Morin Protects Acute Liver Damage by Carbon Tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in Rat

Lee, Hee-Seung,Jung, Kyung-Hee,Hong, Sang-Won,Park, In-Sub,Lee, Chong-Mu,Han, Hyo-Kyung,Lee, Don-Haeng,Hong, Soon-Sun 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.9

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible beneficial effects of morin on $CCl_4$-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats received a single dose of $CCl_4$ ($150{\mu}L$/100 g 1:1 in corn oil). Morin treatment (20 mg/kg) was given at 48, 24, and 2 h before $CCl_4$ administration. $CCl_4$ challenge elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, but these effects were prevented by the pretreatment of rats with morin. To identify the mechanism of protective activity of morin in $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, we investigated expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS). The expressions of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and iNOS were increased by $CCl_4$ treatment and increased expressions of those were decreased by morin. These findings suggest that morin prevents acute liver damage by inhibiting the production of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and iNOS.

일 농촌지역에서 발기부전의 유병률 및 상관 요인

홍진표,송해철,이무송,이창화,안준호,한오수,안태영,김성윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rural area of Korea and to examine the relationship between the prevalence and correlates of subjects. Method : This study was done as a part of the chronic disease survey of rural area by the Asan Foundation. Among 30 years or older population from Jung Eup, a rural area of Korea, 711 male subjects were sampled using a cluster probability sampling method. Trained interviewers visited and interviewed subjects aged 30 years or older with a structured interview. ED was categorized as 'none', 'mild', 'moderate', or 'severe' according to the ability to 'attain and/or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse'. Response rate was 54.3% (N=386). Results : The age weighted prevalence of ED was 27.2% (minimal 14.1%, moderate 7.6%, severe 5.5%). Prevalence and severity increased with age. Liver disease and underweight were significantly (p<0.05) associated with ED. Smoking seemed to be correlated with ED, but did not reach statistically significant level. Conclusion : ED was highly prevalent in the rural community of Korea. Medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients at risk for ED and offer insight to its etiology.

인터넷 폰 시스템에서 음성 패킷 손실 보상을 위한 동적 부가 전송 알고리즘의 성능 분석

김무중,권철홍 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

In ITU H.323 teleconference system, the RTP/RTCP protocol is offered to transfer real-time multimedia stream. Both sender and receiver have experience in packet loss and jitter which result from network congestion over Internet. Audio quality over Internet depends on the number of lost packets and on jitter between successive packets. The goal of our study is to improve the speech quality over Internet by adapting the packet loss characteristics of the network and adopting the buffer control management mechanism at receiver. We suggest a dynamic redundant audio transmission mechanism which examines the packet loss rate and uses the feedback information through RTCP.

수용액에서 N-[(4,6-Disubstituted Pyrimidin-2-yl)Aminocarbonyl] Saccharin 유도체의 합성

윤무홍,이천수 啓明大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産業技術硏究所 論文報告集 Vol.20 No.-

N-[(4,6-Disubstituted pyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin derivatives can be easily synthesized by treating the basic solution of alkyl or phenyl (2-methoxycarbonyl phenyl sulfonyl)carbamate is dissolved in excess potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, with the acidic solution of 2-amino-4,6-disubstituted pyrimidine ammonium chlorides. Their corresponding chemical structures are identified by IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR as follows: N-[(pyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin(5), N-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin(6),N-[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino-carbony]saccharin(7), N-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) aminocarbonyl]saccharin(8), N-[(4-ethoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl]aminocarbonyl]saccharin(9), N-[(4-i-propoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin(10), N-[(4-butoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin(11).

지지력 실험을 통한 지반강도정수의 추정에 관한 연구

송무효,홍석우 동의대학교 산업기술개발연구소 2001 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

기존의 얕은 기초의 지지력 이론은 지반이 동시파괴(전반전단파괴)를 일으킨다는 강소성을전제로 하고 있으며, 이론식 속의 지지력 계수(Nc, Nr, Nq)는 단지 지반의 내부마찰각(φ)만의 함수로 표현되어져 있다. 따라서 파괴의 진행성, 또는 재하폭에 따른 영향이 명확히 고려되어져 있지 않다. 이에 본 논문에서는 주문진사를 이용하여 중간·조밀의 모래지반을 성형하곡 재하폭(B)을 변화시켜 실험하였다. 실험결과로부터 조밀한 모래지반에서도 진행성 파괴(Progressive Failure)와 크기 효과(Scale Effect)가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이들 영향을 고려하기 위하여 이론과 실험에 의한 Nr의 비를 지지력계수비(Rr)라고 정의하였고, 모래지반의 내부마찰각을 추정하는 방법을 제안하였다. The theoretical bearing capacity equation of shallow foundation has been proposed under the state of a general shear failure and by using the rigid plastic theory. The bearing capacity factors(Nc, Nr, Nq) of theoretical equation are also decided by internal friction angle(φ) only of ground. Therefore, the effect of progressive failure and loading width are not considered in it. In this paper, the laboratory model tests are performed for medium and dense Joomunjin standard sand with variation of width of loading plate. From test results, the effect of progressive failure and loading width are analyzed. And, the ratio of bearing capacity factor(Rr) is defined, which can be calculated using theoretical value of Nr and experimental value(Nr') of Nr. By using ratio of bearing capacity factor(Rr), the internal friction angle of sand ground can be obtained from test results of bearing capacity.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of LFR on LPS-stimulated THP-1 Cells

