Damage Potential and Vulnerability Functions of Strategic buildings in the City of Algiers

Mustapha Remki,Djillali Benouar 대한토목학회 2014 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.18 No.6

The estimation of losses resulting from an earthquake requires that for each building class, the relationship between the intensity ofground shaking and damage degree must be known or developed. Potential earthquake damage to structures, human beings andpersonal property have been the scope of numerous studies. Different approaches have been employed so far to estimate earthquakecasualties and damage. This paper describe the basic concept for development of analytical vulnerability functions based essentiallyon so called damage model which was performed from probabilistic studies on seismic capacity of existing buildings in the city ofAlgiers (Algeria). Regarding the developed model for assessing the seismic damage, vulnerability functions of specific losses(potential losses for a specific urban area in terms of meter square area of building slabs which may involve causalities) weredeveloped in order to predict the expected seismic risk for a given ground motion scenario.

TOA Estimation Technique for IR-UWB Based on Homogeneity Test

Mustapha Djeddou,Hichem Zeher,Younes Nekachtali,Karim Drouiche 한국전자통신연구원 2013 ETRI Journal Vol.35 No.5

This paper deals with the estimation of the time of arrival (TOA) of ultra-wideband signals under IEEE 802.15.4a channel models. The proposed approach is based on a randomness test and consists of determining whether an autoregressive (AR) process modeling an energy frame is random or not by using a distance to measure the randomness. The proposed method uses a threshold that is derived analytically according to a preset false alarm probability. To highlight the effectiveness of the developed approach, simulation setups as well as real data experiments are conducted to assess the performance of the new TOA estimation algorithm. Thereby, the proposed method is compared with the cell averaging constant false alarm rate technique, the threshold comparison algorithm, and the technique based on maximum energy selection with search back. The obtained results are promising, considering both simulations and collected real-life data.

Les conditions de la responsabilité contractuelle

Mustapha Mekki 한국민사법학회 2013 民事法學 Vol.65 No.-

En cette période de forte harmonisation entre les systèmes juridiques, auservice d’un « Grand » droit civil européen, le système juridique françaisfait souvent l’objet de débats en raison de sa forte singularité. Il existerait,dit-on, une french touch. Cette remarque est particulièrement vraie àl’analyse de la responsabilité contractuelle et de ses conditions. Cettesingularité des conditions de la responsabilité contractuelle du droit françaisen fait toute la force. Cette force, la responsabilité contractuelle la tient, en premier lieu, de laflexibilité de ses conditions de mise en oeuvre. Elle s’appuie sur unecertaine élasticité des contours du contrat, au sens de porosité de sescontours et de densité de son contenu. Elle s’appuie également sur uneintensité variable des obligations allant de l’obligation de moyens allégée àl’obligation de résultat renforcée en passant par diverses intensités. La force de la responsabilité contractuelle vient, en deuxième lieu, de laflexibilité de ses conditions d’exonération. Ces causes d’exonération peuventêtre prévues par les parties en accordant une place centrale à la libertécontractuelle dans le respect de la force obligatoire du contrat. Ces causespeuvent également ne pas être prévues par les parties et renvoient auxcas d’exonération totale ou partielle de responsabilité. La responsabilité contractuelle est un vrai concept. La flexibilité de sesconditions de mise en oeuvre et d’exonération justifie qu’elle coexiste avecla responsabilité extracontractuelle. Son avenir dépend cependant du maintien d’un juste équilibre. L’équation idéale serait la suivante :indemniser dans le respect raisonnable de l’attente légitime des parties etdans le respect de la force obligatoire du contrat.

Optimization and characterization of biodiesel produced from vegetable oil

Mustapha, Amina T.,Abdulkareem, Saka A.,Jimoh, Abdulfatai,Agbajelola, David O.,Okafor, Joseph O. Techno-Press 2013 Advances in energy research Vol.1 No.2

