Engendering Christian Mission in Asia : Understanding Women's Works in the History of Mission

WONG Wai Ching Ewha Womans University Press 2003 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.9 No.2

Despite the selfless and devoted service of women, their continuous contributions to the Church and its mission, have been largely neglected and many of their efforts unacknowledged. In the modern history of mission, we find that women in Asia understand their tasks in mission very differently. In fact, they undertook action for the "mission of God" in everything they did in terms of their social involvement or service, mostly via their participation in the struggle for a new society. In actual practice, they reinterpreted Christian mission as a co-mission of humans and God in seeking and communicating the divine truth, and taking on the shared responsibility of working for peace and justice. The understanding of "mission" in the actual day-to-day practices and in people's living and sharing together as people in relation has grounded Christianity in the concrete needs of women in Asia. Placing this understanding within the debate and the transformation of the mission's concept in the history of ecumenism, one might say that women have displayed an integrative "worldly" approach to it.

A novel approach for construction of an inactivated typhoid vaccine candidate that effectively augments both humoral and cellular immune responses

Won, G.,Kim, B.,Lee, J.H. Elsevier Ltd. 2017 Vaccine Vol.35 No.25

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ghost was constructed as a vaccine candidate against typhoid fever. An asd<SUP>+</SUP> plasmid pJHL187 harboring a ghost cassette comprised of PhiX 174 E lysis gene stringently controlled under the convergent promotor components and was transformed into the asd gene-deleted mutant S. Typhi Ty21a strain (STG). Twenty female BALB/c mice randomly assigned into two groups were subcutaneously vaccinated at 5weeks of age to assess immunogenic characteristics of the constructed STG. The level of serum IgG in the immunized mice was significantly increased during the observational period (P<0.001) as the mice showed the significant elevation of secretory IgA at week 6 compared to those in the non-immunized mice (P<0.05). The CD3<SUP>+</SUP>CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cell subpopulation in the primed splenocytes showed approximately twofold increase in the immunized group. Further, the gene expression of various immunomodulatory cytokines associated with Th-1, Th-2 and Th-17 immunity was observed in in vitro restimulated splenocytes isolated from the immunized mice. Serum Bactericidal activity of antibodies produced in the rabbits immunized with STG was proved by the elimination of almost all of wild-type S. Typhi in the presence of exogenous complement over an hour at week 6 after the first immunization. The immuno-stimulatory traits of STG demonstrated that the construct effectively enhanced the immunological responses, providing a potential of STG as the vaccine candidate against typhoid fever.

Resistant, Path Creation, or Resilient? An Empirical Study of 87 Innovative Cities Worldwide

Chan-Yuan Wong(Chan-Yuan Wong),I-Kim Wang(I-Kim Wang) 서울대학교 경제연구소 2023 Seoul journal of economics Vol.36 No.2

This study proposes rigorous concepts of resilient, resistant, and path-creation behaviors for urban patenting and innovation studies. The study examines the responses of cities with different regional innovation system (RIS) characteristics when facing a crisis. The concepts allowed us to identify resilient cities based on crisis responses and RIS characteristics. Our study identified cities exhibiting resilient behaviors, such as Taipei and San Jose, demonstrating the ability to recover from a crisis in terms of patenting and sustain high levels of performance in localized learning. For cities with resistant behaviors, such as London, we observed that their momentum for patenting decreased, although they were endowed with RIS performance comparable to the resilient cities. Cities such as Shenzhen exhibit path-creation behaviors, demonstrating the ability to transform and achieve performances on par with the resilient cities. Unformed RIS cities demonstrate low patenting activities and have yet to configure a base for technological activities. The concept and formulated quantitative process to distinguish cities performing in patenting lay new ground for studies on urban economic resilience.

Pulsed low-dose rate radiotherapy for recurrent bone sarcomas: case reports and brief review

Ru Xin Wong(Ru Xin Wong ),Zubin Master(Zubin Master ),Eric Pang(Eric Pang ),Valerie Yang(Valerie Yang ),Wen Shen Looi(Wen Shen Looi ) 대한방사선종양학회 2024 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.42 No.1

