法律行爲의 無權代理

金占順 경북대학교 법정대학 1980 法大論叢 Vol.18 No.-

The legal act in Civil Law assists that the effect which is occurred by the will of person concerned. But, sometimes, for Keeping the whole rules of law and protecting the concerned person in the principle of balance, there is a case which inhibits the occurrance of the legal effect. This is the system of nullity and cancellation. Case of cancellation is legal act by the person with incapacity of behavior, expression of will by error, declaration of intention by fraud and compulsion, etc. In a word, the nullity of the legal act as the nullity of declaration of intention means that there is no occurrance of the legal effect from the first originally. The cancellation of the legal act means that the legal effect can be reversible if the person who has right of cancellation cancels it, even though the legal effect occurs effectively.

法律行爲의 無效와 取消

金占順 경북대학교 법정대학 1980 法大論叢 Vol.18 No.-

An agency without authority means all agencies that have been done by person who has no agent's authority. This is the case which has not agent's authority among the total elements of agency. There are two cases, of which one has no agency entirely and the other has agency but out of its limits. The existence of agent's authority is the absolute element to the completion of agential relationship. So, agency which pas no agent's authority is unable to occurr legal effect to the principal. But only there occur discharge and relationship of compensation for damage to the illegal act between the agency without authority and the other party. Whether agent's authority exists or not and the limit of agent's authority belong to the inside relationship between principal and agent, so it is true that it is difficult for a third person to know the fact with easy and correct. If all agencies which have been done by agency without authority are regarded as illegal problems, it makes the position of third person who does business with the agent very dangerous. And it goes against to the demand of business safety which is reguired in the current law. In this case, our civil law deals with the agent's right in two ways seperately. If there is a special intimate relationship between the principal and the agent without authority, the legal act with the agent occurs the same legal effect as the one which occurs to the act with the authorized agent. But if there is no such relationship, the civil law adapted the method which shares the special responsibility to the agency in order to maintain the trust of the system of agency and the safety of transaction. The former is called apparent agency, and the latter is called the agency without authority in the narrow meaning. The agency without authority of narrow meaning in our civil law is similar to the law of Western-Germany Art. 177-Art. 180 and apparent agency is just as the same to the Art. 170 Art. 173, and to the debtlaw of Switzerland (clause, 3, Art.43, Art.37, Art.39) and the civil law of France (Art.2005, Art.2009, Art.1997, etc……) have the same idea. It is a common idea of the modern-law to protect the safety of transaction in the system of agency.

암처리 엽수와 기간이 들깨의 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향

최영훈,최영환,이영근,김용균,손병구,강점순,김근기 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

The lower leaves shading in upper leaves is unknown to be reduced significantly due to the early differentiation of flower-bud by dark treatment of leaves when growing perilla for harvesting the leaves in the greenhouse during the winter. This study analyzed the effect of dark treatment of leaves on the growth and regulation of flowering, which are closely related with differentiation of flower and amount of leaves. One leaf and 3 leaves per plant were dark treated for 0, 5, 10 days. Plant hight was reduced in 3 leaves treatment, but there was no difference in 1 leaf treatment. Stem diameter was reduced in both 1 leaf and 3 leaves treatments, which was more significant in 3 leaves treatment. Leaf area was reduced when 1 leaf was treated for 10 days, but there was no difference when 1 leaf was treated for 5 days. When 3 leaves were treated, leaf area was no difference between treatments. However, leaf area which 3 leaves were treated was reduced more significantly than that 1 leaf was treated. Seed weight was remarkably decreased when 1 leaf was treated for 10 days, and it was decreased when 3 leaves were treated for more than 5 days.

단일 처리기간에 의한 들깨의 생육 및 개화조절

최영환,최영훈,강점순,손병구,김용철,최인수,주우홍 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

It's not uncommon for the amount of leaves to be reduced significantly due to the early differentiation of flower-bud by short-day condition when growing perilla for harvesting the leaves in the greenhouse during the winter. This study analyzed the effect of day-length on the growth and regulation of flowering, which are closely related with differentiation of flower and amount of leaves. Development of new leaf was inhibited by short-day treatment for more than 5 days. As the period of short-day was longer, the effect on the development of new leaf inhibition was more evident. Number of leaves was reduced in both 40 days and 110 days short-day treatments as period of short-day length was longer. Short-day treatment for less than 3 days did not induce flowering, but short-day treatment for more than 5 days induced flowering. As the period of short-day treatment was shorter, percentage of flowering was lower and days to flowering was longer. That is, when treated for 20 days, flowering began in 20 days. Seed weight was reduced as the length of short-day treatment was longer.

