최적성이론과 영어차용어의 음절말자음에 대하여

박천배 대한언어학회 2000 언어학 Vol.8 No.3

Park, Cheon-Bae. 2000. A Study on Optimality Theory and English Loanwords with Obstruent Codas. Journal of the Linguistic Association of Korea, 8(3), 241-257. This paper focuses on the process through which English words are borrowed into the Korean lexicon. It points out that the process of borrowing is completely different from that of using phonological evaluation to pronounce a phrase or a sentence, i.e., that they belong to separate levels. In some cases, where two forms, one with a coda and the other with an inserted vowel, are derived from only one English word, it is argued what matters is the release of a final coda consonant. It is also argued that the coda obstruent [t] with no release should be stored as /s/ in the Korean lexicon. Consequently, English bus([b s]) is stored as /p si/ in the Korean lexicon while Korean 벗([p t] 'friend') has the underlying representation of /p s/. They are destined to suffer the same set of constraints in order to be evaluated as their respective optimal output form. (Wonkwang University)

영어의 모음전환에 의한 중첩현상에 대하여

박천배 대한언어학회 1998 언어학 Vol.6 No.2

Park, Cheon-Bae.. 1998. A Study on English Reduplication with Ablaut Phenomenon. Linguistics, vol 6-2, 289-307. The purpose of this paper is (i) to investigate English reduplicative words, especially the ones that are considered to involve Ablaut phenomenon, and (ii) to give an explanation to the phenomenon in the light of Optimality Theory, or more specifically Correspondence theory, which views it as word-formation based on interactive constraints rather than on ordered copying rules of Standard Theory or Autosegmental Theory. This paper concludes that the essence of the phenomenon is that reduplicative elements are prefixed or suffixed in the obedience to ALIGN constraints, and also that the vowel pairs in those words can be nicely explained by the interaction of ALIGN, POLARITY, and IDENT-BR constraints. (Wonkwang University)

몇가지 酵母의 酸 및 알콜生成에 미치는 醱酵條件의 影響

朴允仲,孫天培 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1977 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.4 No.2

These experiments were conducted to investigate the formation of organic acid and ethanol during fermentation by three yeast strains. One of these was industrial strain (No. 7) from Japan, and the others were wild types (No. 47, No. 239) isolated from Takju-mash and Strawbery, respectively. Conditions of fermentation were varied by differing the supply of oxygen (air), and by using different fermentation media The results obtained were as follows: 1) All the yeast strains produced higher amount of total organic acid and ethanol under the conditions which were aerobic, i.e. the flasks were opened during fermentation, than in case of using the flasks with fermentation bung. 2) Organic acid and ethanol were produced rapidly in the mash medium than in the semi-synthetic medium, i.e. total amount of organic acid and ethanol was maximized in a short time in the mash medium. 3) On the mash medium, the highest amount of organic acid was obtained by the strain No. 239, the next by No. 7 and the lowest by No. 47. Ethanol was produced on this medium with decreacing order of No. 47, No. 239, and No. 7. 4) The strain No. 239 was proved to be a powerful organic acid producer, yielding higher amount of organic acid especially under the aerobic conditions. 5) Above results suggests that the strain No. 239 could be of useful in alcoholic drink industry, due to its powerful ethanol-producing characteristic accompaning with high yielding of organic acids.

영어의 장/단모음화 현상에 대하여

박천배 서울대학교 어학연구소 1994 語學硏究 Vol.30 No.3

Generative Phonology assumes that allomophs are derived from a unique morpheme through a different set of phonological rules depending on the environment the morpheme occurs in. This means that we can obtain a simpler mental lexicon when we exclude all the allomorphs from the lexicon except only one basic form. On the basis of this assumption, this thesis searches for the optimal forms of rules and underlying representations to account for vowel lengthening and shortening in English in a framework combining Standard Theory and Lexical Phonology. We suggest that the underlying representations of some lexical entries have latent moras which are to be activated by Latent Mora Activation Rule on a later cycle after the application of Shortening Rules. Under this new approach, Shortening Rules apply with no exceptions and get a greater generalization of the rules; Latent Mora Activation Rule produces the effect of lengthening and obviates the previous Lengthening Rules which are infected with various demerits. The phonological rules and the explanations presented above show that the alternations between short vowels and (usually one grade higher) long vowels (or diphthongs) are due to the interaction among exceptionless Vowel Shift, Diphthongization, Shortening Rules, and Latent Mora Activation Rule. This system of rule interaction makes the grammar simpler, more general, and thus, more optimal.

