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Self‐Propagating Domino‐like Reactions in Oxidized Graphite
Kim, Franklin,Luo, Jiayan,Cruzx2010,Silva, Rodolfo,Cote, Laura J.,Sohn, Kwonnam,Huang, Jiaxing WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Functional Materials Vol.20 No.17
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Graphite oxide (GO) has received extensive interest as a precursor for the bulk production of graphene‐based materials. Here, the highly energetic nature of GO, noted from the self‐propagating thermal deoxygenating reaction observed in solid state, is explored. Although the resulting graphene product is quite stable against combustion even in a natural gas flame, its thermal stability is significantly reduced when contaminated with potassium salt by‐products left from GO synthesis. In particular, the contaminated GO becomes highly flammable. A gentle touch with a hot soldering iron can trigger violent, catastrophic, total combustion of such GO films, which poses a serious fire hazard. This highlights the need for efficient sample purification methods. Typically, purification of GO is hindered by its tendency to gelate as the pH value increases during rinsing. A two‐step, acid–acetone washing procedure is found to be effective for suppressing gelation and thus facilitating purification. Salt‐induced flammability is alarming for the fire safety of large‐scale manufacturing, processing, and storage of GO materials. However, the energy released from the deoxygenation of GO can also be harnessed to drive new reactions for creating graphene‐based hybrid materials. Through such domino‐like reactions, graphene sheets decorated with metal and metal oxide particles are synthesized using GO as the in situ power source. Enhanced electrochemical capacitance is observed for graphene sheets loaded with RuO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles.</P>
X. S. Luo,J. Li,Y. L. Jin,C. P. Hu,D. Jia,S. P. Zhan,Y. Yu,M. Hua,H. T. Duan 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.8
Tribological properties of AlCoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy were studied after annealing at various temperatures. X-raydiffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, microhardness tester and pin-on-disc tribometeranalyses were performed to reveal the microstructure, composition, microhardness and tribological behavior variations. Withthe heat treatment temperature increasing, time taken for friction coefficient going through the rapidly dropping down andthen into the stable period increases, the white sheets structures and their size in dendrite area of the AlCoCrCuFeNi alloybecomes bigger, however BCC content declined dramatically. Then, the average friction coefficient of the AlCoCrCuFeNi/Si3N4 sliding friction pair increase from 0.037 to 0.115, and the pin wear loss increase from 3 to 11 μm.
Experimental Study of the Runaway Current in the J-TEXT Tokamak
Y. H. Luo,Z. Y. Chen,X. Q. Zhang,D. W. Huang,W. Jin,Y. H. Huang,Y. Tang,J. C. Li,R. H. Tong,W. Yan,G. Zhuang 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.3
Major plasma disruptions in tokamaks often generate runaway currents, which contain electronswith energies of several tens of megaelectron-volts (MeV). These currents can cause substantialdamage when control is lost and the current hits the limiters or the vessel wall. The interactionbetween the runaway electrons and the impurities inside the plasma results in soft X-ray emission,which can provide detailed information about the runaway generation process and the confinementof runaway electrons. A vertical soft X-ray array at the top of Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT) was used to study the runaway beams resulting from major disruptions. Runawayelectron production and confinement of runaway current were observed by using soft X-ray images.
Zhang, Z.H.,Fan, X.J.,Guo, H.X.,Zhang, W.,Zhang, C.Y.,Luo, F.Y. The Korean Vacuum Society 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.1
Amorphous ternary $Si_xC_yN-z$ thin films were obtained by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) using $N_2, SiH_4 \;and \;C_2H_4$ as the reaction sources. The chemical state were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The optical properties of the thin films were investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometer and ellipsometer, and the optical band gaps of thin films were determined from corresponding transmittance spectra following Tauc equation.
J. He,Q.Z. Cai,D. Zhu,Q. Luo,D.Q. Zhang,X.W. Li,X. Zhao,W. Sun 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.1
A WO_3/TiO_2 composite film was in-situ prepared in tungstate electrolyte and characterized by Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV―Vis spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence. The oxide film consists of mixture phases of anatase and rutile, showing porous structures and metallurgical bond with substrate. With the incorporation of WO_3 into TiO_2, the optical absorption edge of TiO_2 filmwas shifted to longer wavelength slightly and the separation between electrons and holes was promoted effectively. WO_3/TiO_2 composite film with increased photo quantum efficiency will be promising in the treatment of environmental pollutants.
