Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Focusing on Practical Implication in Nepal

Khatiwada Kanti,Thapa Sirjana 남서울대학교 출판국 2023 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.29 No.-

조현병 스펙트럼 및기타 정신분열증은 네팔을 포함한 전 세계적으로 중요한 정신 건강 도전 과제이다. 본 연구의 목적은 DSM-5 기반의 조현병 및 기타 정신증성 장애의 정의를 이해하고, 네팔의 맥락에서 이에 대한 치료 및 실용적 접근을 제공하는 것입니다. 더불어, 네팔인들 사이에서 건강인식 및 건강 관리에 영향을 미치는 사회문화적 및 다양한 다른 요인을 조사하여 조현병 및 기타 정신증성 장애의 치료와 개입에 대한 통찰을 제공합니다. 이를 위해 학술지 논문, 국가 보고서 및 문헌 검토를 통해 데이터를 수집하였습니다. 더불어, 5년 이상의 전문 경험을 가진 다섯 명의 정신건강 전문가들과의 인터뷰가 진행되었으며, 네팔에서의 조현병 스펙트럼에 대한 이해, 치료 절차, 그리고 장벽에 대한 그들의 응답이 수집되어 분석되었고, 결과가 적절하게 보고되었습니다. 본 연구결과 네팔에서의 정신 질환 진단과 치료에는 장애물이 많은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 의료 시스템은 높은 치료 비용, 부족한 시설 및 인력 부족으로 긴장되어 있습니다. 적절한 연구의 부족과 충분한 자료 수집의 부재는 네팔의 정신질환에 대한 이해를 방해하고 있었다. 전통적인 치료사에 대한 신념과 의존, 그리고 사회적 편견, 편견 및 문화적 신념은 근거 기반 치료적 접근을 어렵게 만들고 있다. 서비스를 개선하려는 국가의 정신건강 정책은 효과적인 실행과 자원 배분을 함에 있어서 경제적인 제약을 가진다. 결론적으로, 네팔에서 조현병과 기타 정신분열증의 관리를 위해서는 전문인력의 확대, 지역사회 기반의 치료 촉진, 인식개선 캠페인 확대 등의 문화적 접근이 반영된 단계적 전략이 필요함을 시사한다. 치료 격차와 장벽을 효과적으로 해결하려면 깊이 있는 연구가 필요합니다. 키워드: 조현병, 정신병적 장애, 정신 건강, 치료 관행, 치료 장벽, 실행 관행, 사회 및 문화적 요인.

MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas: Overview and Comparison

Khatiwada, Bipula,Moh, Sang-Man The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2011 정보와 통신 Vol.28 No.12

In recent years, the employment of directional antennas in ad hoc networks has significantly increased. MAC protocols for ad hoc networks with directional antennas have the potentiality of spatial reuse, large coverage range and network capacity, which mitigates the negative effects associated with omnidirectional antenna systems. However, they suffer from some issues such as hidden terminal problems, deafness, neighbor discovery, flaws with directional carrier sensing, etc. In this paper, we have surveyed the MAC protocols for ad hoc networks with directional antennas, which have been published in the literature, and compared them qualitatively in terms of major characteristics and network performances.

A shake table investigation on interaction between buildings in a row

Khatiwada, Sushil,Chouw, Nawawi Techno-Press 2013 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.2 No.2

Pounding damage has been observed frequently in major earthquakes in the form of aesthetic, minor or major structural cracks and collapse of buildings. Studies have identified a building located at one end of a row of buildings as very vulnerable to pounding damage, while buildings in the interior of the same row are assumed to be safer. This study presents the results of a shake table investigation of pounding between two and three buildings in a row. Two steel portal frames, one stiffer and another more flexible, were subjected to pounding against a frame with eight other configurations. Three pounding arrangements were considered, i.e., the reference frame (1) on the right of the second frame, (2) in the middle of two identical frames, and (3) on the right of two identical frames. Zero seismic gap was adopted for all tests. Five different ground motions are applied from both directions (right to left and left to right). The amplification of the maximum deflection due to pounding was calculated for each configuration. The results showed that, for the stiffer building in a row, row building pounding is more hazardous than pounding between only two buildings. The location of the stiffer frame, whether at the end or the middle of the row, did not have much effect on the degree of amplification observed. Additionally, for all cases considered, pounding caused less amplification for stronger ground motions, i.e., the ground motions that produced higher maximum deflection without pounding than other ground motions.

Comparisons of MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas

Bipula Khatiwada,Sangman Moh 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

MAC protocols in ad hoc networks with directional antennas have the potentiality of spatial reuse, larger coverage range and network capacity, which mitigates the limitations associated with omnidirectional antenna systems. However, these MAC protocols also suffer from some issues such as hidden terminal problem, deafness, neighbor discovery, flaws with directional carrier sensing, etc. In this paper, we survey MAC protocols for ad hoc networks with directional antennas and compare them in terms of major characteristics and network performance.

MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks with Directional Antennas

Bipula Khatiwada,Sangman Moh 한국통신학회 2011 정보와 통신 Vol.28 No.12

In recent years, the employment of directional antennas in ad hoc networks has significantly increased. MAC protocols for ad hoc networks with directional antennas have the potentiality of spatial reuse, large coverage range and network capacity, which mitigates the negative effects associated with omnidirectional antenna systems. However, they suffer from some issues such as hidden terminal problems, deafness, neighbor discovery, flaws with directional carrier sensing, etc. In this paper, we have surveyed the MAC protocols for ad hoc networks with directional antennas, which have been published in the literature, and compared them qualitatively in terms of major characteristics and network performances.

Green Tea, Phytic Acid, and Inositol in Combination Reduced the Incidence of Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Tumors in Fisher 344 Male Rats

Janak Khatiwada,Martha Verghese,Shurrita Davis,Leonard L. Williams 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.11

Experimental as well as epidemiologic studies in human populations provide evidence that consumption of phytochemicals reduces the incidence of degenerative diseases. Green tea (GT) catechins are known for their antioxidative potential. Phytic acid (PA) also acts as a natural antioxidant and may have numerous health benefits. This experiment was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of combinations of 1% and 2% GT, PA, and inositol (I) in reducing the incidence of azoxymethane-induced colon tumors in Fisher 344 male rats. After an acclimatization period of 1 week, nine groups of rats (15 rats per group) were initially assigned to consume AIN 93 G diet and later AIN 93 M diet after 20 weeks of age. Treatments were given in drinking water. All rats received azoxymethane injections (16 mg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Rats were killed at 45 weeks of age by CO₂euthanasia. Tumor incidence (93.76%) and the number of tumors per tumor-bearing rat ratio (2.25) were significantly (P<.05) higher in the control group compared with treatment groups. Glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly (P<.05) higher in rats fed combinations of 2% GT+PA+I and GT+PA (33.25±1.23 and 29.83±1.10 μmol/mL, respectively) compared with other groups. These findings suggest that the synergistic effect of the 2% level of GT, PA, and I may reduce the incidence of colon tumors and therefore have potential as a chemopreventive agent.

Transmission and Reception Modes in MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks Based on Directional Antennas

비풀라 카티와다(Bipula Khatiwada),모상만(Sangman Moh) 한국멀티미디어학회 2009 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2009 No.1

Recently, ad hoc networks with directional antenna systems are actively studied thanks to their advantages against omni-directional antenna based networks. In this paper, packet transmission and reception modes in MAC (Medium Access Control) protocols for ad hoc networks based on directional antennas are extensively surveyed and compared.

ROLE OF BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN WATER HYACINTH POND DESIGN AND OPERATION

( Chongrak Polprasert,Nawa Raj Khatiwada ) 한국물환경학회 1997 제6차 국제수질보전학회 아시아 태평양지역 학술회의 Vol.1 No.-

The Role and Outcome of the Korea-Indonesia e-Government Cooperation Center

Ekisha Sharma,Nawa Raj Khatiwada,Anish Ghimire 적정기술학회 2019 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.5 No.1

Solar pumps, for water lift systems, is becoming popular in rural areas for supplying drinking water in dry seasons when its need is elevated. The development in technology has also made solar pumps readily available and cheap which has increased its demands. So, for scattered settlements having a limited budget for operation and maintenance costs, solar pump is preferred over grid connected electrical pumping systems. This primary objective of the study was to design a solar photovoltaic pumping drinking water supply system for a small health post which is about 45 km east from Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal. The study also compared and verified the final design with the system’s existing design prepared by a development agency. The water source for this study was a confined aquifer 115m below the surface. The water demand was calculated to be 11m3 per day. A 1500 kPa submersible pump attached to a motor was selected and installed. Along with that twelve solar panels, reservoir, transmission main and distribution main was designed. The outcomes conclude solar photovoltaic pumping water supply systems to be cost-effective with an estimated cost of only USD 0.84 million per MLD. Solar pumps require low maintenance and operation costs and its repairs can quickly be done by the local people. The study also shows that solar technology produces no sound, needs no fuel making it environmentally friendly.

Ranking subjects based on paired compositional data with application to age-related hearing loss subtyping

Nam, Jin Hyun,Khatiwada, Aastha,Matthews, Lois J.,Schulte, Bradley A.,Dubno, Judy R.,Chung, Dongjun The Korean Statistical Society 2020 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.27 No.2

Analysis approaches for single compositional data are well established; however, effective analysis strategies for paired compositional data remain to be investigated. The current project was motivated by studies of age-related hearing loss (presbyacusis), where subjects are classified into four audiometric phenotypes that need to be ranked within these phenotypes based on their paired compositional data. We address this challenge by formulating this problem as a classification problem and integrating a penalized multinomial logistic regression model with compositional data analysis approaches. We utilize Elastic Net for a penalty function, while considering average, absolute difference, and perturbation operators for compositional data. We applied the proposed approach to the presbyacusis study of 532 subjects with probabilities that each ear of a subject belongs to each of four presbyacusis subtypes. We further investigated the ranking of presbyacusis subjects using the proposed approach based on previous literature. The data analysis results indicate that the proposed approach is effective for ranking subjects based on paired compositional data.