Purpose: Re-irradiation for bulky recurrent sarcoma carries significant risks. Pulsed low-dose rate radiotherapy (PLDR) is an attractive option for re-irradiation due to inherent radiobiological advantages. Materials and Methods: We present two patients who underwent re-irradiation using PLDR technique, followed by a literature review. Results: The first case is that of a 76-year-old male who developed an in-field recurrence of a bulky pelvic bone high-grade chondrosarcoma after he was treated with definitive radiotherapy using helical TomoTherapy with a total dose of 66 Gy. The patient was re-irradiated using PLDR with a shrinking field technique; 50 Gy in 2 Gy fractions followed by a boost of 20 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. The patient remains disease-free without significant toxicity 60 months post-irradiation. The second case is that of an 82-year-old female who was treated with a definitive irradiation of 66 Gy in 33 fractions for a right shoulder grade II chondrosarcoma. She developed an in-field recurrence 28 months later and presented with bulky disease causing brachial plexopathy and lymphedema. The patient was re-irradiated with a palliative intent to a total dose of 50 Gy in 2 Gy fractions over 5 weeks using PLDR. Brachial plexopathy resolved shortly after re-irradiation, but local progression near the surface was evident 8 months later. She passed away from unrelated causes 11 months later. Conclusion: We present two cases highlighting our early experience with PLDR, which was effective in the re-irradiation of recurrent bony sarcoma. Our study highlights PLDR as an option for re-irradiation in recurrent unresectable tumors.

Remission in pediatric Graves’ disease treated with antithyroid drug and the risk factors associated with relapse

Wong Tsz Wai Catherine,Wong Man Yee Shirley 대한소아내분비학회 2022 Apem Vol.27 No.4

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics and frequency of remission in pediatric patients with Graves’ disease (GD) treated with antithyroid drug (ATD) and to identify factors that may be associated with relapse.Methods: Medical records of patients younger than 19 years who presented to the Department of Pediatrics of Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong with newly diagnosed GD from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Remission was defined as euthyroidism for 12 months or more after discontinuation of ATD treatment and no relapses during the follow-up period. Patients who successfully achieved remission were compared to those who suffered relapse. Factors that may predict occurrence of relapse after ATD treatments were studied, and their odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.Results: A total of 101 patients was included in this study. Eighty-one patients completed one course of ATD. Eighteen patients (17.8%) successfully achieved remission, and 58 patients (57.4%) experienced relapse after discontinuation of ATD. The remission group received a significantly longer course of ATD therapy than the relapse group (median, 28 months; interquartile range [IQR], 18–48 months in remission group vs. median, 21 months; IQR, 17–26; <i>p</i>=0.024). The OR for relapse was 0.971 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.946–0.997) in univariate analysis and remained significant after adjustments in the multivariate regression model (OR, 0.961; 95% CI, 0.933–0.989; <i>p</i>=0.008).Conclusion: The remission rate in pediatric patients with GD treated with ATD was low. A longer ATD course was associated with a greater chance of remission in this population.

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RAPID THERMAL ANNEALING OF THE SILICON OXIDE IN AMMONIA AMBIENT

Wong, H.,Cheng, Y. C.,Lai, P. T. 대한전자공학회 1989 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.1 No.1

A computer program for simulating the process of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of thermally grown oxides in pure ammonia ambient was developed and run on a desktop computer. Real temperature profile which was characterized by the heat-up and cool-down parameters was used in the calculations. These parameters can be adjusted to describe the real temperature profile for different rapid thermal processing systems. Both nitrogen and defect distribution profile of the annealed oxide film were calculated based on numerically solving the temperature-dependent rate equations for nitrogen incorporation and defect generation, and the temperature-dependent diffusion equation of the nitrogen-related diffusion species. The simulated results agree well with the experimental ones. Particularly, the program is able to predict the turnaround behaviors of the interface-state density and the nonuniform distribution of nitrogen m nitrided oxides. This software, therefore, is helpful for both IC process control and MOS device characterization when the RTA technique is used in the gate-oxide preparation.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Implant Failure in Spinal Metastasis Surgery

Wong Yu Chung,Chau Wai Wang Jacky,Kwok Kin On,Law Sheung Wai 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.6