Comparison analysis of aromatic compounds in the aromatic rice germplasm by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry

Jeong-Soon Kim,Sang-Nag Ahn,Jum-Rae Cho,Yang-Hee Cho,Jae-Gyun Gwag,Tae-San Kim,Sok-Young Lee 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

The volatile and semi-volatile compounds of 5 accessions of domestic and 25 accessions of foreign aroma rice were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS). A total of 158 volatile and semi-volatile compounds were identified from 30 accessions of aroma rice germplasm, including 32 alcohols, 25 acids, 25 ketones, 21 hydrocarbon, 18 esters, 16 aldehydes, 4 ethers, 5 amines, 2 phenols, 2 bases, and 8 miscellaneous compounds. By UPGMA/Neighbor-join tree analysis, the thirty aroma rice germplasms could be classified into five groups according to the major odor or aroma compounds. Group Ⅰ included Indica type of 'Basmati' varieties. GroupⅡ included Japonica type foreign aroma rice except WAR 16 (domestic aroma rice). GroupⅢ and GroupⅤ included Indica type of Basmati and non-Basmati varities. GroupⅣ included domestic aroma rice except WAR34 and WAR35(Basmati varieties).

Isolation, Quality Evaluation, and Seasonal Changes of Bakkenolide B in Petasites japonicus by HPLC

Tae Hoon Kim(김태훈),Do Youn Kim(김도연),Won Jung Jung(정원정),Ravichandran Nagaiya,Beung Gu Son(손병구),Young Hoon Park(박영훈),Jum Soon Kang(강점순),Young Jae Lee(이용재),Dong-Soon Im(임동순),Young-Geun Lee(이영근),Yung Hyun 한국생명과학회 2014 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

머위(Peatasites japonicus)의 잎으로부터 생리활성물질을 탐색하여 항천식 효과가 있는 물질로 알려진 bakenolide B를 순수분리하였으며, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR 및 GC-MS spectrum 데이터를 이용하여 구조를 동정하였다. 머위의 잎, 엽병 및 근경 등의 채취시기별 bakkenolide B의 함량을 평가하기 위하여 HPLC 분석 방법을 확립하였다. Bakkenolide B의 민감도는 210 nm와 215 nm의 파장에서 254 nm, 235 nm 및 265 nm보다 높았으며, 분석을 위한 회귀 직선식은 y=7.841-6.262(파장 215 nm)로서 상관값(r<SUP>2</SUP>)이 0.999 이상으로서 유의성이 매우 높았다. 검출한계(LOD)는 1.05, 정량한계 (LOQ)는 3.38이었다. 회수율은 3종류의 농도값에 대하여 98.6에서 103.1%로서 매우 높았다. 이러한 결과들로 미루어 볼 때 머위에서 bakkenolide B의 함량은 HPLC 분석방법으로서 가능한 것으로 증명되었다. 따라서 식물체의 부위 즉 잎, 엽병 및 근경에서의 bakkenolide B의 함량을 측정한 결과, 잎에서 가장 높았고, 다음은 엽병이었으며, 근경에서 함량이 가장 낮았다. 3월 초부터 8월 초까지 1개월 간격으로 식물체의 부위별 bakkenolide B의 함량을 조사한 결과, 3월부터 8월까지 채취시기가 지연될수록 감소하는 경향이었다. 따라서 HPLC를 이용한 Petasites species의 bakkenolides 분석은 단순하고, 급속하게 분석할 수 있는 방법으로 확인되었다. The leaves of Peatasites japonicus are a traditional oriental medicine with diverse biological activities. A simple and specific analytical method for the quantitative determination of bakkenolide B constituents from methanolic extract of the leaves of P. japonicus was developed. Bakkenolide B was isolated from the leaves of P. japonicus, and its structure was elucidated based on 1D, 2D NMR, and GC-MS spectral data. A liquid chromatographic method was developed to evaluate the quality of P. japonicus through determination of major active compound, bakkenolide B. The wavelengths at 254 and 215 nm were chosen to determine bakkenolide B. The recovery of the method was in the range of 98.6 to 103.1%, and bakkenolide B showed good linearity (r<SUP>2</SUP>=0.999) within test ranges. The developed method was applied to the determination of bakkenolide B in the plant part and seasonal changes. The results showed that the content of bakkenolide B in the leaf was higher than in the petiole and rhizome. In this study, a simple, rapid, and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine the percentage and composition of bakkenolide B in P. japonicus procured from different Petasites species plants in South Korea. The method can be employed in routine quantitative analysis and quality control of different products in the market.

Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir with and without Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Elevated ALT: Interim Analysis of Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study

( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Ji Young Kim ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Soon Woo Nam ),( Joo Ho Lee ),( Seong Gyu Hwang ),( Hana Park ),( Hyung Jum Yim ),( Young 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: This study aimed to assess the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in improving liver inflammation in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who commence tenofovir therapy. Methods: Eighty-nine tenofovir-naïve patients with CHB were enrolled from 6 centers. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups; tenofovir combined with placebo, tenofovir combined with UDCA 600mg, and tenofovir combined with UDCA 1000mg groups. The primary endpoint is ALT normalization rate at 4 weeks. Results: Out of 89 patients, 8 patients dropped out, 58 patients completed 1-year follow-up, and follow-up of remaining patients is ongoing. The ALT normalization rates at week 4 by central lab criteria were 19%, 11%, and 22% for tenofovir monotherapy, UDCA 600mg combination therapy, UDCA 1000mg combination therapy, respectively (P=0.58). ALT normalization rates based on AASLD criteria at week 4 were not statistically different between 3 groups. ALT normalization rates by central lab criteria between 3 groups did not reach statistical significance at week 24 and 48. However, ALT normalization rates by AASLD criteria was higher in UDCA combination group than those in tenofovir monotherapy groups at week 24, 36 and 48 (P< 0.05). Improvement of liver fibrosis measured by enhanced liver fibrosis score at week 48 was not different between groups (P=0.66). Inhibitory molecules of T cell such as PD-1, CTLA-4 and FoxP3, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and TNF-alpha were checked longitudinally, however, there were no significant differences among these three groups (P >0.05). Conclusions: Combination treatment of UDCA with tenofovir can improve ALT normalization rate based on AASLD criteria in ALT elevated CHB patients.

An Exploratory, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir with and without Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus

( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Soon Woo Nam ),( Joo Ho Lee ),( Seong Gyu Hwang ),( Hyung Jum Yim ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Jae Youn Cheong ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: It is suggested that earlier alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization during antiviral treatment is associated with a lower risk of hepatic events in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to assess the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in improving liver inflammation in ALT elevated CHB patients who commence tenofovir therapy. Methods: Eighty-nine tenofovir-naïve patients with CHB were enrolled from 6 centers. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups; tenofovir combined with UDCA 1000mg (n=27), UDCA 600mg (n=30), or placebo (n=32), respectively. The primary endpoint is ALT normalization rate at 4 weeks. Results: Out of 89 patients, 10 patients dropped out, 79 patients completed 1-year follow-up. The ALT normalization rates at week 4 by central lab criteria (ALT ≤41 U/L for men, and 33 ≤U/L for women) were 24%, 13.8%, and 23.3% for UDCA 1000mg, UDCA 600 mg, and placebo groups, respectively (P>0.05). ALT normalization rates based on AASLD criteria (ALT ≤30 U/L for men, and 19 ≤U/L for women) at week 4 were not statistically different between 3 groups. ALT normalization rates by central lab criteria between 3 groups did not reach statistical significance at week 12, 24, 36 and 48. However, ALT normalization rates by AASLD criteria was higher in UDCA 1000mg group than UDCA 600mg or placebo groups at week 24, 36 and 48 (P< 0.05). Improvement of liver fibrosis measured by enhanced liver fibrosis score at week 48 was not different between groups (P >0.05). Inhibitory molecules of T cell such as PD-1, CTLA-4 and FoxP3, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and TNF-alpha were checked longitudinally, however, there were no significant differences among these three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Combination treatment of UDCA 1000mg with tenofovir can improve ALT normalization rate at 24-48 weeks based on AASLD criteria in ALT elevated CHB patients.

Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for Seed Size and Fatty Acid Composition Using Recombinant Inbred Lines in Soybean

Hyeun-Kyeung Kim(김현경),Yong-Chul Kim(김용철),Sun-Tae Kim(김선태),Beung-Gu Son(손병구),Yong-Whan Choi(최영환),Jum-Soon Kang(강점순),Young-Hoon Park(박영훈),Young-Son Cho(조영손),In-Soo Choi(최인수) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.8

콩은 세계 유지작물시장에서 48%을 차지하는 중요한 작물이다. 콩 종실의 크기와 기름함량의 양적 및 질적개선이 콩 육종에 있어서 가장 중요한 목적중의 하나이다. 이 연구의 목적은 종실의 크기와 지방산조성을 조절하는 양적 형질 유전자좌를 밝히는 것이다. 큰올콩과 익산10호의 교배로부터 F2:10 세대의 재조합자식계통 115계통을 이용하였다. 협의 유전력 검정에서는 백립중이 0.72, 포화지방산(팔미트산 + 스테아릭산)이 0.60, 올레익산이 0.83과 리놀레익산이 0.77 및 리놀렌산이 0.81을 나타내었다. 백립중과 연관된 양적형질유전자좌는 염색체 1번, 3번, 8번, 9번과 16번 및 17번에 7개로 나타났다. 포화지방산은 염색체 17번과 19번에 2개의 독립된 양적 형질 유전자좌가 연관되어 있었다. 올레익산 함량에 대해서는 다섯 개의 독립적인 양적 형질 유전자좌가 염색체 7번, 11번, 14번과 16번 및 19번에서 확인하였다. 리놀레익산 함량에 대한 5개의 양적 형질 유전자좌는 염색체 2번, 11번, 14번과 16번 및 19번에 있었다. 리놀렌산 함량은 3개의 양적형질유전자좌가 염색체 8번과 10번 및 19번에 관련되어 있었다. 그리고 올레익산과, 리놀레익산 및 리놀렌산에 공통적으로 확인되는 주요 양적 형질 유전자좌는 염색체 19번 이었다. Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] is an important crop, accounting for 48% of the world market in oil crops. Improvements in economic traits, such as quality and oil constituents, arethe most important objectives in soybean breeding. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control seed size and fatty acid contents in soybean. 115 F2:10 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) developed from a cross of 'Keunolkong' and 'Iksan10' were used. Narrow-sense heritability estimates based on a plot mean on 100 seed weight, saturated fatty acid (palmitic acid + stearic acid), and oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid content were 0.72, 0.60, 0.83, 0.77 and 0.81, respectively. The 100 seeds weight was related to seven QTLs located on chromosomes 1, 3, 8, 9, 16 and 17. Two independent QTLs for saturated fatty acid content were identified on chromosomes 17 and 19. Five independent QTLs for oleic acid content wereidentified on chromosomes7, 11, 14, 16 and 19. Five QTLs for linoleic acid content were located on chromosomes 2, 11, 14, 16 and 19. Three QTLs for linolenic acid content were located on chromosomes 8, 10 and 19. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid had one major common QTL on chromosome 19. Thus, linoleic and linolenic acid content were identified as common QTLs.

요통환자의 통증행위에 대한 조사연구

이은옥(Lee, Eun Ok),임난영(Lim, Ran Young),김달숙(Kim, Dal Sook),김순자(Kim, Soon Ja),한윤복(Hahn, Yoon Bok),김주희(Kim, Joo Hee),김광주(Kim, Kwang Joo),박점희(Park, Jum Hee),이선옥(Lee, Sun Ok),최순희(Choi, Soon Hee) 한국간호과학회 1987 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.17 No.3