The world faces several issues of energy crisis and environmental deterioration due to over-dependence on single source of which is fossil fuel. Though, fuel is needed as ingredients for industrial development and growth of any country, however the fossil fuel which is a major source of energy for this purpose has always been terrifying thus the need for alternative and renewable energy sources. The search for alternative energy sources resulted into the acceptance of a biofuel as a reliable alternative energy source. This work presents the study of optimization of process of transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using NaOH as catalyst. A $2^4$ factorial design method was employed to investigate the influence of ratio of oil to methanol, temperature, NaOH concentration, and transesterification time on the yield of biodiesel from vegetable oil. Low and high levels of the key factors considered were 4:1 and 6:1 mole ratio, 30 and $60^{\circ}C$ temperatures, 0.5 and 1.0 wt% catalyst concentration, and 30 and 60 min reaction time. Results obtained revealed that oil to methanol molar ratio of 6:1, tranesetrification temperature of $60^{\circ}C$, catalyst concentration of 1.0wt % and reaction time of 30 min are the best operating conditions for the optimum yield of biofuel from vegetable oil, with optimum yield of 95.8%. Results obtained on the characterizzation of the produced biodiesel indicate that the specific gravity, cloud point, flash point, sulphur content, viscosity, diesel index, centane number, acid value, free glycerine, total glycerine and total recovery are 0.8899, 4, 13, 0.0087%, 4.83, 25, 54.6. 0.228mgKOH/g, 0.018, 0.23% and 96% respectively. Results also indicate that the qualities of the biodiesel tested for are in conformity with the set standard. A model equation was developed based on the results obtained using a statistical tool. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of data shows that mole ratio of ground nut oil to methanol and transesterification time have the most pronounced effect on the biodiesel yield with contributions of 55.06% and 9.22% respectively. It can be inferred from the results various conducted that vegetable oil locally produced from groundnut oil can be utilized as a feedstock for biodiesel production.

Futurs africains, postcolonialisme et mythe du developpement

( Mustapha Machrafi ) 서울대학교 불어문화권연구소 2012 Revue dEtudes Francophones Vol.1 No.-

A refined quasi-3D hybrid-type higher order shear deformation theory for bending and Free vibration analysis of advanced composites beams

Mustapha Meradjah,Khaled Bouakkaz,Fatima Zohra Zaoui,Abdelouahed Tounsi 한국풍공학회 2018 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.27 No.4

In this paper, a new displacement field based on quasi-3D hybrid-type higher order shear deformation theory is developed to analyze the static and dynamic response of exponential (E), power-law (P) and sigmoïd (S) functionally graded beams. Novelty of this theory is that involve just three unknowns with including stretching effect, as opposed to four or even greater numbers in other shear and normal deformation theories. It also accounts for a parabolic distribution of the transverse shear stresses across the thickness, and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions at beams surfaces without introducing a shear correction factor. The beam governing equations and boundary conditions are determined by employing the Hamilton’s principle. Navier-type analytical solutions of bending and free vibration analysis are provided for simply supported beams subjected to uniform distribution loads. The effect of the sigmoid, exponent and power-law volume fraction, the thickness stretching and the material length scale parameter on the deflection, stresses and natural frequencies are discussed in tabular and graphical forms. The obtained results are compared with previously published results to verify the performance of this theory. It was clearly shown that this theory is not only accurate and efficient but almost comparable to other higher order shear deformation theories that contain more number of unknowns.

A new higher order shear and normal deformation theory for functionally graded beams

Mustapha Meradjah,Abdelouahed Tounsi,Abdelhakim Kaci,Mohammed Sid Ahmed Houari,S. R. Mahmoud 국제구조공학회 2015 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.18 No.3

In this scientific work, constructing of a novel shear deformation beam model including the stretching effect is of concern for flexural and free vibration responses of functionally graded beams. The particularity of this model is that, in addition to considering the transverse shear deformation and the stretching effect, the zero transverse shear stress condition on the beam surface is assured without introducing the shear correction parameter. By employing the Hamilton's principle together with the concept of the neutral axe's position for such beams, the equations of motion are obtained. Some examples are performed to demonstrate the effects of changing gradients, thickness stretching, and thickness to length ratios on the bending and vibration of functionally graded beams.

