http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
HBV : The Fate of Chronic Hepatitis B in the Era of Antiviral Therapy
( Yoon Hea Park ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Ja Kyung Kim ),( Kwan Sik Lee ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), either of which can lead to a liver-related death. The progression of liver disease in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is fostered by active virus replication. Recently, antiviral therapy with minimal side effects have become available to achieve sustained suppression of HBV replication, thereby preventing cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and, ultimately, HCC. The aim of this study is to reappraise the clinical courses regarding disease progression in the era of antiviral therapy for Korean CHB patients who were potential candidates for antiviral therapy. Methods: Between 2001 and 2005, treatment-naive CHB patients without cirrhosis were enrolled and followed-up for at least 5years. During follow-up period, patients have received antiviral therapy according to the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver guideline, if indicated. Ultrasonography and laboratory assessment were performed regularly. Primary endpoints were development of cirrhosis, or hepatic decompensation, HCC, or liver-related deaths, which were examined using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 360 patients, 323 (89.7%) received antiviral therapy such as lamivudine (70.6%), entecavir (8.7%), or telbivudine (6.5%). During a median follow-up period of 94 months, cirrhosis developed in 29 (8.1%) patients, hepatic decompensation in 4 (1.1%) patients, and HCC in 15 (4.2%) patients. The annual incidence of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and HCC were 1.05%, 0.14%, and 0.53% per person-year, respectively. Age was an independent prognostic factor for developing cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.075; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.037-1.116), whereas those for developing HCC were age (HR 1.060, 95% CI 1.012-1.111) and progression to cirrhosis (HR 17.470, 95% CI 5.081-60.063). Conclusions: In the era of antiviral therapy, the overall clinical courses of patients with CHB in Korea have been much improved since the introduction of lamivudine in 1999. However, older age and cirrhosis still remain risk factors for HCC.
한국판 해밀턴 우울증평가척도(K-HDRS)의 확인적 요인 분석
박혜원,이은호,김도관,유범희,이동수,김지혜 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.1
Objectives The present study was conducted to examine the factor structure of a Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS), and we did so by performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Methods The data from the 17-item K-HDRS data was obtained from 319 South Koreans who met the DSM-IV Criteria of Major Depressive Disorder. We examined the fit of ten competing models. The CFAs were evaluated in their original first-order structures and in their hierarchically related counterparts. Results The alternative models obtained unsatisfactory fit indices, although the five-factor inter-correlated model (model 5a) demonstrated a relatively good fit to the data. The model 5a also performed better than its hierarchically related counterpart (model 5b). The Modification Indices (MIs) were used to provide a more satisfactory account of the data. The Mls suggested correlations between the unique variances of items (item 1 & 3, item 10 & 15), and these parameters were added to the model 5a. After introducing minor modifications, the 'final' model (5m) yielded an improved model fit. Conclusion This study suggests that the symptoms of depression, as assessed by the K-HDRS, cluster into five factors : anhedonia/retardation, guilt/agitation, bodily symptoms, insomnia and appetite. This study provides evidence for the cross-cultural generalizability of the HDRS, although some refinement of the scale is still required.
Park, Ji Hyun,Kim, Sung Hea,Lee, Sang Cheol,Yoon, Kwan Han,Min, Byung Gil The Korean Fiber Society 2016 FIBERS AND POLYMERS Vol.17 No.8
Poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO) composite fibers containing small amounts (~2 wt.%) of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully prepared by in-situ polymerization and dry-jet wet spinning. Polarized optical microscopy images displayed a lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase in the as-polymerized dopes. Solution viscosity measurements revealed that the molecular weights of the composite fibers were in the range from <TEX>$1.81{\times}10^4gmol^{-1}$</TEX> to <TEX>$2.2{\times}10^4gmol^{-1}$</TEX>. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the composite fibers etched by UV irradiation showed that CNFs embedded in the PBO matrix were individually dispersed, and well oriented along the fiber direction. Tensile tests indicated that the tensile moduli of the PBO/CNF composite fibers were higher than those of the pristine PBO fibers, whereas the tensile strengths were lower or similar to those of the pristine PBO fibers. The elastic loop test was carried out to measure the compressive strength of the fibers. The compressive strength of the pristine PBO fiber was 0.3 GPa, whereas that of a PBO composite fiber containing 1.0 wt.% CNF increased to 0.92 GPa, which is about twice the compressive strength of Zylon (0.43 GPa). Moreover, a heat-treated PBO composite fiber containing 2.0 wt.% CNFs exhibited the high compressive strength of 1.17 GPa, which is the second highest value among all reported values for organic polymers.