공동주택의 발코니 확장부위의 열환경 향상방안

박선효,배상환,홍천화 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

In recent days, is usual case to extend the dwelling area to the balcony which is provided by service area. But the use of the extended area can be arose discomfort with a view point of thermal environment by excessive heat accumulation in summer and excessive cold draft in winter. In this study, the skills were reviewed to improve the thermal environment of the extended area and evaluations were carried out. Additional heat supply by heat-convector installed at the lower end of the curtain wall can improve the thermal environment of the extended area and also arise surface temperature of the curtain wall surface. And aluminum plate installed under the floor could not improve thermal environment, but it was effective to shortening the initial heating time.

우수 사과酒酵母의 分離와 利用에 關한 硏究

朴允仲,金燦祚,李錫健,吳萬鎭,孫天培 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1978 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.5 No.1

Extensive selection works on wild yeasts of fruits were carried cut to obtain strains which are applicable to apple wine making. Among the total number of 1,358 yeast strains which were isolated from various fruit samples collected from the vicinity of Daejeon and other regions of Korea, the strains SH-49, SH-129 and SH-338 were found to be useful. Then experiments on their morphological and physiological characteristics, and on the aspects of practical use in apple wine making were proceeded. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The strains SH-49 and SH-129, particularly SH-49, were appeared to have good fermentation ability, tolerance to sulfur dioxide and to produce fine quality of apple wine. 2. Apple wines made by using the strain, SH-49 and SH-129 contained less amount of total acids than those by other strains. 3. Apple wines of SH-49 and SH-129 were clarified rapidly during the primary fermentation period, and their absorbancy at 430 nm after 45 days of storage were approximately half of others. 4. Apple wine of SH-338 contained higher amount of residual sugar and its quality was superior to others. It is considered that this strain could be used in the production of apple wine of a characteristic quality. 5. The strains SH-49 and SH-338 were identified as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae according to Taxanomic Study of Yeasts by Lodder, however, classification of SH-129 was suspended for further study.

病院 地下空間內의 空氣中 微生物分布에 관한 硏究

박천제,배병훈,고경숙,김춘희,임경택 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 硏究報告 Vol.21 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and concentration of microorganism by the method of the air contamination using RCS air sampler in underground linac room of two general hospital located in Pusan. The places of air sampling were 4 different spot in two each hopital. Therefore, total 8 places were sampled from June 30, 1996 to May30, 1997. The results obtained were as follows 1. In a agar strip GK-A media for total count of microbial particles, it was estimated to be 76 CFU/ft^(3) in ICR room, and the consulting room was 53 CFU/ft^(3), lobby was XI CFU/ft^(3), linac room was 35 CFU/ft^(3), in the M hospital, respectively. The distribution of organism in the air of M hospital were shown gram positive cocci 72%, gram negative bacilli 15%, gram positive bacilli 6.1%, fungi 6.1%, respectively . On the other hand, in P hospital, it was obtained to be ICR room 74 CFU/ft^(3), lobby- 45 CFU/ft^(3), consulting room 34 CFU/ft^(3), linac room 31 CFU/ft^(3), respectively. The distribution and concentration of microorganism in the air were detected gram positive cocci 75%, fungi 10.3%, gram negative bacilli 8.7%, gram positive bacilli 6.0%. respectively. The results were recognized to be a low frequency in the linac room. 2. In agar strip S media for total counts of M hospital, ICR room was shown the highest organism with 32 CFU/ft^(3), but the lowest organism was detected linac room with 20 CFU/ft^(3). Also, the case of P hospital was estimated high 43 CFU/ft^(3) at ICR room, low organism was shown at linac 17 CFU/ft^(3) Test of coagulase were recognized to be a negative Staphylococci 68.3% in M hospital, 60.7% in P hospital. Coagulase positive cocci was estimated to be 31.7% in M hospital, 39.3% in P hospital. 3. In agar strip C media for coliform bacteria, colony counts at ICR room 10 CFU/ft^(3), consulting room 7 CFU/ft^(3), linac room 6 CFU/ft^(3), lobby 4 CFU/ft^(3) in M hospital, respectively. On the other hand, in P hospital were shown ICR room and main lobby 7 CFU/ft^(3), consulting room 5 CFU/ft^(3), linac room 4 CFU/ft^(3), respectively.

