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Deciphering the Genes for Taste Receptors for Fructose in Drosophila
Uchizono, Shun,Itoh, Taichi Q.,Kim, Haein,Hamada, Naoki,Kwon, Jae Young,Tanimura, Teiichi Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.10
Taste sensitivity to sugars plays an essential role in the initiation of feeding behavior. In Drosophila melanogaster, recent studies have identified several gustatory receptor (Gr) genes required for sensing sweet compounds. However, it is as yet undetermined how these GRs function as taste receptors tuned to a wide range of sugars. Among sugars, fructose has been suggested to be detected by a distinct receptor from other sugars. While GR43A has been reported to sense fructose in the brain, it is not expressed in labellar gustatory receptor neurons that show taste response to fructose. In contrast, the Gr64a-Gr64f gene cluster was recently shown to be associated with fructose sensitivity. Here we sought to decipher the genes required for fructose response among Gr64a-Gr64f genes. Unexpectedly, the qPCR analyses for these genes show that labellar expression levels of Gr64d and Gr64e are higher in fructose low-sensitivity flies than in high-sensitivity flies. Moreover, gustatory nerve responses to fructose in labellar sensilla are higher in Gr64d and Gr64f mutant lines than in mutant flies of the other Gr64a-Gr64f genes. These data suggest the possibility that deletion of GR64D or GR64F may indirectly induce enhanced fructose sensitivity in the labellum. Finally, we conclude that response to fructose cannot be explained by a single one of the Gr64a-Gr64f genes.
Kang, Hyun-Sil,Itoh, Naoki,Limpanont, Yanin,Lee, Hye-Mi,Whang, Ilson,Choi, Kwang-Sik Elsevier 2019 Journal of invertebrate pathology Vol.163 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Paramyxean parasites in the genus <I>Marteilia</I> deteriorate digestive tissues of the host organisms, resulting in mortality of oysters, cockles, and mussels. Most reports of infection by <I>Marteilia</I> spp. are from Europe, while a new species of <I>Marteilia</I> was identified recently in Japan. Here, we report a previously unidentified species in the genus <I>Marteilia</I> from digestive diverticula of Manila clam <I>Ruditapes philippinarum</I> from the south coast of Korea. Prevalence of the parasite was low, 0.5–3.3% in the study sites. We characterized this species using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and analyzed the 18S rDNA sequence. Light microscopy revealed the sporulation process from uninucleated stage to spore in the epithelial tissues of the digestive gland. TEM revealed that the parasites produced four secondary cells containing four tri-cellular spores. An electron-dense haplosporosome-like structure and striated inclusions were evident in the spore and the primary cells, respectively, while refringent granules were rarely observed in the secondary cells. Phylogenetic analyses of the 18S rDNA sequence placed this isolate in the genus <I>Marteilia</I>, although it is not identical to other known species in the genus. Based on morphological and molecular characters, we describe this species as <I>Marteilia tapetis</I> sp. nov., the second <I>Marteilia</I> species reported parasitizing Manila clams in Asian waters.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel paramyxean parasite, <I>Marteilia tapetis</I> sp. nov<I>.</I> infecting Manila clams is described. </LI> <LI> Uni-nucleated stages to spores were present in the epithelial tissues of digestive gland. </LI> <LI> This is the second <I>Marteilia</I> species reported parasitizing Manila clams in Asian waters. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
( Yoshiki Hirooka ),( Akihiro Itoh ),( Hiroki Kawashima ),( Eizaburo Ohno ),( Yuya Itoh ),( Yosuke Nakamura ),( Takeshi Hiramatsu ),( Hiroyuki Sugimoto ),( Hajime Sumi ),( Daijiro Hayashi ),( Naoki Oh 대한소화기학회 2013 Gut and Liver Vol.7 No.4
Background/Aims: To confirm the feasibility of using newly developed endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with Zone sonographyTM technology (ZST; Fujifilm Corp.). Methods: Seventy-five patients with pancreatic disorders were enrolled: 45 with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; 15 with ductal carcinoma; five with neuroendocrine tumors; three with serous cystic neoplasms; and seven with simple cysts. The endoscopes used were EG-530UR2 and EG-530UT2 (Fujifilm Corp.). Two items were evaluated: visualization depth among four frequencies and image quality after automatic adjustment of sound speed (AASS), assessed using a 5-scale Likert scale by two endosonographers blinded to disease status. Because sound speed could be manually controlled, besides AASS, image quality at sound speeds of 1,440 and 1,600 m/sec were also assessed. Results: In all cases, sufficient images were obtained in the range of 3 cm from the EUS probe. Judgments of image quality before AASS were 3.49 0.50, 3.65±0.48, respectively. After AASS, A and B scored 4.36±0.48 and 4.40±0.49 (p<0.0001). There were significant differences in the data before and after AASS and plus 60 m/sec, but no significant difference between the datasets were seen after AASS and at sound speeds manually set for minus 100 m/sec. Conclusions: EUS with ZST was shown to be feasible in this preliminary experiment. Further evaluation of this novel technology is necessary and awaited. (Gut Liver 2013; 7:486-491)
Deciphering the Genes for Taste Receptors for Fructose in Drosophila