정승기,Sul, Mu-Chang,Kim, Hong-Yeoul,Roh, Young-Lae,Jung, Hee-Jae,Jung, Sung-Ki 대한한방내과학회 2009 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.30 No.2

Background and Objective: Luffae Fructus Retinervus (LFR) is used for investigating symptoms of inflammation. We have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of LFR by analyzing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods : We differentiated THP-l cells into macrophage-like cells by treatment with PMA. Inflammation was induced by treatment with LPS and PMA. We determined the safe concentration of LFR by using the MTS and MTT assays and using PD 98059 as a negative control for comparison of the anti-inflammatory effect of LFR. Results : The MTS and MTT analysis showed that the cell survival rate was >80% within the LFR concentration range of 10-100 ng/ml and began to decrease to >80% at 1 ${\mu}g/ml$. By RT-PCR analysis, the gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-8, TGF-${\beta}$, IL-6, IL-${\beta}$1, and IL-10 levels were down-regulated when monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with concentrations of LFR between 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL. Conclusion : We conclude that LFR exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory activity. The results suggest a promising way to treat general inflammatory diseases.

상이동 촉매에 의한 염화벤질과 티오시안산 칼륨의 치환 반응에 관한 반응속도론

장승현,윤무홍 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 1986 産業技術硏究 Vol.5 No.-

The catalytic effects of several phase transfer catalysts on the displacement reaction of benzyl chloride with aqueous potassium thiocyanate in a two phase system have been determined. The kinetics are linearly dependent on catalyst concentration. The examination of the relative rates with various catalysts showed the following trend: NH₄Cl<PhCH₂N(CH₃)₃Cl<18-Crown-6<PhCH₂N(C₂H_(5))₃Cl<P.E.G.<(n-Bu)₄NCl<CTMAB Kinetic analyses of the data suggest that rate determining step occurs in the interphase microemulsion comprisiting of the surfactant, the anion and the apolar solvents. Increased rate was also observed with more polar organic solvents.

地域經濟活性化를 위한 農村市場開發에 관한 硏究 : 忠南 禮山地域市場을 中心으로

尹畯相,李武鉉,申尹撤,洪性贊,朴奉圭 公州大學校 産業開發硏究所 1994 産業開發硏究 Vol.2 No.-

Since the first year economic development plan, imblanced development of national territory during the economic development process has aggravated remarkable disparity between urban and rural areas. For this reason, this study introduced the development of rural market as one of the development strategies of regional economic to correct the imblance and relieve regional disparity. The purpose of this study were to look into the present situation of traditional rural market and to analyze the problems for the rural development in view of the current road situations in the rural areas and status of marketing facilities in market center and to measure the degree of rural area people's satisfaction to the rural market and to suggest the development plan of activating for rural market center. To collect data, the Yesan Gun rural market were selected and a total of 591 residents and 178 merchants were sampled as final subjects of survey. Interview and/or questionnaire method was the main method of data collection. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1) The population of Yesan Gun has decreased 2.85 persons per year from in 1984, but the number of vehicles were increased 2.85 times than in 1989. And the parking capacity of Yesan Eup was only 129 vehicles which were below of the total vehicles of Yesan Gun area (14,352). The number of Yesan area markets were 8 markets which consisted of 1 permanent market and 7 periodic markets. But as the economy has been developed, the conditions of rural markets have been changing. That is, the role of periodic market tends to be weakened with the growth of large cities, reinforcement of permanent markets, development of traffic facilities, large production, preferring high quality goods. 3) Generally, the people of Yesan Gun were attached for purchasing the necessaries of life and comodities and farming materials to ① Yesan Eup ② Seoul ③ Chonan Shi ④ Hongsung gun ⑤ Daejeon Shi. 4) The degree of community people's satisfaction to the town market presented 26.6% which meaned higher than dissatisfaction(9.5%). And the degree of people's inconvenience of accessibility to market center by transferring of bus terminal presented 64.2% which meaned higher than average. 5) The degree of people's dissatisfaction of traffic system in Yesan gun area presented followings: the road networks(61.5%), parking facility(68%), bus route(54%). 6) By the survey of merchants of Yesan gun area, on the average, it showed followings: the size of store was 6-10 pyeong(40%), the type of enterprise was retail dealer(70.9%), and purchasing place was wholesale dealer from Seoul(51.8%). 7) And they thought that Yesan town market were too small(70.8%), and the diversifying of goods was not enough(35.5%). 8) The merchants of Yesan area showed that the degree of into venience to traffic system was 72.7% and its to parking facility was 83.3%. And they complained that community administration agency have not tried to activate market(79.1%). Based on the results of this study, the following recommendation were made for activating regional economy and community market. That is, it is to strengthen the economic function in community market so as to suffice the economic and social activities for settlement area as their living space. And it is necessary to improve the interrelationship of the central functions. 1) So, the accessibility between market center and its surrounding areas must be rised. ① the enforcing preferentially to pave the bus terminal and market center to link two place. ② the running of shuttle-bus two place every regular market day. ③ the widening and connecting the road to rise accessibility between market center and its surrounding area. ④ the enforcement of parking facility around market center. ⑤ the constructing marketing centered area as intergrated body of various marketing facilities in the adjacent site is the centered area planned to achieve efficient marketing. 2) The modernization and specialization market center facilities. 3) The strengthening of drawing surrounding area people into Yesan market center. So, the following recommended: ① the development of special products market ② inducing special projects ③ the development tour and leisure course drawing industrial facilities. 4) And it needs to enforce community people's local patriotism and to support community markets by administration agency.