Nanowire Perovskite Solar Cell
Im, Jeong-Hyeok,Luo, Jingshan,Franckevicx30c,ius, Marius,Pellet, Norman,Gao, Peng,Moehl, Thomas,Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja,Grax308,tzel, Michael,Park, Nam-Gyu American Chemical Society 2015 NANO LETTERS Vol.15 No.3
<P>Organolead iodide perovskite, CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB>, was prepared in the form of nanowire by means of a small quantity of aprotic solvent in two-step spin-coating procedure. One-dimensional nanowire perovskite with the mean diameter of 100 nm showed faster carrier separation in the presence of hole transporting layer and higher lateral conductivity than the three-dimensional nanocuboid crystal. Reduction in dimensionality resulted in the hypsochromic shift of both absorption and fluorescence spectra, indicative of more localized exciton states in nanowires. The best performing device employing nanowire CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB> delivered photocurrent density of 19.12 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, voltage of 1.052 V, and fill factor of 0.721, leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.71% at standard AM 1.5G solar illumination. A small <I>I</I>–<I>V</I> hysteresis was observed, where a PCE at forward scan was measured to be 85% of the PCE at reverse scan.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-3/acs.nanolett.5b00046/production/images/medium/nl-2015-00046q_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl5b00046'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Development of the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database II
Fö,ldvá,ry Lix10d,ina, Veronika,Cheung, Toby,Zhang, Hui,de Dear, Richard,Parkinson, Thomas,Arens, Edward,Chun, Chungyoon,Schiavon, Stefano,Luo, Maohui,Brager, Gail,Li, Peixian,Kaam, Soazig Elsevier 2018 Building and environment Vol.142 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recognizing the value of open-source research databases in advancing the art and science of HVAC, in 2014 the ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database II project was launched under the leadership of University of California at Berkeley's Center for the Built Environment and The University of Sydney's Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Laboratory. The exercise began with a systematic collection and harmonization of raw data from the last two decades of thermal comfort field studies around the world. The ASHRAE Global Thermal Comfort Database II (Comfort Database), now an online, open-source database, includes approximately 81,846 complete sets of objective indoor climatic observations with accompanying “<I>right-here-right-now</I>” subjective evaluations by the building occupants who were exposed to them. The database is intended to support diverse inquiries about thermal comfort in field settings. A simple web-based interface to the database enables filtering on multiple criteria, including building typology, occupancy type, subjects' demographic variables, subjective thermal comfort states, indoor thermal environmental criteria, calculated comfort indices, environmental control criteria and outdoor meteorological information. Furthermore, a web-based interactive thermal comfort visualization tool has been developed that allows end-users to quickly and interactively explore the data.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The scope, development, contents, and accessibility of the Comfort Database is documented. </LI> <LI> The Comfort Database II includes approximately 76,000 complete sets of thermal comfort data. </LI> <LI> The Comfort Database provides access to the collected raw data. </LI> <LI> Web-based interactive visualization tool was developed that allows end-users to interactively explore the data. </LI> </UL> </P>
Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor films through the nanoconfinement effect
Xu, Jie,Wang, Sihong,Wang, Ging-Ji Nathan,Zhu, Chenxin,Luo, Shaochuan,Jin, Lihua,Gu, Xiaodan,Chen, Shucheng,Feig, Vivian R.,To, John W. F.,Rondeau-Gagnex301,, Simon,Park, Joonsuk,Schroeder, Bob C.,L American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2017 Science Vol.355 No.6320
<P>Soft and conformable wearable electronics require stretchable semiconductors, but existing ones typically sacrifice charge transport mobility to achieve stretchability. We explore a concept based on the nanoconfinement of polymers to substantially improve the stretchability of polymer semiconductors, without affecting charge transport mobility. The increased polymer chain dynamics under nanoconfinement significantly reduces the modulus of the conjugated polymer and largely delays the onset of crack formation under strain. As a result, our fabricated semiconducting film can be stretched up to 100% strain without affecting mobility, retaining values comparable to that of amorphous silicon. The fully stretchable transistors exhibit high biaxial stretchability with minimal change in on current even when poked with a sharp object. We demonstrate a skinlike finger-wearable driver for a light-emitting diode.</P>
Luo, X.,Nam, J.Y.,Zhang, F.,Zhang, X.,Liang, P.,Huang, X.,Logan, B.E. Elsevier Applied Science 2013 Bioresource technology Vol.140 No.-
Waste heat can be captured as electrical energy to drive hydrogen evolution in microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cells (MRECs) by using thermolytic solutions such as ammonium bicarbonate. To determine the optimal membrane stack configuration for efficient hydrogen production in MRECs using ammonium bicarbonate solutions, different numbers of cell pairs and stack arrangements were tested. The optimum number of cell pairs was determined to be five based on MREC performance and a desire to minimize capital costs. The stack arrangement was altered by placing an extra low concentration chamber adjacent to anode chamber to reduce ammonia crossover. This additional chamber decreased ammonia nitrogen losses into anolyte by 60%, increased the coulombic efficiency to 83%, and improved the hydrogen yield to a maximum of 3.5mol H<SUB>2</SUB>/mol acetate, with an overall energy efficiency of 27%. These results improve the MREC process, making it a more efficient method for renewable hydrogen gas production.