Shun Uchizono,Taichi Q. Itoh,김해인,Naoki Hamada,권재영,Teiichi Tanimura 한국분자세포생물학회 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.10
Taste sensitivity to sugars plays an essential role in the initiation of feeding behavior. In Drosophila melanogaster, recent studies have identified several gustatory receptor (Gr) genes required for sensing sweet compounds. However, it is as yet undetermined how these GRs function as taste receptors tuned to a wide range of sugars. Among sugars, fructose has been suggested to be detected by a distinct receptor from other sugars. While GR43A has been reported to sense fructose in the brain, it is not expressed in labellar gustatory receptor neurons that show taste response to fructose. In contrast, the Gr64a–Gr64f gene cluster was recently shown to be associated with fructose sensitivity. Here we sought to decipher the genes required for fructose response among Gr64a–Gr64f genes. Unexpectedly, the qPCR analyses for these genes show that labellar expression levels of Gr64d and Gr64e are higher in fructose low-sensitivity flies than in high-sensitivity flies. Moreover, gustatory nerve responses to fructose in labellar sensilla are higher in Gr64d and Gr64f mutant lines than in mutant flies of the other Gr64a–Gr64f genes. These data suggest the possibility that deletion of GR64D or GR64F may indirectly induce enhanced fructose sensitivity in the labellum. Finally, we conclude that response to fructose cannot be explained by a single one of the Gr64a–Gr64f genes.
Tetsuya Shindo,Kohei Hashimoto,Takashi Shimizu,Naoki Itoh,Naoya Masumori 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.4
Purpose: We conducted a prospective single-center study to evaluate the possibility of discontinuation of dutasteride after combination therapy with an alpha blocker for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: We prospectively treated BPH patients with an alpha blocker and dutasteride (0.5 mg/d). Patients who had been treated with alpha blockers against BPH for more than 2 months were eligible, and 20 patients were included in the study. After 6 months of combination therapy, dutasteride was discontinued. Patients were followed for 12 months after cessation. Prostate volume, intraprostatic architecture determined by transrectal ultrasound, peak urinary flow rate, postvoid residual urine volume, and the serum prostate-specific antigen level were evaluated every 6 months, and the International Prostate Symptom Score and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) every 3 months. Patients were allowed to restart dutasteride during the follow-up period according to their desire. Results: Twelve patients (12/20, 60%) restarted the combination therapy from 6 to 12 months into the follow-up period. For patients who restarted dutasteride, the prostate volume and OABSS had increased and worsened after discontinuation, respectively. A visible transition zone with a clear border on transrectal ultrasound at baseline and regrowth of the prostate after discontinuation of dutasteride were risk factors for restarting the therapy (Mann-Whitney U test: p=0.008, p=0.017). Conclusions: Prostatic enlargement after discontinuation of dutasteride differs among patients. Rapid regrowth of the prostate leads to deterioration of storage symptoms and a tendency to restart dutasteride. Baseline intraprostatic architecture may be a predictive factor for whether the patient is a good candidate for discontinuation.
Yano Yuichiro,Kanegae Hiroshi,Node Koichi,Mizuno Atsushi,Nishiyama Akira,Rakugi Hiromi,Itoh Hiroshi,Kitaoka Kaori,Kashihara Naoki,Ikeno Fumiaki,Tsuji Ichiro,Okada Kunio 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-
OBJECTIVES: Using a dataset from a survey on national health and productivity management, we identified health and productivity factors associated with organizational profitability. METHODS: The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry conducted an annual survey on Health and Productivity Management between 2014 and 2021. We assessed the associations of organizational health and productivity management using survey questions collected in 2017 and 2018, and the rate of change in profits from 2017 and 2018 to 2020. We identified factors associated with organizational profitability using eXtreme Gradient Boosting, and calculated SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values for each factor. RESULTS: Among 1,593 companies (n= 4,359,834 employees), the mean age for employees at baseline was 40.3 years and the proportion of women was 25.8%. The confusion matrix for evaluating model performance had accuracy of 0.997, precision of 0.993, recall of 0.997; and area under the precision-recall curve of 0.999. The most important factors related to an increase in corporate profits were the percentage of current smokers (SHAP value 0.121), per-employee cost for health services (0.084) and medical services (0.050); the percentage of full-time employees working in sales departments (0.074), distribution or customer service departments (0.054); the percentage of employees who sleep well (0.055); and the percentage of employees who have a habit of regular exercise within a company (0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The lifestyle health risk factors of employees and organizations’ management systems were associated with organizational profitability. Lifestyle medicine professionals may demonstrate a significant return on investment by creating a healthier and more productive workforce.