A Study on Characteristics and Styles of Black English

Park,Cheon-Bae 圓光大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.32 No.1

이 논문에서는 영어의 여러 방언 중에서 흑인 영어의 음운론적이거나 문법적인 특성들과 아울러 흑인 영어가 대화 특히 거리에서의 대화에서 보여주는 다양한 스타일에 관해 고찰해 보았다. 그 결과 흑인 영어는 많은 부분에서 음운론적으로 또는 문법적으로 백인들의 표준 영어와 다른 자신만의 체계를 가진 별도의 방언으로 취급되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 특히 대화에서 흑인이 채택하는 여러 가지 다양한 스타일과 현란한 말솜씨 또는 표현 기술들은 백인의 표준 영어와 확연히 구분되는 이질적인 문화를 바탕으로 하고 있다. 즉, 백인들의 문화는 글 중심인데 반하여, 흑인들의 문화는 말하는 솜씨를 예술의 경지로까지 인정하는 말에 기반을 둔 문화라는 것이다. 이 근본적인 차이는 서로간의 이해를 가로막을 수 있는 장벽으로 작용하여, 경제 사회적으로 열세에 있는 흑인들은 표준영어를 제 2의 언어로 배워야 하는 부담 외에도, 글 중심의 문화에 적응하기 어렵다는 점 때문에 많은 불리함을 안고 살아가야 한다. 사실 많은 흑인 어린이들은 영어 읽기 능력이 떨어지며 9학년의 많은 학생들이 6학년 보다 읽기에 있어 더 나을 게 없다고 한다. 독서 능력 부재가 일어나는 원인 중의 하나는 이미 언급한 바와 같이 미국의 지배 계층인 백인의 문화가 글 중심인데 반하여, 흑인의 문화는 말 중심이라는 것이다. 또한, 흑인 영어는 열등하거나 문법적인 오류 투성이라는 것은 편견이며, 단지 백인의 영어와 다른 문법체계와 발음 체계를 가지고 있다는 것을 인식할 필요가 있다. 한국의 학생들은 영어의 다양한 방언들에 관해서 잘 알지 못하는데, 그 이유는 중고등학교에서 단지 표준 영어만을 배우기 때문이다. 특히 여러 개의 가능한 답 중에서 단 하나의 옳은 답을 찾도록 훈련받아 왔기 때문에 하나의 문항에 대해 여러 답안이 존재할 수 있다는 가능성은 처음부터 배제하는 경향이 있다. 그러므로 외국인과의 대화에서도 자기 의사를 표현할 수 있는 여러 다양한 방법이 있음에도 불구하고 자신이 완전히 옳다고 확신할 수 있는 단 하나의 대답만을 찾으려 하고, 그 확신이 없을 때에는 입을 다물고 대답을 회피하는 경향이 있다. 만약 방언들을 고려한다면 문법 사항을 묻는 문항조차도 여러 답안이 가능할 것이다. 우리 대학생들에게 흑인 영어와 같은 방언의 존재를 가르침으로써 사지선다 문항의 폐해를 조금이나마 줄일 수 있지 않을까 한다.

Clipping as a Morphological Process

Cheon-Bae Park 한국영미어문학회 2002 영미어문학 Vol.- No.66

최적성 이론과 말레이어 자음 음운론

박천배(Park, Cheon-Bae) 한국음운론학회 1997 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to investigate in Optimality Theory the set of constraints which substitutes the set of the rules of Standard Theory which deals with the behaviors of Malay consonants. This paper also works on the ranking of such constraints. The language under consideration is JM (Johore Malay), a Malay dialect spoken in the southern area of Malay Peninsula, and in this language the discrepancies between input and output are observed especially when a nasal consonant is to be followed by other consonants. In order to deal with such phenomena we need to posit the constraints such as *NC_son, *N[C_obstr, RootLin, ICC(P1), Ident(n), Ident(vd), MAX( [C+vd]) and so on. What is notable among these is that the constraint *N[C_obstr has to mention the morpheme boundary between a prefix ending with a nasal consonant and a root beginning with a voiceless obstruent.