점토벽돌제조용 원료로서 석탄회의 재활용성

나춘기,이무성,홍순강 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1997 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the reusability of fly ashs produced by coal-fired power plants as an raw material in the manufacturing process of building resources such as brick, by investigating, in first, the mineralogical and chemical properties of raw materials including fly ashs of the Honam and the Samcheonpo thermal power plants and clay of the Hwangdeung area, and then examining the quility of pilot productions of fly ash-clay brick having various mixing proportions of fly ash. In general, the coal fly ashs separated in grain size under 200mesh and of Honam power plant have higher alkali contents but lower unburned carbon residues than those over 200mesh and of Samcheonpo power plant. This higher contents of alkali components such as CaO and Na2O and lower contents of unburned carbon have contributed to make dense structure in fly ahs-clay brick manufactured. Therefore, the clay brick manufactured by mixture of the Honam fly ash have more dence structure and much higher compressional strength than that of the Samcheonpo, and shows the trend of increasing the compressional strength from 1100-1300kg/㎠ to 170kg/㎠ with increasing the proportion of fly ash part from 10% to 50%. In contrast to Honam fly ash, the compressional strength of clay brick produced by the Samcheonpo fly ash decrease from 600-720kg/㎠ to 270-300kg/㎠ with increasing the mixing ratio of fly ash from 10% to 50%, due to high unburned carbon contents and low alkali contents of Samcheonpo fly ash.

西部慶南에서 發生한 소의 GLOBIDIUM病에 關한 報告

馬点述,박응복,李熙碩,文武洪 진주농과대학 1969 진주농과대학 연구논문집 Vol.- No.8

이번에 慶南 山淸郡에서 調査한 Globidium病發症牛 3例의 觀察에서 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. (1) 從來의 全南道 南部海岸地方의 本病發生地域 以外에 西部慶南에서도 Globidium病의 發生이 確認되었다. (2) 重症例에서 皮膚內의 原蟲胞囊의 分布密度는 매우 稠密하고 全身皮膚는 한점 남김없이 胞囊에 占據되어 있어 臨床的으로 瀕死期에 이룬 重態이었다. (3) 臟器, 組織別 胞囊의 分布는 皮膚上皮組織內, 眞皮層, 皮下骨格筋, 口唇腺 및 體淺部淋巴節에 있었다. (4) 皮膚외의 藏器의 組織學的所見은 口唇腺組織의 慢性增殖性炎, 骨格筋의 Zenker氏變性 및 體表淋巴節의 慢性淋巴節炎 이었다. Globiodiosis, cyst-forming protozoan disease which occur in South Africa, Sudan, France, Iberian Peninsula, Mexico and Korea, has been reported as an endemic skin disease in southern coast district of Cholranam-do, Korea. In the course of systemic examination of cattles in western Kyongsangnam-do showing thickend, rugous skin lesion during September, 1968, three cases of bovine Globiodiosis were observed. And in histological examination of the skin and other organs, we found characteristic globidial cysts of about 380-470μin diameter, composed of a thick wall of homogenous, pale blue staining substance lined on its inner surface by a thin ring of cytoplasm which contains two or eight large nuclei and with its inner contents, tiny crescentic bodies. And so, on the pathological studies of these globidial patients some findings were summerized as follows: 1. One of the affected patients exhibited extreme emaciation caused by cachexic condition with dispnea, oculonasal discharge, progressive scleroderma, thickening and fissuring of the skin and a alopecia representing umerous globidial cysts, present on any area of the whole skin. 2. The globidial cysts were distributed through the squamous epithelium of the skin, the dermal layer, the cutaneous skeletal muscle, the labial gland, and the superficial lymphnodes of the body. 3. Histopathological entity of the involved organs was characterized by chronic hyperplastic inflamation in the labial gland, Zenker's degeneration of the skeletal muscle and chronic lymphadenitis accompanying with diffuse reticular cell hyperplasia, multiple focal proliferation of plasma cells and macrophages in the medulally cords, and occupation with reticular cells macrophages and erythrocytes in the distend sinuses.