Evaluation of 3M™ loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based kit and 3M™ ready-to-use plating system for detection of Listeria in naturally contaminated leafy vegetables, chicken, and their related processing environments

Mustapha Goni Abatcha,Pei Ling Tan,Li- Oon Chuah,Gulam Rusul,S. R. Chandraprasad,Mohd. Esah Effarizah 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.8

The effectiveness of two different rapid methodsinvolving the 3MTM molecular detection assay Listeria andthe 3MTM Petrifilm environmental Listeria Plate wereevaluated for the rapid detection of Listeria from naturallycontaminated vegetables and chicken-processing environmentsagainst the standard culture-based method. A total of178 samples were examined for the presence of Listeria. Atotal of 47/178 (26.4%) by standard ISO culture-basedmethod (EN ISO 11290-1), 42/178 (23.6%) by 3MTMMDA Listeria and 40/178 (22.5%) by 3MTM Petrifilm ELPlate showed positive results, respectively. The accuracy,sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negativepredictive value for 3MTM MDA Listeria and 3MTMPetrifilm EL Plate were 97.2, 89.4, 99.3, 97.7, 96.4% and96.1, 85.1, 100.0, 100.0, 94.9%, respectively. Based on theCohen’s Kappa value, there was a complete and robustconcordance between 3MTM MDA Listeria (0.911) and3MTM Petrifilm EL Plates (0.894) as compared to thestandard culture-based method.

Petrographic and Magnetic Fabric Investigation of the Tadaout-Tizi n’Rsas Dyke Swarms in the Eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco

Mustapha Ait Daoud,Mourad Essalhi,Abdelhafid Essalhi,Abdeslam Toummite 대한자원환경지질학회 2021 자원환경지질 Vol.54 No.6

Located in the eastern part of the Anti-Atlas, the Tafilalet region shows numerous dykes and sills that crosscut the Paleozoic terrains. The magmatic structures (dykes and sills) of the Tadaout-Tizi n Rsas (TTR) anticline is studied here, it located neighboring the main branch of the Anti-Atlas Major Fault (AAMF), known in this location as the Oumejrane-Taouz Fault (OJTF). The N20° to N60° trending dykes crosscut the Paleozoic formations (Ordovician to Devonian), whereas sills are injected into the Silurian and Devonian ones. The dyke swarms of TTR have been studied using the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS), petrographic study and structural analyses. The petrographic study of the TTR doleritic dykes shows a dominance of plagioclase feldspars, alkali feldspars, amphiboles, pyroxenes and biotite. The dykes contain also mesotype (natrolite), sphene (titanite), apatite, actinolite and pegmatitic enclaves of biotite, orthoclase feldspars and pelites. Concerning field works, they show the deformation of TTR dykes by the Variscan tectonics events, it is marked by the presence of displacements (strike-slip faults) and cleavages. The Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) measured on magmatic specimens show the dominance of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic minerals. The high values of MS in the dykes are due to the presence of hematite, amphibole, pyroxene and biotite. In addition their magnetic fabric, determined by our AMS study, allows us to reconstitute the tectonic event which affected the magmatic bodies. This one is characterized by a magnetic foliation and a NNW-trending lineation that reflect the Variscan shortening orientation.

Experimental study of degradation and biodegradability of oxytetracycline antibiotic in aqueous solution using Fenton process

Mustapha Zouanti,Mohamed Bezzina,Ramdhane Dhib 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.3

The degradation of aqueous oxytetracycline (OTC) from an aqueous solution antibiotic using H₂O₂/Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> process was studied in one 1 L batch chemical reactor. The extent of OTC degradation (20 mg/L) was investigated from a known initial pH solution, temperature and the type of catalyst (Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>, Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>) and for various initial concentrations of OTC, H₂O₂ and Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>. The degradation efficiency achieved was found to be very important (90.82% and 90.63%) at initial pH solution of 3 and 4, respectively. However, the type of catalyst and the reaction temperature had a slight impact on the final degradation of OTC. The results showed that the OTC removal increased with increasing initial H₂O₂ concentration in the range of 70 to 150 mg/L and initial Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> concentrations in the range of 2 to 5 mg/L. The highest degradation efficiency obtained at ambient temperature was 90.95% with initial concentration of OTC of 10 mg/L, H₂O₂ = 150 mg/L and Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> = 5 mg/L. Moreover, biodegradability improved from 0.04 to 0.36 and chemical oxygen demand degradation was 78.35% after 60 min of treatment. This study proved that Fenton process can be used for pretreatment of wastewater contaminated by OTC before a biological treatment.