Study Design: Retrospective study.Purpose: To investigate the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic implant failure in spinal metastasis surgery and identify potential risk factors.Overview of Literature: Surgical stabilization with instrumentation is an established method for the treatment of spinal metastasis. However, very few studies have investigated the incidence and risk factors for implant failure after spinal instrumentation surgery for the treatment of spinal metastasis.Methods: This study recruited 88 patients who received surgical stabilization with instrumentation for the treatment of spinal metastasis. Their medical records and postoperative X-rays were reviewed for evidence of implant failure. Statistical analysis with logistic regression was performed to assess nine potential risk factors for the development of implant failure, including patient’s age at operation, gender, survival, primary tumor, spinal level involved, construct length, decompression levels, fusion material utilization, and radiotherapy application either before or after surgery, to identify potential contributing risk factors.Results: Implant failure was identified in nine out of 88 cases (10.2%) with two cases requiring implant removal: one case included a progressive kyphosis that resulted in nonhealing sore and the other involved a deep-seated wound infection that spread to the implants. Another case required wound debridement due to superficial wound infection. The remaining six cases were asymptomatic, despite postoperative X-rays demonstrating evidence of implant failure. No patient required implant revision. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients who received radiotherapy either before or after surgery were less likely to develop implant failure.Conclusions: The development of radiological implant failure following surgical treatment of spinal metastasis is common. However, symptomatic implant failure leading to revision surgery is uncommon. Our findings suggest that radiotherapy, either before or after spinal surgery, is not associated with the development of implant failure.

The impact of preoperative glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on postoperative complications after elective major abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis

Wong Joanna K. L.,Ke Yuhe,Ong Yi Jing,Li HuiHua,Wong Ting Hway,Abdullah Hairil Rizal 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.75 No.1

Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for postoperative complications. Previous meta-analyses have shown that elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are associated with postoperative complications in various surgical populations. However, this is the first meta-analysis to investigate the association between preoperative HbA1c levels and postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery.Methods: PRISMA guidelines were adhered to for this study. Six databases were searched up to April 1, 2020. Primary studies investigating the effect of HbA1c levels on postoperative complications after elective major abdominal surgery were included. Risk of bias and quality of evidence assessments were performed. Data were pooled using a random effects model. Meta-regression was performed to evaluate different HbA1c cut-off values. Results: Twelve observational studies (25,036 patients) were included. Most studies received a ‘good’ and ‘moderate quality’ score using the NOS and GRADE, respectively. Patients with a high HbA1c had a greater risk of anastomotic leaks (odds ratio [OR]: 2.80, 95% CI [1.63, 4.83], P < 0.001), wound infections (OR: 1.21, 95% CI [1.08, 1.36], P = 0.001), major complications defined as Clavien-Dindo [CD] 3–5 (OR: 2.16, 95% CI [1.54, 3.01], P < 0.001), and overall complications defined as CD 1–5 (OR: 2.12, 95% CI [1.48, 3.04], P < 0.001).Conclusions: An HbA1c between 6% and 7% is associated with higher risks of anastomotic leaks, wound infections, major complications, and overall postoperative complications. Therefore, guidelines with an HbA1c threshold > 7% may be putting pre-optimized patients at risk. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to explore causation before policy changes are made.

Corrigendum to "[URANS prediction of hydrodynamic interaction between LHD and supply vessel during replenishment in calm water" 2019]

Wong, Qin Yao,Tang, Haoli,Jin, Yuting,Duffy, Jonathan,Chai, Shuhong,Chin, Christopher The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2020 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.12 No.1

Botanical Characteristics, Fresh Yield and Table Qualities of CNU Waxy Corn Hybrids

Wong-Hyeun Na,Moon-Sub Lee,Ji-hyung Ha,Jae-Hyeon Yang,Hee-Bong Lee 한국작물학회 2015 Korean journal of crop science Vol.60 No.1

A total of CNU 28 hybrids were developed at the CNU Corn Breeding Lab. were evaluated to identify new cultivars in botanical characteristics, fresh yield per 10a and taste qualities. Most of these hybrids were stable in environmental stresses such as lodging, disease and insects. Stem height ranged from 115.0 to 239.3 cm, and ear height ranged from 30.7 to 107.0 cm. The ear height to stem height ratio was showed low than 50% of standard as a stable plant type to lodging. The range of ear length was 14.2 cm to 23.0 cm. Especially, CNU 13H-73 was very longest ear as a 23 cm. The fresh yield per 10a was high in purple of CNU13H-79 hybrid than control hybrid Miheuckchal, and CNU13H-73 in white hybrid was similar Yeonnong check hybrid. The 100-kernel weights in CNU13H-3 and CNU13H-9 hybrids were higher than that of the control hybrid. CNU13H-98 among hybrids had a 100-kernel weight of 20.32 g, which was heavier than that of the control hybrid Daehackchal Gold 1. The average pericarp thickness was 41.4 μm, CNU13H-46 among hybrids had a very thin pericarp as a 35.5 μm. The mean sugar content of the used hybrids was 14.95 brix%; CNU13H-73 and CNU13H-55 had higher than Mibak2 as a control hybrid.