers,I. Thompson,R. Vogt,W. Younes,R. Barnowski 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Physics Division has produced the next iteration of LLNL's evaluated nuclear database, ENDL2009. ENDL2009 is the second in a series of major ENDL library releases designed to support LLNL's current and future nuclear data needs. This library includes 585 distinct transport-ready evaluations in the neutron sub-library and many physics improvements for energy, nuclear security and stockpile stewardship. In building this library, we adopted the best of the world's nuclear data efforts including the ENDF/B-VII.0, JENDL and other libraries. A large fraction of the neutron sub-library and all of the charged-particle sub-libraries consist of new evaluations developed at LLNL for the ENDL2009 library. In addition, ENDL2009 supports new features such as energy-dependent Q values from fission, support for unresolved resonances and average momentum deposition. Finally, this release is our most highly tested release as we have strengthened our already rigorous testing regime by adding tests against LANL Activation Ratio Measurements and many new critical assemblies. Our testing is now being incorporated into our development process and is serving to guide database improvements.
조현빈,채금주,Gong Yong Jin,Jiwoong Choi,Ching-Long Lin,Eric A. Hoffman,Sally E. Wenzel,Mario Castro,Sean B. Fain,Nizar N. Jarjour,Mark L. Schiebler,R. Graham Barr,Nadia Hansel,Christopher B. Cooper,Eric C. 대한영상의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.20 No.7
Objective: Considering the different prevalence rates of diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Asians relative to other races, Koreans may have unique airway structure and lung function. This study aimed to investigate unique features of airway structure and lung function based on quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-imaging metrics in the Korean Asian population (Koreans) as compared with the White American population (Whites). Materials and Methods: QCT data of healthy non-smokers (223 Koreans vs. 70 Whites) were collected, including QCT structural variables of wall thickness (WT) and hydraulic diameter (Dh) and functional variables of air volume, total air volume change in the lung (ΔVair), percent emphysema-like lung (Emph%), and percent functional small airway disease-like lung (fSAD%). Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to compare the two groups. Results: As compared with Whites, Koreans had smaller volume at inspiration, ΔVair between inspiration and expiration (p < 0.001), and Emph% at inspiration (p < 0.001). Especially, Korean females had a decrease of ΔVair in the lower lobes (p < 0.001), associated with fSAD% at the lower lobes (p < 0.05). In addition, Koreans had smaller Dh and WT of the trachea (both, p < 0.05), correlated with the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (R = 0.49, 0.39; all p < 0.001) and forced vital capacity (R = 0.55, 0.45; all p < 0.001). Conclusion: Koreans had unique features of airway structure and lung function as compared with Whites, and the difference was clearer in female individuals. Discriminating structural and functional features between Koreans and Whites enables exploration of inter-racial differences of pulmonary disease in terms of severity, distribution, and phenotype.
Kim, S.,Hoffman, Gregory R.,Poulogiannis, G.,Buel, Gwen R.,Jang, Y.,Lee, K.,Kim, B.Y.,Erikson, Raymond L.,Cantley, Lewis C.,Choo, Andrew Y.,Blenis, J. Cell Press 2013 Molecular cell Vol.49 No.1
The metabolism of glucose and glutamine, primary carbon sources utilized by mitochondria to generate energy and macromolecules for cell growth, is directly regulated by mTORC1. We show that glucose and glutamine, by supplying carbons to the TCA cycle to produce ATP, positively feed back to mTORC1 through an AMPK-, TSC½-, and Rag-independent mechanism by regulating mTORC1 assembly and its lysosomal localization. We discovered that the ATP-dependent TTT-RUVBL½ complex was disassembled and repressed by energy depletion, resulting in its decreased interaction with mTOR. The TTT-RUVBL complex was necessary for the interaction between mTORC1 and Rag and formation of mTORC1 obligate dimers. In cancer tissues, TTT-RUVBL complex mRNAs were elevated and positively correlated with transcripts encoding proteins of anabolic metabolism and mitochondrial function-all mTORC1-regulated processes. Thus, the TTT-RUVBL½ complex responds to the cell's metabolic state, directly regulating the functional assembly of mTORC1 and indirectly controlling the nutrient signal from Rags to mTORC1.
The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Otitis Media and Sequelae
Steven K. Juhn,정민교,Mark D. Hoffman,Brian R. Drew,Diego A. Preciado,Nicholas J. Sausen,Timothy T.K. Jung,Bo Hyung Kim,박상유,Jizhen Lin,Frank G. Ondrey,David R. Mains,Tina Huang 대한이비인후과학회 2008 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.1 No.3
This review deals with the characteristics of various inflammatory mediators identified in the middle ear during otitis media and in cholesteatoma. The role of each inflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of otitis media and cholesteatoma has been discussed. Further, the relation of each inflammatory mediator to the pathophysiology of the middle and inner ear along with its mechanisms of pathological change has been described. The mechanisms of hearing loss including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as a sequela of otitis media are also discussed. The passage of inflammatory mediators through the round window membrane into the scala tympani is indicated. In an experimental animal model, an application of cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial toxin, on the round window membrane induced sensorineural hearing loss as identified through auditory brainstem response threshold shifts. An increase in permeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) was observed following application of these inflammatory mediators and LPS. The leakage of the blood components into the lateral wall of the cochlea through an increase in BLB permeability appears to be related to the sensorineural hearing loss by hindering K+ recycling through the lateral wall disrupting the ion homeostasis of the endolymph. Further studies on the roles of various inflammatory mediators and bacterial toxins in inducing the sensorineumral hearing loss in otitis media should be pursued.