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Dietary Guidelines in a Multicultural Society
Lee, MK,Binns, CW 대한영양사협회 2001 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.7 No.2
아시아 태평양에서 사용하는 식생활 지침을 보면 넓은 부문에서의 권장을 큰 공통점을 가지고 있으나, 세세한 부분과 이행에 있어서는 종종 차이점을 갖는다. 식생활 지침 9개에서 가장 일반적인 사항은 다음과 같다. : 다양성(9), 지방(6), 식염(6), 알콜(6), 건강한 체중(5), 채소(5), 과일(5), 그리고 곡류, 탄수화물(4, 2). 공중보건 평가, 임상 중재, 통제된 실험연구는 가장 높은 증거의 수준의 하나로 간주되고, 연구의 meta-analysis는 더 설득력이 있다. 위의 식생활 지침들의 각 항목의 유용한 증거의 수준을 다시 살펴보았다. 발표된 meta-analysis는 비록 어떤 경우에 있어 증거가 특이한 질환이나 특이 연령계층에서 제한된다 할지라도 위 각 지침에 기초를 제공한다. 전반적인 식생활 지침은 과학적 증거에 기초를 두지만, 대중에게 제시되는 식생활지침은 사용 가능한 가장 좋은 증거를 토대로 확립될 수 있도록 지속적인 노력을 해야 한다.
Lee, JB,Lee, JE,Park, JH,Kim, SJ,Kim, MK,Roh, SI,Yoon, HS Society for the Study of Reproduction 2005 BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION Vol.72 No.1
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are usually established and maintained on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEFs) feeder layers. However, it is desirable to develop human feeder cells because animal feeder cells are associated with risks such as viral infection and/or pathogen transmission. In this study, we attempted to establish new hES cell lines using human uterine endometrial cells (hUECs) to prevent the risks associated with animal feeder cells and for their eventual application in cell-replacement therapy. Inner cell masses (ICMs) of cultured blastocysts were isolated by immunosurgery and then cultured on mitotically inactivated hUEC feeder layers. Cultured ICMs formed colonies by continuous proliferation and were allowed to proliferate continuously for 40, 50, and 55 passages. The established hES cell lines (Miz-hES-14, -15, and -9, respectively) exhibited typical hES cells characteristics, including continuous growth, expression of specific markers, normal karyotypes, and differentiation capacity. The hUEC feeders have the advantage that they can be used for many passages, whereas MEF feeder cells can only be used as feeder cells for a limited number of passages. The hUECs are available to establish and maintain hES cells, and the high expression of embryotrophic factors and extracellular matrices by hUECs may be important to the efficient growth of hES cells. Clinical applications require the establishment and expansion of hES cells under stable xeno-free culture systems.
자궁경부암에서 p53 억제 유전자 단백의 발현과 인유두종 바이러스감염과의 상관관계
이선경,김승보,이재현,이주희,장미경 대한산부인과학회 1995 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.38 No.12
경희대학교 의과대학 산부인과학교실에서는 자궁경부암 환자의 조직에서 면역조직화학적 방법에 의한 p53 단백의 발현과 In situ hybridization에 의한 인유두종 바이러스 16형과 18형의 감염 여부를 관찰하여 이들의 상관관계와 예후적 인자에 미치는 영향을 보았다. 전체 67례중 p53의 발현율은 23.9%였으며 인유두종 바이러스의 감염율은 70.1%였으며, 인유두종 바이러스 감염군에서 p53 단백이 발현되지 않은 경우가 발현된 예에 비하여 의의있게 증가하였는데(82.9% vs 17% , p=0.043), 인유두종 바이러스 비감염군에서는 p53 단백의 발현된 예가 발현되지 않은 예에 비하여 증가하지 않았다(40% vs 60%). p53 단백의 발현율과 인유두종 바이러스의 감염율은 FIGO의 임상병기가 진행할수록 증가하는 양상을 보였으며(p=0.05, p=0.57), 편평상피암종에서 p53 단백의 발현율은 각화 대세포형에서 비각화 대세포형에 비하여 증가하는 양상을 보였으나(p=0.01), 인유두종 바이러스의 감염율은 편평상피암종의 아형에는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.15). p53 단백의 발현율와 인유두종 바이러스의 감염율은 림프절 전이여부, 환자의 나이, 종양의 크기와 자궁경관내 침윤정도 등의 자궁경부의 예후적 지표와는 차이를 보이지 않았다. We examined the expression of tumor suppressor gene product, p53 protein, immunohistochemically by using p53 monoclonal antibody and HPV type 16/18 infection by in situ hybridization of fluorescein-labelled probe in tissue obtained from 67 cases of the uterine cervical cancer. In this study, we analyzed that each data affect the prognosis of uterine cervical cancer, and examined the hypothesis of inverse correlation between the presence of HPV infection and the mutant p53 protein. The overall expression the p53 protein was 23.9%. The expression rate was increased with advancing clinical stage, and the large cell keratinizing type has higher expression rate than nonkeratinizing type(42.1% vs 18.4%, p=0.01). The infection rate of HPV type 16/18 was 70.1% and increased with advancing clinical stage, but other prognostic factors of cervical cancer were not correlated with p53 protein expression and HPV type 16/18 infection. Compared expression rate of p53 with HPV type 16/18 infection, there was significant correlation between HPV type 16/18 positive tumor and vegative expression of p53(p=0.043).
이명근(MK Lee),장명익(MI Chang),김성자(SJ Kim),윤석한(SH Yoon),박인서(IS Park) 대한산부인과학회 1976 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.19 No.2
1. The majority of the gravidas belonged to the old teen-age group and no sighnificant correlation was found between the prevalence of teen-age pregnancy and the different year. 2. The highest incidence of age at menarche fell on 14 years old and average age at menarche was 14.4 years old. 3. Mean age at marriage showed a mild but regular rise to 1940 and then the sharper incline in the survey. From 1925 through 1968, the marriage age rose form 20.2 to 26.8 for men and from 16.7 to 23.0 for women, arise of about six and half years in each case 4. The majority of teen-age groups neither had abortion nor used contraception. 5. Abortion rate had risen considoderably at all ages since 1964 study but proportionately most at the youngest age. 6. According to the occupation of teen-age gravidas, legally approved housewife occupied 29.0%. 7. Forty five percent of all materials lived with thier parents and the rest of them lived in broken family or alone. 8. Illiterate group comprised 2.9% of all materials. No college girls were involved because they were usually beyond this teen-age group. 9. Out of 29 cases of interruption of pregnancy 10 cases were interrupted in the first trimester, 17 cases in the second trimester and 2 cases in the third trimester. respectively 10. Pregnancies were interrupted by means of dilatation and evacuation in 15 cases. pitocin incution with bougie in 9 cases and intraamniotic hypertonic saline instillation in 2 cases respectively.