박혜경(Hea-Kyeong Park),이만희(Man-Hee Lee),유관우(Kwan-Woo Ryu) 한국정보과학회 1998 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.2Ⅰ
합병 문제는 정렬된 두 개의 리스트 A=(a₁, a₂,..., a₁)와 B=(b₁, b₂,..., b_m)가 주어질 때, 이 두 리스트를 합병하여 하나의 정렬된 리스트 C=(c₁, c₂,..., c_n), n=l+m,로 만드는 문제이다. 지금까지는 √n×√n 메쉬 상에서 odd-even 합병을 재귀적으로 수행하는 O(√n)시간 합병 알고리즘이 주로 사용되었는데, 이 재귀적 합병 알고리즘은 그 기본정책은 간단하나, 메쉬 상에 구현될 때 라우팅과 같은 복잡한 연산이 필요하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 간단한 행, 열 연산 만을 사용하여 메쉬 상에서 쉽게 구현가능한 O(√n)시간의 최적 분할 합병 알고리즘을 제안한다.
Para-Vinylpyridine-vinylsulfonic Acid 樹脂의 合成과 이온 交換能
成洛道,宋海永,朴炳寬 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1982 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.9 No.2
Copolymerization of the 4-vinylpyridine with vinylacetate and divinylbenzene initiated by azobis-isobutyronit rile was carried out in DMF in presence BaCL_2 at 98℃, Ion exchange resin, poly 4-vinylpyridine-vinylsulfonic acid-divinylbenzene was prepared by sulfonation of 4-vinylpyridine-vinylacetate-divinylbenzene with concentrated sulfuric acid. The compositions of each synthetic resin were identified by means of ir adsorption spectroscopy. Anion and cation capacities of 4-vinylpyridine-vinylsulfonic acid-divinylbenzene ion exchanger were 2.5meq/g and 4.8meq/g, respectively, Adsorption of Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) ions have showed larger quantity in alkalie media. A study also was made of the influence of alcohol on the distribution coefficient of Cd(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) ions between the synthetic ion exchanger, and solution containing hydrochloric acid, various alcohols and water. The distribution coefficients of metal ions decrease generally as the number of branches of carbon in the molecule of butyl alcohol increase.(t-BuOH<s-BuOH<iso-BuOH<n-BuOH).
Selective Peripheral Denervation for the Treatment of Spasmodic Torticollis
Jang, Kyung-Sool,Park, Hea-Kwan,Joo, Won-Il,Ji, Chul,Lee, Kyung-Jin,Choi, Chang-Rak The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2005 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.37 No.5
Objective: Various methods of treatment for idiopathic cervical dystonia have been tried in the past with unsatisfactory results. The authors report cases of five patients who underwent selective peripheral denervation for spasmodic torticollis. Methods: Between July 2002 and December 2003, 5 patients underwent surgery at St. Mary's Hospital for spasmodic torticollis. Age of the patient at the onset of symptoms ranged from 29 to 56years (mean 43.75years). Selective peripheral denervation(SPD) was performed at 7 to 11 months after the onset of symptoms (mean 8.75 months). A patient was considered to be the candidate for surgery if conservative methods were unsuccessful and symptoms persisted for longer than 7months. In addition, 2patients who refused treatment with botulinum toxin were also enrolled in this study. Results: Although one patient underwent reoperation, all of the five patients' symptoms were improved after the operation. Clinically, patients with retrocollis showed better improvement than laterocollis patients. Conclusion: Although injection of botulinum toxin is the first-choice in treatment modality, when surgery is required, selective peripheral denervation provides good results with minimum side effects.
Proteomic Assessment of Dung Beetle, Copris tripartitus Immune Response
Suh, Hwa-Jin,Bang, Hea-Son,Kim, Seong-Ryul,Yun, Eun-Young,Park, Kwan-Ho,Kang, Bo-Ram,Kim, Ik-Soo,Jeon, Jae-Pil,Hwang, Jae-Sam Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.17 No.2
Dung beetle larvae at the $3^{rd}$ instar were injected with lipopolysaccaride and inducible proteins were examined within a pI level of 3-10 and a size level by proteomics, including 1-D SDS PAGE analysis and antibacterial assay. The immune infected larvae extracts provided seven protein bands in one-dimensional electrophoresis and its antibacterial activity also checked. Hemolymph protein from immune infected larvae of the dung beetle were separated by twodimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with those from native larvae. In 2-D gel electrophoresis, we detected 63 immune infected unique and 32 up-regulated proteins, and 36 proteins that were down-regulated or not present in treated gel. Ten protein spots from unique proteins and those presented as different level of abundance in infected and native larvae were specially expressed. These differentially expressed proteins were proposed to be involved in the defense mechanism against microorganism.