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Hong, Ji Yeon,Li, Feiming,Cho, Sun-Joo,Schutz, Paul A.,Cohen, Allan S. 서울대학교 2006 先淸語文 Vol.34 No.-
이 연구의 목적은 8학년과 12학년 학생들의 NAEP 읽기문항에 대한 응답 패턴이 학생들의 읽기 영역에 대한 학습 동기와 어떻게 연관이 되어 있는지를 알아보기 위함이다. 학생들의 읽기 영역 학습 동기가 어떻게 구조화 되어 있는지를 알기 위해 NAEP 설문 데이타를 요인분석 (factor analysis) 하였다. 8학년과 12학년간에는 기본적으로같은 7개의 요인의 추출되었다. 다음으로는, 학생들의 문항 응답 패턴에 따라 잠재 구조 (latenc class)를 발견하였으며, 발견된 잠재 구조와 요인 점수 (factor score) 와의 관계를 조사하였다. 8학년과 12학년에대해 각각 단일변량 통계 분석 (univariate analysis of variance)을 하였을때, NAEP 읽기 문항에 대한 응답 패턴을 기준으로 추출된 잠재구조가 학생들의 읽기 영역에 대한 학습 동기와 유의미하게 연관되어 있음을 발견하였다. 또한, 8학년과 12학년 간에는 다른 양상의 연관성이 관찰되었다. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the item response patterns of 8^(th) and 12^(th) grade students taking the NAEP Reading Test were related to their motivation to read. NAEP background data were factor analyzed to identify the underlying structure of motivation items. Essentially the same seven factors were extracted in each grade. Next, latent classes were detected based on students' item response patterns, and the relationship between latent classes and factor scores on the motivation items was examined. The results of univariate analysis of variance in each grade separately, on the seven factors indicated that membership in latent groups formed based on differences in patterns of responses to the NAEP Reading Test items was significantly related to students' motivation to read, although 8^(th) grade and 12^(th) grade students had different motivation-related patterns.
Han, Chul,Hong, Kwon-Ho,Kim, Yong Hwan,Kim, Mi-Jung,Song, Cheol,Kim, Myung Joon,Kim, Seong-Jin,Raizada, Mohan K.,Oh, S. Paul American Heart Association, Inc. 2013 Hypertension Vol.61 No.5
<P>A deficiency in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) signaling is a central contributor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We have recently shown that endothelial-specific <I>Bmpr2</I> deletion by a novel L1Cre line resulted in pulmonary hypertension. SMAD1 is one of the canonical signal transducers of the BMPR2 pathway, and its reduced activity has been shown to be associated with PAH. To determine whether SMAD1 is an important downstream mediator of BMPR2 signaling in the pathogenesis of PAH, we analyzed pulmonary hypertension phenotypes in <I>Smad1</I>-conditional knockout mice by deleting the <I>Smad1</I> gene either in endothelial cells or in smooth muscle cells using L1Cre or <I>Tagln</I>-Cre mouse lines, respectively. A significant number of the L1Cre(+);<I>Smad1</I> (14/35) and <I>Tagln</I>-Cre(+);<I>Smad1</I> (4/33) mutant mice showed elevated pulmonary pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and a thickening of pulmonary arterioles. A pulmonary endothelial cell line in which the <I>Bmpr2</I> gene deletion can be induced by 4-hydroxy tamoxifen was established. SMAD1 phosphorylation in <I>Bmpr2</I>-deficient cells was markedly reduced by BMP4 but unaffected by BMP7. The sensitivity of SMAD2 phosphorylation by transforming growth factor-β1 was enhanced in the <I>Bmpr2</I>-deficient cells, and the inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor-β1–mediated SMAD2 phosphorylation by BMP4 was impaired in the <I>Bmpr2</I>-deficient cells. Furthermore, transcript levels of several known transforming growth factor-β downstream genes implicated in pulmonary hypertension were elevated in the <I>Bmpr2</I>-deficient cells. Taken together, these data suggest that SMAD1 is a critical mediator of BMPR2 signaling pertinent to PAH, and that an impaired balance between BMP4 and transforming growth factor-β1 may account for the pathogenesis of PAH.</P>
김용식,김성원,고경태,최진혁,배한경,Paul S. Hong,이유영,이호일,진광민,최성자,김진철,최민석,이승렬 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.6
During and shortly after the 2017 Pohang Earthquake (Mw 5.4), sand blows were observed around the epicenter for the first time since the beginning of instrumental seismic recording in South Korea. We carried out field surveys plus satellite and drone imagery analyses, resulting in observation of approximately 600 sand blows on Quaternary sediment cover in this area. Most were observed within 3 km of the epicenter, with the farthest being 15 km away. In order to investigate the ground’s susceptibility to liquefaction, we conducted a trench study of a 30 m-long sand blow in a rice field 1 km from the earthquake epicenter. The physical characteristics of the liquified sediments (grain size, impermeable barriers, saturation, and low overburden pressure) closely matched the optimum ground conditions for liquefaction. Additionally, we found a series of soft sediment deformation structures (SSDSs) within the trench walls, such as load structures and water-escaped structures. The latter were vertically connected to sand blows on the surface, reflecting seismogenic liquefaction involving subsurface deformation during sand blow formation. This genetic linkage suggests that SSDS research would be useful for identifying prehistoric damage-inducing earthquakes (Mw > 5.0) in South Korea because SSDSs have a lower formation threshold and higher preservational potential than geomorphic markers formed by surface ruptures. Thus, future combined studies of Quaternary surface faults and SSDSs are required to provide reliable paleoseismological information in Korea.